Microbial cellulose (MC) is a versatile biomaterial synthesized by various microorganisms, possessing unique properties such as high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These characteristics make MC suitable for applications in biomedical, food, and packaging industries. Traditionally, Acetobacter aceti has been the primary source for MC production, but recent research has identified other potential microbial producers such as Komagataeibacter xylinus, Sarcina ventriculi, and Rhizobium sp., which offer efficient cellulose synthesis. This study reviews the diverse applications of MC, including wound dressings, edible films, and composites, and discusses cost-effective substrates like sugarcane molasses and fruit waste used in MC production. The paper highlights the importance of sustainable and scalable production methods, exploring the impact of different substrates and environmental conditions on MC yield. Through understanding these factors, the potential for MCbased materials in various industries can be fully realized, promoting environmental sustainability and innovation in material science.
微生物纤维素（MC）是一种由多种微生物合成的多功能生物材料，具有高拉伸强度、生物相容性和生物可降解性等独特性能。这些特性使 MC 适合应用于生物医学、食品和包装行业。传统上，醋酸纤维菌是生产 MC 的主要来源，但最近的研究发现了其他潜在的微生物生产者，如 Komagataeibacter xylinus、Sarcina ventriculi 和 Rhizobium sp.，它们可提供高效的纤维素合成。本研究回顾了 MC 的多种应用，包括伤口敷料、可食用薄膜和复合材料，并讨论了用于 MC 生产的甘蔗糖蜜和水果废料等具有成本效益的基质。论文强调了可持续和可扩展生产方法的重要性，探讨了不同基质和环境条件对 MC 产量的影响。通过了解这些因素，可以充分发挥 MC 材料在各行各业中的潜力，促进环境的可持续发展和材料科学的创新。
{"title":"Exploring the Versatility and Potential of Microbial Cellulose: Applications, Producers, and Sustainable Production Methods","authors":"S. L","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-6000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-6000301","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial cellulose (MC) is a versatile biomaterial synthesized by various microorganisms, possessing unique properties such as high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These characteristics make MC suitable for applications in biomedical, food, and packaging industries. Traditionally, Acetobacter aceti has been the primary source for MC production, but recent research has identified other potential microbial producers such as Komagataeibacter xylinus, Sarcina ventriculi, and Rhizobium sp., which offer efficient cellulose synthesis. This study reviews the diverse applications of MC, including wound dressings, edible films, and composites, and discusses cost-effective substrates like sugarcane molasses and fruit waste used in MC production. The paper highlights the importance of sustainable and scalable production methods, exploring the impact of different substrates and environmental conditions on MC yield. Through understanding these factors, the potential for MCbased materials in various industries can be fully realized, promoting environmental sustainability and innovation in material science.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"53 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic pollutants reach the aquatic environment through different waste sources such as municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes. The term “organic pollutants” in the present review is considering different types of chemicals including; pesticides, organic matter, dyes and oil spills. The ordinary methods used for remediation of such pollutants from the water environment such as mechanical removal, coagulation, aeration and filtration are defective due to their partial treatment effect in some instances and their high costs in some others. The modification of new, environmentally friend treatment methods are of great concern by abundant environmentalists. Bioremediation is one of new promising techniques that attracting worldwide attention, to completely or partially remove the organic pollutants from the aquatic systems. It is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and suitable for in situ applications. Microbial remediation has been applied to eliminate the toxic and recalcitrant pollutants from the water environment through several mechanisms including biodegradation. This review article provides a survey on the aquatic environment and the main groups of organic pollutants that commonly contaminate it. It also deeply expatiates the multiple applications of microbial bioremediation of such organic pollutants. Moreover, it focuses on some in situ applications of bioremediation technology in some case studies.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Some Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment; the Egyptian and the Global Experiences","authors":"Ewida Ayi","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000302","url":null,"abstract":"Organic pollutants reach the aquatic environment through different waste sources such as municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes. The term “organic pollutants” in the present review is considering different types of chemicals including; pesticides, organic matter, dyes and oil spills. The ordinary methods used for remediation of such pollutants from the water environment such as mechanical removal, coagulation, aeration and filtration are defective due to their partial treatment effect in some instances and their high costs in some others. The modification of new, environmentally friend treatment methods are of great concern by abundant environmentalists. Bioremediation is one of new promising techniques that attracting worldwide attention, to completely or partially remove the organic pollutants from the aquatic systems. It is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and suitable for in situ applications. Microbial remediation has been applied to eliminate the toxic and recalcitrant pollutants from the water environment through several mechanisms including biodegradation. This review article provides a survey on the aquatic environment and the main groups of organic pollutants that commonly contaminate it. It also deeply expatiates the multiple applications of microbial bioremediation of such organic pollutants. Moreover, it focuses on some in situ applications of bioremediation technology in some case studies.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"38 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This brief review explores the burgeoning field of antimicrobial nanofiber coating technologies, poised to redefine the standards of food packaging for enhanced safety and longevity. With the global imperative for reducing food spoilage and extending shelf life, this paper highlights the revolutionary role of nanofibers infused with antimicrobial agents. These cuttingedge coatings promise not only to actively combat microbial growth but also to maintain the sensory and nutritional quality of food products. By integrating insights from recent studies and technological advancements, the review underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, industry experts, and policymakers. The aim is to accelerate the development, scalability, and regulatory approval of these innovative materials, thereby setting a new benchmark for futureproofing food packaging against microbial contamination.
{"title":"A Review of Nanofiber Coating Technology for Future Food Packaging","authors":"Rahman M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000285","url":null,"abstract":"This brief review explores the burgeoning field of antimicrobial nanofiber coating technologies, poised to redefine the standards of food packaging for enhanced safety and longevity. With the global imperative for reducing food spoilage and extending shelf life, this paper highlights the revolutionary role of nanofibers infused with antimicrobial agents. These cuttingedge coatings promise not only to actively combat microbial growth but also to maintain the sensory and nutritional quality of food products. By integrating insights from recent studies and technological advancements, the review underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, industry experts, and policymakers. The aim is to accelerate the development, scalability, and regulatory approval of these innovative materials, thereby setting a new benchmark for futureproofing food packaging against microbial contamination.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"89 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human interventions in natural landscapes have promoted rapid and profound transformations in the environment, generating great impacts at different levels, including on human and animal health. Actions such as deforestation for logging, intensive agriculture, construction of large hydroelectric dams, pastures for cattle, mining, and construction of roads that favor human access to remote areas have promoted habitat destruction, changes in trophic chains due to nutritional factors, loss of biodiversity, changes in the natural balance of vectors, mammals, hosts and pathogen reservoirs, and closer human contact with wildlife. Another important impact related to changes in land use is forest and habitat fragmentation. According to different investigations, anthropogenic actions causing changes in land use are potential inducers of emergence/reemergence and increased transmission of infectious diseases in the world, including those with pandemic potential. Most of these diseases are classified as zoonoses and many are arboviruses. Deforestation and agricultural intensification seem to be the events that most influence the incidence of zoonoses. Changes in land use may also favor a species jump to a zoonotic pathogen, making it a potential threat to humanity if it acquires an efficient capacity for inter-human transmission. Here, we summarize important evidence on how anthropogenic changes in land use influence the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases to humans.
{"title":"Anthropogenic Changes in Land Use Impact the Emergence and Transmission of Infectious Diseases","authors":"Lima-e-Silva Aa","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000283","url":null,"abstract":"Human interventions in natural landscapes have promoted rapid and profound transformations in the environment, generating great impacts at different levels, including on human and animal health. Actions such as deforestation for logging, intensive agriculture, construction of large hydroelectric dams, pastures for cattle, mining, and construction of roads that favor human access to remote areas have promoted habitat destruction, changes in trophic chains due to nutritional factors, loss of biodiversity, changes in the natural balance of vectors, mammals, hosts and pathogen reservoirs, and closer human contact with wildlife. Another important impact related to changes in land use is forest and habitat fragmentation. According to different investigations, anthropogenic actions causing changes in land use are potential inducers of emergence/reemergence and increased transmission of infectious diseases in the world, including those with pandemic potential. Most of these diseases are classified as zoonoses and many are arboviruses. Deforestation and agricultural intensification seem to be the events that most influence the incidence of zoonoses. Changes in land use may also favor a species jump to a zoonotic pathogen, making it a potential threat to humanity if it acquires an efficient capacity for inter-human transmission. Here, we summarize important evidence on how anthropogenic changes in land use influence the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases to humans.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"57 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Messenger RNA vaccines are vaccine that utilizes a small segment of genetic material, messenger RNA (mRNA), to provide instructions to cells to produce a specific protein. This mRNA is synthesized in a laboratory and packaged into lipid nanoparticles, which protect and facilitate its entry into cells for protein synthesis. Upon injection into the muscle of the recipient, the mRNA instructs cells to produce a protein that is displayed on the surface of the cell, triggering an immune response. The immune system then produces antibodies and activates immune cells to target and eliminate the protein, while also generating memory cells to respond quickly in the event of future pathogen encounters. Available mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were developed and authorized for emergency use within a year. These vaccines require extensive cold chain storage, antigen delivery, potential immune response variability optimization, and sophisticated manufacturing process. To improve their effectiveness, stability, and delivery, efforts are underway to explore next-generation mRNA vaccines. Research is focused on enhancing the stability of mRNA vaccines, particularly their temperature sensitivity, to facilitate easier storage and distribution. Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines are also being developed to generate multiple copies of mRNA within cells, potentially leading to a higher production of protein and a stronger immune response. Studies are also exploring new delivery systems using specialized nanoparticles and liposomes to specifically target certain immune cells. Additionally, the development of combination vaccines, including multiple mRNA sequences in single vaccine, is being investigated to protect against multiple strains or variants of particular pathogen simultaneously. Direct delivery of mRNA vaccines into the skin is being explored as a means of enhancing immune response and reducing the required vaccine dose. In summary, messenger RNA vaccines represent a promising new approach to vaccination, with ongoing research aimed at improving their effectiveness, stability, and delivery
{"title":"Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccine Development","authors":"Aga Am","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000275","url":null,"abstract":"Messenger RNA vaccines are vaccine that utilizes a small segment of genetic material, messenger RNA (mRNA), to provide instructions to cells to produce a specific protein. This mRNA is synthesized in a laboratory and packaged into lipid nanoparticles, which protect and facilitate its entry into cells for protein synthesis. Upon injection into the muscle of the recipient, the mRNA instructs cells to produce a protein that is displayed on the surface of the cell, triggering an immune response. The immune system then produces antibodies and activates immune cells to target and eliminate the protein, while also generating memory cells to respond quickly in the event of future pathogen encounters. Available mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were developed and authorized for emergency use within a year. These vaccines require extensive cold chain storage, antigen delivery, potential immune response variability optimization, and sophisticated manufacturing process. To improve their effectiveness, stability, and delivery, efforts are underway to explore next-generation mRNA vaccines. Research is focused on enhancing the stability of mRNA vaccines, particularly their temperature sensitivity, to facilitate easier storage and distribution. Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines are also being developed to generate multiple copies of mRNA within cells, potentially leading to a higher production of protein and a stronger immune response. Studies are also exploring new delivery systems using specialized nanoparticles and liposomes to specifically target certain immune cells. Additionally, the development of combination vaccines, including multiple mRNA sequences in single vaccine, is being investigated to protect against multiple strains or variants of particular pathogen simultaneously. Direct delivery of mRNA vaccines into the skin is being explored as a means of enhancing immune response and reducing the required vaccine dose. In summary, messenger RNA vaccines represent a promising new approach to vaccination, with ongoing research aimed at improving their effectiveness, stability, and delivery","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probiotics are the nonpathogenic and alive bacteria that confer good effects on the host. The important property of probiotics is direct antimicrobial effects, stimulation of immunity, competing for adhesion site, completion for nutrients and improvement in digestion. Since ancient times different fermented dairy products have been used as the main source of probiotic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize lactic acid bacterial strains from different fermented dairy products including yoghurt, cheese, buttermilk and curd. To determine the potentials of probiotics different tests like bile tolerance, salt tolerance, acid tolerance and arginine hydrolysis were performed. In the present study it was observed that all the probiotic isolates were able to grow at low pH (2-6) and they were tolerant against NaCl (2%, 4%, 6%) and bile salt concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%). The probiotic isolates were shown to be arginine-positive as on a white background they displayed a bright orange colour. The growths of probiotic cultures were observed at different temperature i.e 10 °C and 45°C and were able to ferment different types of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose and lactose. The probiotic isolates showed good antimicrobial activities against the four test organisms. The present study showed that the probiotic strains isolated from different fermented dairy products carry antimicrobial property and can be used to control gut microbiota. The observation of the present study showed that dairy products can be used as a good source of potentially probiotic bacteria.
{"title":"Isolation, Identification and Study of Antimicrobial Property of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Dairy Products of Lucknow City","authors":"Upadhyaya S","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000276","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are the nonpathogenic and alive bacteria that confer good effects on the host. The important property of probiotics is direct antimicrobial effects, stimulation of immunity, competing for adhesion site, completion for nutrients and improvement in digestion. Since ancient times different fermented dairy products have been used as the main source of probiotic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize lactic acid bacterial strains from different fermented dairy products including yoghurt, cheese, buttermilk and curd. To determine the potentials of probiotics different tests like bile tolerance, salt tolerance, acid tolerance and arginine hydrolysis were performed. In the present study it was observed that all the probiotic isolates were able to grow at low pH (2-6) and they were tolerant against NaCl (2%, 4%, 6%) and bile salt concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%). The probiotic isolates were shown to be arginine-positive as on a white background they displayed a bright orange colour. The growths of probiotic cultures were observed at different temperature i.e 10 °C and 45°C and were able to ferment different types of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose and lactose. The probiotic isolates showed good antimicrobial activities against the four test organisms. The present study showed that the probiotic strains isolated from different fermented dairy products carry antimicrobial property and can be used to control gut microbiota. The observation of the present study showed that dairy products can be used as a good source of potentially probiotic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metals concentration in fruits samples collected from different super shops were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and potential health risk from the consumption of these fruits was estimated. Mean concentration of Cd, Ni and Zn in the studied fruits samples (Fuji Apple, Green Apple, Red Grape, Green Grape, Pear, Malta and Pomegranate) were within the range of 0.00 to 0.15, 0.17 to 10.78, 3.44 to 19.88 mg/kg for Agora; 0.00 to 0.20, 0.00 to 42.75, 3.20 to 13.40 mg/ kg for Meena Bazaar and 0.00 to 0.15, 0.60 to 18.65, 4.31 to 17.68 mg/kg of dry weight, for Swapno, respectively. Cadmium concentration was the highest in Fuji Apple and Red Grape (0.15 mg/kg) samples, which was higher than MAC value by FAO/ WHO, collected from Swapno. The highest Nickel concentration (42.75 mg/kg) was found in Green Grape, collected from Meena Bazaar, which was 53.44 times higher than MAC value according to FAO/WHO. Mean concentration of metals were found above the maximum allowable limit in most of the fruits though mean Average Daily Intake (ADI) values were below the PMTDI value for all fruits. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values for all metals were below 1.00 which signifies that these fruits were not carcenogenic but continuous consumption of some of high metals containing fruits sold in the market is imposing threat to food security
{"title":"Cadmium, Nickel and Zinc Concentration in Some Common Fruits Samples Collected from Different Super Shops Located in Dhaka City and Probable Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Chamon As","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000278","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals concentration in fruits samples collected from different super shops were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and potential health risk from the consumption of these fruits was estimated. Mean concentration of Cd, Ni and Zn in the studied fruits samples (Fuji Apple, Green Apple, Red Grape, Green Grape, Pear, Malta and Pomegranate) were within the range of 0.00 to 0.15, 0.17 to 10.78, 3.44 to 19.88 mg/kg for Agora; 0.00 to 0.20, 0.00 to 42.75, 3.20 to 13.40 mg/ kg for Meena Bazaar and 0.00 to 0.15, 0.60 to 18.65, 4.31 to 17.68 mg/kg of dry weight, for Swapno, respectively. Cadmium concentration was the highest in Fuji Apple and Red Grape (0.15 mg/kg) samples, which was higher than MAC value by FAO/ WHO, collected from Swapno. The highest Nickel concentration (42.75 mg/kg) was found in Green Grape, collected from Meena Bazaar, which was 53.44 times higher than MAC value according to FAO/WHO. Mean concentration of metals were found above the maximum allowable limit in most of the fruits though mean Average Daily Intake (ADI) values were below the PMTDI value for all fruits. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values for all metals were below 1.00 which signifies that these fruits were not carcenogenic but continuous consumption of some of high metals containing fruits sold in the market is imposing threat to food security","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a significant public health concern, can be brought on by a wide variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The high recurrence rates and evolving antibiotic resistance of uropathogens constitute a serious threat to the financial burden of these disorders. Pathogens in urine can be detected using a variety of diagnostic approaches, which are broadly divided into laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) detection methods. Many research institutions and companies working in this subject have strived to establish rapid and accurate pathogen identification because traditional approaches may be timeconsuming. The indications and symptoms are further divided into the following three groups: (1) General signs and symptoms like fever; (2) lower urinary tract symptoms including urgency, frequency, and dysuria; (3) non-specific signs and symptoms such nausea and malaise. Additionally, the prevalence of UTIs brought on by multidrug resistance (MDR) is rising, which has a considerable negative impact on the propagation of antibiotic resistance as well as the financial burden of these infections
{"title":"Overview of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Bacteria","authors":"Khudhur Hr","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000280","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a significant public health concern, can be brought on by a wide variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The high recurrence rates and evolving antibiotic resistance of uropathogens constitute a serious threat to the financial burden of these disorders. Pathogens in urine can be detected using a variety of diagnostic approaches, which are broadly divided into laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) detection methods. Many research institutions and companies working in this subject have strived to establish rapid and accurate pathogen identification because traditional approaches may be timeconsuming. The indications and symptoms are further divided into the following three groups: (1) General signs and symptoms like fever; (2) lower urinary tract symptoms including urgency, frequency, and dysuria; (3) non-specific signs and symptoms such nausea and malaise. Additionally, the prevalence of UTIs brought on by multidrug resistance (MDR) is rising, which has a considerable negative impact on the propagation of antibiotic resistance as well as the financial burden of these infections","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concerns on the use of insecticides have been in areas of agriculture and human health. Insect pests populating the farms damage crops leading to food insecurity. The use of chemical insecticides to treat insect infestation is quite popular in Nigeria in area of food crop production and in animal and human health management. These chemical insecticides often pose some health challenges to man and animals hence the need for safer bio-pesticides. Microbial insecticides consist of living cells of microorganisms Research method employed was by collection of secondary data from literatures on previous research works done. These include reports, journal articles, seminars, symposia, and conference papers. Literatures were collected online using the Dennis Osadebay University e-library. These organisms are reared using basic microbiological techniques. Mode of action of microbial pesticides is by contact, which is by entering the host through the outer protective covering or the intestine of the insect. These microbes act on the host (insects) either by elimination or by altering some of their physiological functions. They may act directly on the insects or by the action of their toxins. The toxins can be used independently as bioactive substances in place of the microbial species. Microbial insecticides can be applied as sprays, dusts, liquid drenches, liquid concentrates, wet-table powders or granules. The bio-insecticides have the capacity to ensure the safety of humans and other non-target organisms. They leave less or no residue deposits in food and are ecologically friendly.
{"title":"Microbial Pesticides: A Nigerian Perspective on Sustainability of Health and Agriculture","authors":"Onianwah Fi","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000282","url":null,"abstract":"The concerns on the use of insecticides have been in areas of agriculture and human health. Insect pests populating the farms damage crops leading to food insecurity. The use of chemical insecticides to treat insect infestation is quite popular in Nigeria in area of food crop production and in animal and human health management. These chemical insecticides often pose some health challenges to man and animals hence the need for safer bio-pesticides. Microbial insecticides consist of living cells of microorganisms Research method employed was by collection of secondary data from literatures on previous research works done. These include reports, journal articles, seminars, symposia, and conference papers. Literatures were collected online using the Dennis Osadebay University e-library. These organisms are reared using basic microbiological techniques. Mode of action of microbial pesticides is by contact, which is by entering the host through the outer protective covering or the intestine of the insect. These microbes act on the host (insects) either by elimination or by altering some of their physiological functions. They may act directly on the insects or by the action of their toxins. The toxins can be used independently as bioactive substances in place of the microbial species. Microbial insecticides can be applied as sprays, dusts, liquid drenches, liquid concentrates, wet-table powders or granules. The bio-insecticides have the capacity to ensure the safety of humans and other non-target organisms. They leave less or no residue deposits in food and are ecologically friendly.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biocatalysis is known since man knew about brewing which was known since 6000 years. Enzymes from microbial sources were then employed in industries such as production of beer, wine, cheese etc. Nearly 100 years down the lane biocatalysts have been used for chemical transformations. In order to access the repertoire of pharmacological and agrochemicals with high chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity, biocatalysis integrates microbiologists, enzymologists, and organic chemists. The usual chemical approach is challenged by the saturation of carbon-carbon double bonds by biocatalysts, as they avoid the usage of organocatalysts or precious metals (in combination with chiral ligands and molecular hydrogen). Since past 30 years they have been used for the synthesis of valuable fine chemicals especially pharmaceuticals. This review gives a brief about microbial biocatalyst including the photosynthetic blue-green algae.
{"title":"Biocatalyst Potential Candidate for Human Welfare","authors":"Sahu N","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000279","url":null,"abstract":"Biocatalysis is known since man knew about brewing which was known since 6000 years. Enzymes from microbial sources were then employed in industries such as production of beer, wine, cheese etc. Nearly 100 years down the lane biocatalysts have been used for chemical transformations. In order to access the repertoire of pharmacological and agrochemicals with high chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity, biocatalysis integrates microbiologists, enzymologists, and organic chemists. The usual chemical approach is challenged by the saturation of carbon-carbon double bonds by biocatalysts, as they avoid the usage of organocatalysts or precious metals (in combination with chiral ligands and molecular hydrogen). Since past 30 years they have been used for the synthesis of valuable fine chemicals especially pharmaceuticals. This review gives a brief about microbial biocatalyst including the photosynthetic blue-green algae.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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