Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010613400002775
G. I. Dalimunthe, Ida Fauziah
: Colon-targeted therapy requires a strategy to keep the medicine pass the stomach and release in the colon, which is hard to reach by conventional dosage form of metronidazole in gelatin capsule. In this study, microparticles dosage form of metronidazole which was placed inside corncob-hemicellulose capsule shell need to be compared with conventionally gelatin capsule of metronidazole preparation to examine whether it meets medications standards. The aim of this study was to find out the in vitro and in vivo assay correlation of metronidazole microparticle which covered by corncob hemicellulose capsules. In vitro test was carried out to observe the profile of differences in the percent release of metronidazole from various formulations with various media and times. It was performed using a dissolution tester, in an artificial stomach medium of pH 1.2 for 6 hours in artificial intestinal medium of pH 7.4 for 10 hours, and in artificial colonic medium of pH 8 for 10 hours. The in vivo test design was conducted using six rabbits. The drug released in plasma was measured by HPLC using 1% glacial acetic acid solvent in aqua bidest and methanol-water with a ratio of 80: 20. The test was performed using the cross over design method. Metronidazole microparticle capsules were administered orally according to the test design (metronidazole in microparticles and metronidazole in conventional forms). Based on the plotted graph (data retrieval was started from the drug released in the colon because the drug began to be absorbed at that time), a correlation value was obtained (R 2 = 0.8785). It can be stated that there is a correlation between the formulations tested in vitro and in vivo because the correlation value was greater than 0.8, it is assumed to have a correlation.
{"title":"In vitro - In vivo Correlation Study of Colon-targeted Metronidazole Microparticle in Corncob Hemicellulose Capsule","authors":"G. I. Dalimunthe, Ida Fauziah","doi":"10.5220/0010613400002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010613400002775","url":null,"abstract":": Colon-targeted therapy requires a strategy to keep the medicine pass the stomach and release in the colon, which is hard to reach by conventional dosage form of metronidazole in gelatin capsule. In this study, microparticles dosage form of metronidazole which was placed inside corncob-hemicellulose capsule shell need to be compared with conventionally gelatin capsule of metronidazole preparation to examine whether it meets medications standards. The aim of this study was to find out the in vitro and in vivo assay correlation of metronidazole microparticle which covered by corncob hemicellulose capsules. In vitro test was carried out to observe the profile of differences in the percent release of metronidazole from various formulations with various media and times. It was performed using a dissolution tester, in an artificial stomach medium of pH 1.2 for 6 hours in artificial intestinal medium of pH 7.4 for 10 hours, and in artificial colonic medium of pH 8 for 10 hours. The in vivo test design was conducted using six rabbits. The drug released in plasma was measured by HPLC using 1% glacial acetic acid solvent in aqua bidest and methanol-water with a ratio of 80: 20. The test was performed using the cross over design method. Metronidazole microparticle capsules were administered orally according to the test design (metronidazole in microparticles and metronidazole in conventional forms). Based on the plotted graph (data retrieval was started from the drug released in the colon because the drug began to be absorbed at that time), a correlation value was obtained (R 2 = 0.8785). It can be stated that there is a correlation between the formulations tested in vitro and in vivo because the correlation value was greater than 0.8, it is assumed to have a correlation.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127610008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010205500002775
.. Prasetyorini, D. W., .. Yulianita, Novi F. U., Neng Rani
: This research was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon bark ( Cinnamomum burmani Nees & T. Nees Blume) against Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus aureus , and Candida albicans . The gradual extraction method was employed using 3 types of solvents which were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The obtained extracts were dried from their solvents by vacuum-drying and weighed to obtain the extraction yield. The dried extracts were each characterized to gain information about color, aroma, and water content. Further characterization was conducted to qualitatively measure the phytochemical contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin, then followed by growth inhibition tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone test. The result showed that the obtained yields of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol were 3.75%, 3.70%, and 32.47%, respectively. All extracts were brown-colored with a distinctive cinnamon aroma. The qualitative phytochemical measurements were as follows: n-hexane extract showed the presence of tannins, ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoids, while the 70% ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The MIC test result for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extracts were, in order, 12%, 12%, and 8% against Staphylococcus aureus , 2.5%, 2.5%, and 25% against Streptococcus mutan , and 2.5%, 2.5%, and 25% against Candida albicans . The best inhibition zone test results against Staphylococcus aureus were exhibited by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extracts in following concentrations: 50% (3.16 mm), 50% (5.90 mm), and 32% (6.83 mm), respectively. Against Streptococcus mutan , the best n-hexane concentration was 2.5% (3.83 mm), while ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol extract exhibited relatively the same results in all of their measured concentrations, which were 2.00 mm and 5.30 mm, respectively. Against Candida albicans , the best n-hexane extract concentration was 10% (14.5 mm), and the best ethyl acetate concentration extract was 10% (7 mm). The 70% ethanol extract exhibited relatively same results (1.5 mm) in all measured concentrations.
本研究旨在检测肉桂皮(Cinnamomum burmani Nees & T. Nees Blume)对变形链球菌、金黄色链球菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌活性。采用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、70%乙醇3种溶剂逐步提取。得到的萃取物用真空干燥法从溶剂中干燥，称量得到萃取得率。每一种干燥的提取物都进行了表征，以获得有关颜色、香气和含水量的信息。进一步定性测定其生物碱、黄酮类、单宁、皂苷等植物化学成分的含量，并进行最小抑制浓度(MIC)和抑制区试验等生长抑制试验。结果表明，正己烷、乙酸乙酯和70%乙醇的收率分别为3.75%、3.70%和32.47%。所有提取物都是棕色的，带有独特的肉桂香气。定性植物化学测定结果为:正己烷提取液中含有单宁，乙酸乙酯提取液中含有黄酮类化合物，70%乙醇提取液中含有生物碱、黄酮类化合物、单宁和皂苷。正己烷、乙酸乙酯和70%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC检测结果依次为12%、12%和8%，对变形链球菌的MIC检测结果依次为2.5%、2.5%和25%，对白色念珠菌的MIC检测结果依次为2.5%、2.5%和25%。正己烷、乙酸乙酯和70%乙醇提取物浓度分别为50% (3.16 mm)、50% (5.90 mm)和32% (6.83 mm)时，对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最佳。正己烷浓度为2.5% (3.83 mm)，乙酸乙酯和70%乙醇提取物对变形链球菌的抑菌效果较好，分别为2.00 mm和5.30 mm。对白色念珠菌，正己烷提取液浓度为10% (14.5 mm)，乙酸乙酯提取液浓度为10% (7 mm)。70%乙醇提取物在所有测量浓度下显示出相对相同的结果(1.5 mm)。
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities Assessment of Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum burmannii Nees & T. Nees) Extract against Caries Factors","authors":".. Prasetyorini, D. W., .. Yulianita, Novi F. U., Neng Rani","doi":"10.5220/0010205500002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010205500002775","url":null,"abstract":": This research was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon bark ( Cinnamomum burmani Nees & T. Nees Blume) against Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus aureus , and Candida albicans . The gradual extraction method was employed using 3 types of solvents which were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The obtained extracts were dried from their solvents by vacuum-drying and weighed to obtain the extraction yield. The dried extracts were each characterized to gain information about color, aroma, and water content. Further characterization was conducted to qualitatively measure the phytochemical contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin, then followed by growth inhibition tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone test. The result showed that the obtained yields of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol were 3.75%, 3.70%, and 32.47%, respectively. All extracts were brown-colored with a distinctive cinnamon aroma. The qualitative phytochemical measurements were as follows: n-hexane extract showed the presence of tannins, ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoids, while the 70% ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The MIC test result for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extracts were, in order, 12%, 12%, and 8% against Staphylococcus aureus , 2.5%, 2.5%, and 25% against Streptococcus mutan , and 2.5%, 2.5%, and 25% against Candida albicans . The best inhibition zone test results against Staphylococcus aureus were exhibited by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extracts in following concentrations: 50% (3.16 mm), 50% (5.90 mm), and 32% (6.83 mm), respectively. Against Streptococcus mutan , the best n-hexane concentration was 2.5% (3.83 mm), while ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol extract exhibited relatively the same results in all of their measured concentrations, which were 2.00 mm and 5.30 mm, respectively. Against Candida albicans , the best n-hexane extract concentration was 10% (14.5 mm), and the best ethyl acetate concentration extract was 10% (7 mm). The 70% ethanol extract exhibited relatively same results (1.5 mm) in all measured concentrations.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127672496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010614100002775
Grace Nainggolan, S. Gea, .. Marpongahtun, M. Harahap, .. Dellyansyah
: Air pollution from the combustion of exhaust gas emissions increases with the rise in motorized vehicles use which affects human health. Therefore, it is important to control gas emissions from motorized vehicles. In this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate composite nanofibre lignin/PEO as a filter for gas emission. The nanofibers obtained were analyzed by using SEM before and after gas emission test. The morphological analysis showed that the presence of lignin in the PEO decreased the diameter of the nanofibre from 800 nm to 100 nm, hence improved the gas adsorption efficiency. After gas emission test, the filtration power was 61% for hydrocarbon gas, 81% for CO gas, and 33% for CO 2 gas.
{"title":"Fabrication of Composite Nanofibre PEO/Lignin for Exhaust Gas Emissions by Electrospinning","authors":"Grace Nainggolan, S. Gea, .. Marpongahtun, M. Harahap, .. Dellyansyah","doi":"10.5220/0010614100002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010614100002775","url":null,"abstract":": Air pollution from the combustion of exhaust gas emissions increases with the rise in motorized vehicles use which affects human health. Therefore, it is important to control gas emissions from motorized vehicles. In this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate composite nanofibre lignin/PEO as a filter for gas emission. The nanofibers obtained were analyzed by using SEM before and after gas emission test. The morphological analysis showed that the presence of lignin in the PEO decreased the diameter of the nanofibre from 800 nm to 100 nm, hence improved the gas adsorption efficiency. After gas emission test, the filtration power was 61% for hydrocarbon gas, 81% for CO gas, and 33% for CO 2 gas.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122729810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010614700002775
Muhammad Taufik, D. Ardilla, M. Razali, E. Susilawati, .. Afniwati, Nurul Fadillah
{"title":"Extraction and Analysis of Nicotine from the Saliva of Active Smokers using UV Spectroscopy","authors":"Muhammad Taufik, D. Ardilla, M. Razali, E. Susilawati, .. Afniwati, Nurul Fadillah","doi":"10.5220/0010614700002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010614700002775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115844490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010136500002775
M. Ginting, Dasron Bulolo, H. Sihotang, Indra Masmur
{"title":"Corrosion Inhibitors Activity of Schiff Base from Condensation of Ethylenediamine with Furfural from Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"M. Ginting, Dasron Bulolo, H. Sihotang, Indra Masmur","doi":"10.5220/0010136500002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010136500002775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121602778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010613800002775
E. Misran, Basuki Wirdjosentono, Nas Noor, S. Gea, M. Harahap, S. A. Situmorang
: The parameters applied in electrospinning process were the main factors to produce ultrafine nanofibers for different target applications. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) concentration, from 12% to 16% (wt) in distilled water, on the morphology and dimension of nanofibers was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of PVOH electrospun nanofibers and Image J analysis was used to calculate the dimension of fibers. From the results, 12% and 13% of PVOH concentration produced bead shaped fibers. Meanwhile ultrafine nanofibers were produced from PVOH concentration of 14%, 15%, and 16% (wt). The diameter of ultrafine fibers increased with the increase in PVOH concentration.
{"title":"The Influence of PVOH Concentration on the Structural Morphology and Dimension of Electrospun Nanofibers","authors":"E. Misran, Basuki Wirdjosentono, Nas Noor, S. Gea, M. Harahap, S. A. Situmorang","doi":"10.5220/0010613800002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010613800002775","url":null,"abstract":": The parameters applied in electrospinning process were the main factors to produce ultrafine nanofibers for different target applications. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) concentration, from 12% to 16% (wt) in distilled water, on the morphology and dimension of nanofibers was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of PVOH electrospun nanofibers and Image J analysis was used to calculate the dimension of fibers. From the results, 12% and 13% of PVOH concentration produced bead shaped fibers. Meanwhile ultrafine nanofibers were produced from PVOH concentration of 14%, 15%, and 16% (wt). The diameter of ultrafine fibers increased with the increase in PVOH concentration.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123221166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010181300002775
Wilda Fasim Hasibuan, Nurhaty Purnama Sari
: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of parenting and asking level of the student biology education in teacher training faculty Riau Island University. Method in this research is mixed-method that used side by side approach. The first, quantitative will be used and the second, the researcher could observe and interview. The effect of parental style is not seen in students’ asking levels evidenced by the results of the multinomial logistic regression test a-sig = 0.207. Qualitative research results are presented after quantitative results. 81.25 % of students receive authoritarian parenting, and 18.25 % authoritative. The temporary conclusion is that the habit of asking questions is formed from childhood. Precisely, the authoritarian parenting styles received by almost all respondents made them reluctant to ask questions in class. Because when they were little they were only asked to obey orders without commenting anything. However, this research had a weaknesses, the scale should be given with each parenting pattern so that maximum results are obtained, and observations in class discussions are conducted in the long term and in several classes so that the observations are more accurate.
{"title":"Analysis of Parenting in the Question Level Perspective in Student of Universitas Riau Kepulauan","authors":"Wilda Fasim Hasibuan, Nurhaty Purnama Sari","doi":"10.5220/0010181300002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010181300002775","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to determine the effects of parenting and asking level of the student biology education in teacher training faculty Riau Island University. Method in this research is mixed-method that used side by side approach. The first, quantitative will be used and the second, the researcher could observe and interview. The effect of parental style is not seen in students’ asking levels evidenced by the results of the multinomial logistic regression test a-sig = 0.207. Qualitative research results are presented after quantitative results. 81.25 % of students receive authoritarian parenting, and 18.25 % authoritative. The temporary conclusion is that the habit of asking questions is formed from childhood. Precisely, the authoritarian parenting styles received by almost all respondents made them reluctant to ask questions in class. Because when they were little they were only asked to obey orders without commenting anything. However, this research had a weaknesses, the scale should be given with each parenting pattern so that maximum results are obtained, and observations in class discussions are conducted in the long term and in several classes so that the observations are more accurate.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010138200002775
E. Sabri, R. Handayani
{"title":"Effect of Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) Leaves Ethanol Extract of Incision Wound and Healing in Mice (Mus musculus L.)","authors":"E. Sabri, R. Handayani","doi":"10.5220/0010138200002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010138200002775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114061650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010614400002775
E. Susilawati, M. Taufik, M. Razali, D. Ardilla, Rid Wanto, Virda Lola, Br Tarigan
: Nicotine is a class of addictive compounds that can cause dependence. Vitamin C contains antioxidants that can ward off free radicals in the body. Nicotine extraction and analysis are a series of processes that are indispensable in order to produce nicotine in optimal concentrations. This study aims to extract and analyze nicotine in the urine of active smokers after giving vitamin C. The descriptive method was developed for the extraction of nicotine in urine. Preliminary test using Cyanogen bromide showed the presence of nicotine in the urine of smokers for 7 days. The same thing is evidenced by the thin layer chromatography data resulting in an average Rf value of 0.6. The concentration of nicotine in urine decreased from the first day of vitamin C administration to day 7. This indicates that there is an effect of vitamin C on the urine of active smokers.
{"title":"Extraction and Analysis of Nicotine in the Urine of Active Smokers after given by Vitamin C","authors":"E. Susilawati, M. Taufik, M. Razali, D. Ardilla, Rid Wanto, Virda Lola, Br Tarigan","doi":"10.5220/0010614400002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010614400002775","url":null,"abstract":": Nicotine is a class of addictive compounds that can cause dependence. Vitamin C contains antioxidants that can ward off free radicals in the body. Nicotine extraction and analysis are a series of processes that are indispensable in order to produce nicotine in optimal concentrations. This study aims to extract and analyze nicotine in the urine of active smokers after giving vitamin C. The descriptive method was developed for the extraction of nicotine in urine. Preliminary test using Cyanogen bromide showed the presence of nicotine in the urine of smokers for 7 days. The same thing is evidenced by the thin layer chromatography data resulting in an average Rf value of 0.6. The concentration of nicotine in urine decreased from the first day of vitamin C administration to day 7. This indicates that there is an effect of vitamin C on the urine of active smokers.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5220/0010614300002775
E. Susilawati, M. Taufik, .. Afniwati, M. Razali, D. Ardilla
: Stress is the body's reaction that occurs when someone faces a threat, pressure, or a change. Stress can also occur because of situations or thoughts that make a person feel hopeless, nervous, angry, or excited. The instrument used in determining the level of stress is the HARS method. This study aims to determine the stress level of active cigarette users after 3 days of vitamin C intake. To quasi experimental was carried out in one group pre test - post test design with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that Correlation 0,800, Sig.: 0,000 at level 0,01, Df: N-1. t = 1,000: in this research, t = 6,679 > 2,4620 (significant). Sig. (2-tailed): p value at T Paired = 0,000. In means : there is a difference between before and after treatment. Because: p value > 0,05 (95% confidence). The relationship between giving Vitamin C to stress levels gave a very strong relationship after the third day of giving Vitamin C.
{"title":"Determination of the Stress Level of Active Smokers after 3 Days of Intake of Vitamin C Tablets","authors":"E. Susilawati, M. Taufik, .. Afniwati, M. Razali, D. Ardilla","doi":"10.5220/0010614300002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010614300002775","url":null,"abstract":": Stress is the body's reaction that occurs when someone faces a threat, pressure, or a change. Stress can also occur because of situations or thoughts that make a person feel hopeless, nervous, angry, or excited. The instrument used in determining the level of stress is the HARS method. This study aims to determine the stress level of active cigarette users after 3 days of vitamin C intake. To quasi experimental was carried out in one group pre test - post test design with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that Correlation 0,800, Sig.: 0,000 at level 0,01, Df: N-1. t = 1,000: in this research, t = 6,679 > 2,4620 (significant). Sig. (2-tailed): p value at T Paired = 0,000. In means : there is a difference between before and after treatment. Because: p value > 0,05 (95% confidence). The relationship between giving Vitamin C to stress levels gave a very strong relationship after the third day of giving Vitamin C.","PeriodicalId":257157,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International MIPAnet Conference on Science and Mathematics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115460782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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