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Analysis of Lard Adulterated in Beef Sausages: Influence of n-hexane Concentration and Maceration Time 牛肉香肠中猪油掺假分析:正己烷浓度和浸渍时间的影响
D. Ardilla, M. Taufik, Dafni Mawar Tarigan, M. Thamrin, M. Razali, Revi Trisna Siregar, Irfan Kurniawan, Nur Waridah Angriani Nasution, Rika Astuti Pulungan, Sri Dewi Sihotang
: Prime food products must pay attention to product halal factors that have an impact on consumers. some products that are circulating in the general public are often adapted with other ingredients. Beef sausages is a processed product that is often adulterated with lard. This work aims to study the comparison of solven concentration (n-hexane) and maceration time on the analysis of beef sausage hat were added with lard. The Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was developed used two (2) replications. Factor I was the Solvent Concentration (C) which consists of four levels : C 1 = 20%, C 2 = 30%, C 3 = 40%, C 4 = 50% and Factor II was the maceration time (W) consisting of four levels : W 1 = 6 Hours, W 2 = 12 Hours, W 3 = 18 Hours, W 4 = 24 Hours. The results showed that the concentration of n-hexane in beef sausages adulterated with lard gave a significant difference (P> 0.01) on specific gravity, a significantly different effect (P> 0.01) on iodine numbers. Real and tangible realization (P <0.05) to iodine numbers. The maceration gives a significant difference (P> 0.01) to the specific gravity, the difference is significantly different (P> 0.01) with respect to iodine number. The Concentration of lard at C 1 W 1 , C 2 W 2 , C 3 W 3 and C 4 W 4 were analyzed using UV spectroscopy respectively 23, 35, 41, and 54%.
:优质食品必须重视对消费者产生影响的产品清真因素。在公众中流通的一些产品经常加入其他成分。牛肉香肠是一种加工产品,经常掺入猪油。本工作旨在研究溶剂浓度(正己烷)和浸渍时间对添加猪油牛肉香肠帽分析的影响。阶乘完全随机设计(CRD)采用两(2)次重复。因子1为溶剂浓度(C),由c1 = 20%、c2 = 30%、c3 = 40%、c4 = 50%四个水平组成;因子2为浸渍时间(W),由w1 = 6小时、w2 = 12小时、w3 = 18小时、w4 = 24小时四个水平组成。结果表明:猪油掺假牛肉香肠中正己烷浓度对比重的影响显著(P> 0.01),对碘值的影响显著(P> 0.01);实实值与实实值对比重的差异(P < 0.01),对碘值的差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。紫外分光光度法测定猪油在c1w1、c2w2、c3w3和c4w4的浓度,分别为23%、35%、41%和54%。
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引用次数: 0
Fungal Infection and Toxigenicity Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Cacao and Coffee Beans in North Sumatera 北苏门答腊可可豆和咖啡豆中黄曲霉的真菌侵染及其毒力研究
K. Nurtjahja, Liana Dwi, Sri Hastuti, Atika Nurfalah
: Cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) and coffee beans ( Coffea sp,) in Indonesia produced mostly by small-scale plantation by farmers. This study was aimed to investigate fungal infection and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus strains on dried-stored cacao and coffee beans at collector distribution chain. As much as five kilogram dried-stored of the beans were collected from collector distribution chain at Karo Regency, North Sumatra.. The moisture content were determined by oven drying metthod. The percentage of beans infected by each fungal species was observed by direct plating on dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) medium.. Fungal population was enumerated by a dilution followed by a pour plate in DG18 medium. Cultural method in agar medium containing 10% coconut milk was used to determine toxigenicity of A. flavus . Results showed moisture content cacao and coffee beans at collecto distribution chain was above National Indonesia Standard. Eighty eight percent of cacao beans were infected by A. niger , whereas, coffee beans were the most infected by A . flavus . (78.60%). A total of 14 strains of A. flavus were isolated, 4 strains found at cacao and 10 strains at coffee beans. Among of the total A. flavus , 3 strains are aflatoxin producers at cacao and 4 strains at coffee beans.
可可(Theobroma Cacao)和咖啡豆(Coffea sp .)在印度尼西亚主要由农民小规模种植。本研究旨在研究黄曲霉菌株对干燥储存的可可豆和咖啡豆的真菌侵染和毒力。在北苏门答腊岛Karo Regency的收集者分销链上收集了多达5公斤的干燥储存的咖啡豆。用烘箱干燥法测定其含水率。采用二氯18%甘油琼脂(DG18)培养基直接电镀的方法,观察各菌种侵染蚕豆的百分率。在DG18培养基中,通过稀释后的平板倒液来计数真菌种群。采用含有10%椰奶的琼脂培养基培养法测定黄曲霉的毒力。结果表明,可可豆和咖啡豆在集散链上的水分含量均高于印尼国家标准。百分之八十八的可可豆感染黑曲霉,而咖啡豆感染黑曲霉最多。flavus。(78.60%)。共分离到14株黄芽孢杆菌,在可可中分离到4株,在咖啡豆中分离到10株。在所有黄曲霉菌株中,3株在可可中产生黄曲霉毒素,4株在咖啡豆中产生黄曲霉毒素。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Eleocharis Dulcis (Burm.f.) Henschell) 土榄内生真菌的抗菌活性研究Henschell)
E. Nurnawati, Juliana Hutajulu, H. Widjajanti, .. Muharni
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引用次数: 0
A Preliminary Study of Synthesized Fluorescence Carbon Nanoparticles from Lignin Residual Liquid 木质素残液合成荧光碳纳米颗粒的初步研究
Averroes F. Piliang, S. Gea, K. Sebayang, .. Dellyansyah, Suhut A. Situmorang, Noni Oktari, Siti Utari Rahayu, Rachmad Fauzi, Denny P. Indrawan
: Lignin residual liquid is a macromolecule compounds resulted from the delignification process of empty bunches of palm oil within alkaline condition. This study reports the potential results of lignin residual liquid as the precursor of fluorescence carbon nano-particles synthesized from heating treatments. The characteristics of samples were tested by using FTIR, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis, and UV-lights observation. The results showed that FTIR spectra confirmed the functional groups of hydroxyl, while the visible spectrum displayed none absorbance. The UV spectrum displayed varied peaks from 214 to 319 nm which indicated different absorbance features within highly alkaline condition, whereas green-neon colour was shown under the UV-lights. This implies that various fluorescence properties occur from this study.
木质素残液是棕榈油空束在碱性条件下脱木质素过程中产生的一种大分子化合物。本研究报道了木质素残液作为加热合成荧光碳纳米颗粒前驱体的潜在结果。采用红外光谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法、紫外光观察等方法对样品进行表征。结果表明,FTIR光谱证实了羟基的官能团,而可见光谱无吸光度。紫外光谱在214 ~ 319 nm范围内变化,在高碱性条件下显示出不同的吸光度特征,而在紫外光下显示出绿色氖色。这意味着该研究产生了各种荧光特性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Addition Mg and Na on Phase Formation and Crystallite Size of BPSCCO-2223 Superconductor Mg和Na对BPSCCO-2223超导体相形成和晶粒尺寸的影响
S. Humaidi, Wahyu Azhar R., T. Sembiring, A. Imaduddin
: Superconductor samples based on BPSCCO-2223 have been prepared using solid state reaction. Precursor material (powder): Bi 2 O 3 , PbO 2 , SrCO 3 , CaCO 3 and CuO were mixed together using agate mortar for 2 h with twice grindings. Powder were then sintered at 300°C for 6 h with a rate of 10°C/min and 820°C for 20 hours at the same rate. MgO powder was added for 5%wt and 15%wt, respectively. The same amount as well as same procedure was applied for Na 2 CO 3 powder addition. The powder was then put into palletising machine with 250 MPa before sintering at 850°C for 30 hours. Effect of addition Na and Mg on crystallite size and phase formation had been observed using XRD (powder method) type PAN analytical Empyrean. XRD-pattern was analysed with aid of Match v1.10 software. Results showed that crystallite size increased for 9.5% by addition of 5%wt Mg but decreased for 13.6% with 15%wt Mg. Addition of 5%wt Na decreased the crystallite size for 31.8%, whereas 15%wt Na decreased it to 14.2%. Maximum volume fraction of Bi-2223 (65.18%) was observed in non-doped sample.
采用固相反应法制备了BPSCCO-2223基超导体样品。前驱体材料(粉末):bi2o3、pbo2、srco3、caco3和CuO用玛瑙砂浆混合2 h,两次研磨。粉末在300℃下以10℃/min的速度烧结6 h,在820℃下以相同的速度烧结20 h。MgO粉添加量分别为5%wt和15%wt。na2co3粉的添加量和过程相同。将粉体放入250 MPa的码垛机中,850℃烧结30小时。采用XRD(粉末法)型PAN分析仪器,观察了添加Na和Mg对晶体尺寸和相形成的影响。利用Match v1.10软件对xrd图谱进行分析。结果表明,添加5%wt Mg时晶粒尺寸增大9.5%,添加15% Mg时晶粒尺寸减小13.6%。添加5%wt Na可使晶粒尺寸减小31.8%,添加15%wt Na可使晶粒尺寸减小14.2%。未掺杂样品中Bi-2223的体积分数最高(65.18%)。
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引用次数: 0
The Association between Genital Hygiene and Cytological Papsmear between Women in Takengon Takengon地区女性生殖器卫生与宫颈涂片检查的关系
L. Feriyawati, Tetty Aman Nasution, Dwi Rita Anggraini
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Express Microorganims-4 (EM-4) on Chemical Compounds Liquid Wastes of Oil Palm 表达微生物-4 (EM-4)对油棕废液中化合物的影响
Muhammad Nasri, Rosliana Lubis, .. Sartini, K. Nurtjahja
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical Methods for Controlling the Performance of an Industrial Park 工业园区绩效控制的数学方法
Esther S. M. Nababan, Agus Salim Harahap, N. Napitupulu
: Robust reliable performance metrics enable a management to identify and address deficiencies and control factors to improve performance of any system. The complexity of modern operating environments presents real challenges to developing equitable and accurate performance metrics. This paper presents literature review and analysis of how mathematical methods utilized and functioned to develop a control factor or dynamic constraint in endeavoring to increase environmental performance of eco-industrial parks. Constrained minimax optimization model is developed to maximize economic gain while minimizing waste in a region within the border where dynamic carrying capacity is maintained stable. Carrying capacity is added in as control factor to increase environmental performance within a boundary or area within which balance of carrying capacity is maintained, in order to increase environmental performance without reducing quality of environment.
稳健可靠的性能指标使管理层能够识别和解决缺陷和控制因素,以提高任何系统的性能。现代操作环境的复杂性对制定公平和准确的性能指标提出了真正的挑战。本文通过文献综述和分析,探讨了数学方法在提高生态工业园区环境绩效中如何发挥控制因素或动态约束的作用。在动态承载力保持稳定的边界区域内,以经济效益最大化、浪费最小化为目标,建立了约束极小最大化优化模型。在保持承载力平衡的边界或区域内,加入承载力作为控制因素,以提高环境绩效,在不降低环境质量的前提下提高环境绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Sisal Fiber Direction Angle on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composites 剑麻纤维方向角对复合材料物理力学性能的影响
P. Sinuhaji, A. Maghfirah, Prisila Dinanti, Willy Arti
: Research on the effect of sisal fiber angle on density, water absorption, porosity, flexural strength, impact strength, and tensile strength of sisal-epoxy resin composite fibers. Composites are made by hand lay out method in the composition of sisal fiber material: epoxy resin = 10 wt% : 90 wt% with the fiber angle orientation layout at: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°. Composite properties obtained have an average density of 1.2 g/cm 3 , water absorption increases linearly, and porosity of composites rises linearly to changes in angle increment which is greater and has flexural strength, impact strength, composite tensile strength linearly decreases to changes in the incremental angle. Optimal mechanical properties occur at the angle of fiber 0°, this is due to the long fiber direction, in the direction of the tensile force which is at 0°. The length of each fiber at 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, will have lower mechanical properties, due to the shorter load distribution.
:研究剑麻纤维角度对剑麻-环氧树脂复合纤维密度、吸水率、孔隙率、抗弯强度、冲击强度、抗拉强度的影响。以剑麻纤维为原料:环氧树脂= 10 wt%: 90 wt%,纤维角度取向为:0°、30°、45°、60°、90°,采用手工铺布法制备复合材料。得到的复合材料性能平均密度为1.2 g/ cm3,吸水率随角度增量的变化呈线性增加,复合材料的孔隙率随角度增量的变化呈线性增加,且复合材料的抗折强度、冲击强度、抗拉强度随增量角度的变化呈线性降低。最佳的机械性能发生在纤维夹角为0°时,这是由于长纤维的方向,在拉伸力为0°的方向。每根纤维在30°、45°、60°、90°处的长度,由于载荷分布较短,其机械性能较低。
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引用次数: 1
The Influence of PVOH Concentration on the Structural Morphology and Dimension of Electrospun Nanofibers PVOH浓度对静电纺纳米纤维结构形态和尺寸的影响
E. Misran, Basuki Wirdjosentono, Nas Noor, S. Gea, M. Harahap, S. A. Situmorang
: The parameters applied in electrospinning process were the main factors to produce ultrafine nanofibers for different target applications. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) concentration, from 12% to 16% (wt) in distilled water, on the morphology and dimension of nanofibers was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of PVOH electrospun nanofibers and Image J analysis was used to calculate the dimension of fibers. From the results, 12% and 13% of PVOH concentration produced bead shaped fibers. Meanwhile ultrafine nanofibers were produced from PVOH concentration of 14%, 15%, and 16% (wt). The diameter of ultrafine fibers increased with the increase in PVOH concentration.
静电纺丝工艺的参数是制备不同用途超细纳米纤维的主要因素。在这项研究中,研究了聚乙烯醇(PVOH)在蒸馏水中浓度从12%到16% (wt)对纳米纤维形态和尺寸的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了PVOH静电纺纳米纤维的形貌,并用Image J分析计算了纤维的尺寸。结果表明,当PVOH浓度为12%和13%时,纤维呈珠状。同时,在PVOH浓度为14%、15%和16% (wt)的条件下制备超细纳米纤维。随着PVOH浓度的增加,超细纤维的直径增大。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics
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