Microorganisms from marine environments are gaining attention for their idiosyncratic ability to survive in these extreme conditions and been evaluated for their application in bioprospecting. From isolation of enzymes and bioactive compounds possessing peculiar abilities, identification of unique metabolic pathways, to application in health care and bioremediation, extensive study on these organisms is been done with tremendous success. Technological advancement in modern science with regards to Omics technologies integrated with genetic engineering technologies are paving way for isolation of novel organisms and their macromolecules. These bioengineered organisms and enzymes have found their application in industries with high commercial value
{"title":"Bioprospecting of Marine Bacteria for their Diversity and Biotechnological Application","authors":"Chettri D, Verma Ak","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000231","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms from marine environments are gaining attention for their idiosyncratic ability to survive in these extreme conditions and been evaluated for their application in bioprospecting. From isolation of enzymes and bioactive compounds possessing peculiar abilities, identification of unique metabolic pathways, to application in health care and bioremediation, extensive study on these organisms is been done with tremendous success. Technological advancement in modern science with regards to Omics technologies integrated with genetic engineering technologies are paving way for isolation of novel organisms and their macromolecules. These bioengineered organisms and enzymes have found their application in industries with high commercial value","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131122534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathogenic bacteria are causative agent of infectious diseases in fish. Antimicrobials are widely applied in fish products for prevention of fish-borne diseases. The global concern of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria raises attentiveness of the different ways of using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the AMPs from Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the growth of pathogenic bacteria isolated from fish in Ethiopia. Cell Free Supernatants (CFSs) from 4 strains of LAB consisting of lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei, lactobacillus casei LC2W, Pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum were tested against pathogenic bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shigella flexneri via using agar well diffusion assay. All tested CFSs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested fish pathogenic isolates at different extents. CFSs of lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. casei LC2W and lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei showed strong antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella tarda (19 mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (18 mm) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (18 mm) respectively, with the well diffusion assay. The study shows the antimicrobial activity of the 4 strains of LAB CFSs against the bacterial fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities as fish product bio preservative.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Isolated from Yoghurt and Fish against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Fish in Ethiopia","authors":"Dissasa G","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000234","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic bacteria are causative agent of infectious diseases in fish. Antimicrobials are widely applied in fish products for prevention of fish-borne diseases. The global concern of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria raises attentiveness of the different ways of using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the AMPs from Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the growth of pathogenic bacteria isolated from fish in Ethiopia. Cell Free Supernatants (CFSs) from 4 strains of LAB consisting of lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei, lactobacillus casei LC2W, Pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum were tested against pathogenic bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shigella flexneri via using agar well diffusion assay. All tested CFSs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested fish pathogenic isolates at different extents. CFSs of lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. casei LC2W and lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei showed strong antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella tarda (19 mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (18 mm) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (18 mm) respectively, with the well diffusion assay. The study shows the antimicrobial activity of the 4 strains of LAB CFSs against the bacterial fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities as fish product bio preservative.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125532595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is aimed to overview the field of microbiota and endotoxin science and their role in the interaction with innate immune system and pathogenesis of a variety of acute and chronic diseases. The methodology for studying the LPS biological role under clinical conditions created by Russian scientists is based on the ability of LPS blood level reducing tools to increase the patient treatment efficacy. The next findings have been created and formulated: 1. The LPS and stress factors’ involvement to the induction of inflammation, general adaptation syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) condition which represent starting points for the development of multiple organ failure syndrome; 2. The LPS involvement to pathogenesis of broncho-obstructive syndrome, of chronic hepatitis C, AIDS and SARS-COV-2, of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction, of alimentary obesity, septic shock, and/or type 1 diabetes, of autoimmune diseases, etc.; 3. The creation of interdisciplinary definitions of inflammation and sepsis, and introduction into scientific semantics new definitions such as "Systemic Endotoxinemia" (SE) as an obligate homeostasis factor and "Endotoxin Aggression" (EA) as a pre-disease and/or universal factor of disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, it was found that some bacterial preparation have ability to strengthen the intestinal barrier, which appeared to be one of the most significant achievements of current clinical microbiology. The EA prevention and/or endotoxin elimination would become a mandatory component of the treatment and preventive medicine, including delaying aging. The finding that "inflammation as a driving forces of aging" would be considered as one of the most outstanding clinical achievements of the century. It is declared that aging represents “burning of human organism in the flame of inflammation”. It is suggested that a specific anti-endotoxin therapy could be developed to combat the pathogenesis of chronic and acute diseases. There are several approaches to reduce the LPS level in human body for health maintaining. The First International Congress "Intestinal Microbiota: Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Aging" is planned to be held in Russian Federation (not far from City-of-Kazan), from 6-8 September 2024. It may become the first worldwide discussion of the questions and problems raised here in sense of LPS-centered medicine, as well as a generalization of ideas on the role of intestinal endotoxins and stress in adaptation processes and induction of inflammation, inflammaging, and aging
{"title":"Intestinal Microbiota as a Necessary Basis for Homeostasis, General Pathology, and Ageing, or Back to Elia Metchnikov","authors":"Zhdanov Ri","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000236","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed to overview the field of microbiota and endotoxin science and their role in the interaction with innate immune system and pathogenesis of a variety of acute and chronic diseases. The methodology for studying the LPS biological role under clinical conditions created by Russian scientists is based on the ability of LPS blood level reducing tools to increase the patient treatment efficacy. The next findings have been created and formulated: 1. The LPS and stress factors’ involvement to the induction of inflammation, general adaptation syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) condition which represent starting points for the development of multiple organ failure syndrome; 2. The LPS involvement to pathogenesis of broncho-obstructive syndrome, of chronic hepatitis C, AIDS and SARS-COV-2, of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction, of alimentary obesity, septic shock, and/or type 1 diabetes, of autoimmune diseases, etc.; 3. The creation of interdisciplinary definitions of inflammation and sepsis, and introduction into scientific semantics new definitions such as \"Systemic Endotoxinemia\" (SE) as an obligate homeostasis factor and \"Endotoxin Aggression\" (EA) as a pre-disease and/or universal factor of disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, it was found that some bacterial preparation have ability to strengthen the intestinal barrier, which appeared to be one of the most significant achievements of current clinical microbiology. The EA prevention and/or endotoxin elimination would become a mandatory component of the treatment and preventive medicine, including delaying aging. The finding that \"inflammation as a driving forces of aging\" would be considered as one of the most outstanding clinical achievements of the century. It is declared that aging represents “burning of human organism in the flame of inflammation”. It is suggested that a specific anti-endotoxin therapy could be developed to combat the pathogenesis of chronic and acute diseases. There are several approaches to reduce the LPS level in human body for health maintaining. The First International Congress \"Intestinal Microbiota: Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Aging\" is planned to be held in Russian Federation (not far from City-of-Kazan), from 6-8 September 2024. It may become the first worldwide discussion of the questions and problems raised here in sense of LPS-centered medicine, as well as a generalization of ideas on the role of intestinal endotoxins and stress in adaptation processes and induction of inflammation, inflammaging, and aging","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130422866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The negative impacts of Aflatoxins on the economy and health led to investigations for strategies to prevent their contamination in food and feed. Biological methods gained popularity due to its friendliness to both environment and body health. Aim: The aim of this research work is to determine the bio-detoxification potentials of Lactobacillus brevis on Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from fresh raw cow milk. Methodology: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk, the isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and sugar fermentation test. Nine (9) samples were collected from three (3) different sampling sites within Zaria metropolis namely; Dan-Magaji, Kufena and Gabari, three (3) samples each from the sampling sites. The samples were screened for AFM1 contamination using a rapid test kit specific for milk samples (Ring Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Art no.:100004-96T). AFM1 contaminated samples were subjected to HPLC analysis to determine the extent of contamination. Surface binding assay and HPLC analysis were used to quantify the amount of unbound AFM1 in the samples, LAB-AFM1 complex stability testing and recovery of bound AFM1 were also conducted. The result were analysed using ‘ANOVA’ single factor, 2 way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk. All the samples collected were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 at varying concentrations, Lactobacillus brevis isolates were able to bind AFM1 at a range of 36-69%, LAB-AFM1 complex stability was about 63% and 68% of the bound AFM1 was recovered. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this research that lactic acid bacteria can be a good option for reducing the level of AFM1 contamination from milk samples as they are harmless and generally recognized as safe for human consumption.
{"title":"Determination of the Biodetoxification Potentials of Lactobacillus Brevis on Aflatoxin M1 from Fresh Raw Cow Milk within Zaria Metropolis","authors":"M. F.","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The negative impacts of Aflatoxins on the economy and health led to investigations for strategies to prevent their contamination in food and feed. Biological methods gained popularity due to its friendliness to both environment and body health. Aim: The aim of this research work is to determine the bio-detoxification potentials of Lactobacillus brevis on Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from fresh raw cow milk. Methodology: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk, the isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and sugar fermentation test. Nine (9) samples were collected from three (3) different sampling sites within Zaria metropolis namely; Dan-Magaji, Kufena and Gabari, three (3) samples each from the sampling sites. The samples were screened for AFM1 contamination using a rapid test kit specific for milk samples (Ring Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Art no.:100004-96T). AFM1 contaminated samples were subjected to HPLC analysis to determine the extent of contamination. Surface binding assay and HPLC analysis were used to quantify the amount of unbound AFM1 in the samples, LAB-AFM1 complex stability testing and recovery of bound AFM1 were also conducted. The result were analysed using ‘ANOVA’ single factor, 2 way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk. All the samples collected were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 at varying concentrations, Lactobacillus brevis isolates were able to bind AFM1 at a range of 36-69%, LAB-AFM1 complex stability was about 63% and 68% of the bound AFM1 was recovered. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this research that lactic acid bacteria can be a good option for reducing the level of AFM1 contamination from milk samples as they are harmless and generally recognized as safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, an attempt was made to extract antimicrobial substance from the soil isolate of Bacillus subtilis and explore its antimicrobial activity on some selected bacteria. The bacteria were typed using RAPD-PCR method to identify organism to strain level, using 16sr RNA A1A13 specific primers. Results revealed bands of different sizes identical in both strains of Bacillus subtilis. The antimicrobial potential of the soil isolate was determined by disc diffusion assay. The production of antimicrobial compound was recorded maximum at the late exponential growth phase. The filtered concentrate of the crude extract was used to determine antimicrobial activity on some selected gram positive and gram – negative bacteria. Partial purification of the crude extract was carried out using High pressure Liquid chromatography (HPLC), Zymogram analysis and TLC were performed to determine the preliminary biochemical nature. The molecular weight of the antimicrobial peptide was determined to be less than 2.5k Da. The presence of antibiotic Bacilysocin was discovered from the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC of the purified fraction showed (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 10µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The MIC for the gram–negative was 0ug/ml. The crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity only on gram positive selected bacteria strains, while the purified extract showed antimicrobial activity on both the gram-positive and gram-negative with more activity on the gram-positive. The zones of inhibition for crude extract 1 on Staphylococcus auerus were 8.0mm, 5.0mm, 3.0mm, 1.0mm; extract 2: 15.0mm, 10.0mm, 9.0mm, 7.0mm, and 6.0mm, 4.0mm, 3.0mm, 1.0mm respectively for extract 3. for Streptococcus pyogenes the zones of inhibition range from 2.0mm to 9.0mm, for extracts 1 and 2:10.0mm to 3.0m and10.0mm to 1.0mm for extract 3.for the gram negative test organisms, the zones of inhibition were 0.0mm for all the extracts tested against it.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Potentials of Bacillus Subtilis Isolated from Soil and Water","authors":"Dike-Ndudim Jn","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000228","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an attempt was made to extract antimicrobial substance from the soil isolate of Bacillus subtilis and explore its antimicrobial activity on some selected bacteria. The bacteria were typed using RAPD-PCR method to identify organism to strain level, using 16sr RNA A1A13 specific primers. Results revealed bands of different sizes identical in both strains of Bacillus subtilis. The antimicrobial potential of the soil isolate was determined by disc diffusion assay. The production of antimicrobial compound was recorded maximum at the late exponential growth phase. The filtered concentrate of the crude extract was used to determine antimicrobial activity on some selected gram positive and gram – negative bacteria. Partial purification of the crude extract was carried out using High pressure Liquid chromatography (HPLC), Zymogram analysis and TLC were performed to determine the preliminary biochemical nature. The molecular weight of the antimicrobial peptide was determined to be less than 2.5k Da. The presence of antibiotic Bacilysocin was discovered from the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC of the purified fraction showed (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 10µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The MIC for the gram–negative was 0ug/ml. The crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity only on gram positive selected bacteria strains, while the purified extract showed antimicrobial activity on both the gram-positive and gram-negative with more activity on the gram-positive. The zones of inhibition for crude extract 1 on Staphylococcus auerus were 8.0mm, 5.0mm, 3.0mm, 1.0mm; extract 2: 15.0mm, 10.0mm, 9.0mm, 7.0mm, and 6.0mm, 4.0mm, 3.0mm, 1.0mm respectively for extract 3. for Streptococcus pyogenes the zones of inhibition range from 2.0mm to 9.0mm, for extracts 1 and 2:10.0mm to 3.0m and10.0mm to 1.0mm for extract 3.for the gram negative test organisms, the zones of inhibition were 0.0mm for all the extracts tested against it.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare condition but its contribution to total acute encephalitis syndrome cases has been observed to increase in recent years. The cause of auto immune encephalitis is due to the presence of antibodies against intracellular or extracellular receptors of neurons. Out of these receptors extracellular receptors are very important for which different options of medication and therapies are adopted. In this article a brief overview regarding treatment options available to clinicians have been discussed.
{"title":"Recent Treatment Therapies for Autoimmune Encephalitis","authors":"P. P","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000221","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare condition but its contribution to total acute encephalitis syndrome cases has been observed to increase in recent years. The cause of auto immune encephalitis is due to the presence of antibodies against intracellular or extracellular receptors of neurons. Out of these receptors extracellular receptors are very important for which different options of medication and therapies are adopted. In this article a brief overview regarding treatment options available to clinicians have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131136172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Door locks are frequently touched with hands and can act as vehicles of disease transmission. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and evaluate the presence or absence of microorganisms present on door locks of washrooms or toilets in private universities in order to take the necessary remedial measures. The study will analyse swabs samples from different departments within the university campus. Sterile swabs will be firmly pressed on the various door handles up and down, left and right, and diagonally. Samples collected will be cultured and incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Isolation and identification of bacteria will be done using a standard microbial procedure. A number of colonies will be isolated in this study based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The levels of contamination will vary depending on the traffic exposure and the environment. The following are some of the organisms that we shall look forward to isolate: Staphylococcus species, Protease species and E.coli.
{"title":"Study of the Presence of Microorganisms in Washroom Door Locks of UEA, Baraton as a Prime Factor to Infectious Diseases in Kenya","authors":"Andere Dm","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000224","url":null,"abstract":"Door locks are frequently touched with hands and can act as vehicles of disease transmission. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify and evaluate the presence or absence of microorganisms present on door locks of washrooms or toilets in private universities in order to take the necessary remedial measures. The study will analyse swabs samples from different departments within the university campus. Sterile swabs will be firmly pressed on the various door handles up and down, left and right, and diagonally. Samples collected will be cultured and incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Isolation and identification of bacteria will be done using a standard microbial procedure. A number of colonies will be isolated in this study based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The levels of contamination will vary depending on the traffic exposure and the environment. The following are some of the organisms that we shall look forward to isolate: Staphylococcus species, Protease species and E.coli.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116852133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In SARS COV-2 pandemic, the healthcare facilities are the most actively functioning setups which are the critical (microbiologically) areas. Due to these facilities patients were benefitted but during this time many health care providers suffered from nosocomial infection and many were complaining about the spread of nosocomial infection. Hospitals and healthcare facilities are easy place for contacting with infection, but the spread of infection should be stopped by taking proper disinfection measures.
{"title":"Nosocomial Infection in SARS COV-2 Pandemic","authors":"P. P","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000222","url":null,"abstract":"In SARS COV-2 pandemic, the healthcare facilities are the most actively functioning setups which are the critical (microbiologically) areas. Due to these facilities patients were benefitted but during this time many health care providers suffered from nosocomial infection and many were complaining about the spread of nosocomial infection. Hospitals and healthcare facilities are easy place for contacting with infection, but the spread of infection should be stopped by taking proper disinfection measures.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air, soil and water resources of our world are contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) via agricultural, urban, industrial, mining and smelting human activities which are threatening human health causing various human health issues such as sleeping disorders, kidney damage, tubular damage in various human organs, stomach cancer, heart diseases, brain damage and various neurological disorders, lung damage, anxiety/depression, etc. Various physio-chemical and biological decontamination mechanisms and strategies are being proposed for decontamination purposes, involving habitat-adapted plants growing on such contaminated sites and their rhizosphere associated microbiota, i.e. Phyto degradations or breakdown of HMs by Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised by plant-root tissues and their associated symbiotic microbiota including Plant Growth Promoting Microbes (PGPM) and universal and ubiquitous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Nano-Mycorrhizo-PhytoRemediation-NMPR). This phenomenon has recently attracted much research attention and it could be adapted for a variety of environments with no added cost or any special requirements to remediate land and water ecosystems, including indoor closed areas like high rise buildings, Gardens, and Parks, aquaria, etc. Plants growing in the HM-contaminated soil or water ecosystems and their root-associated microbiota offer an environmentally green-clean technology for air, soil and water purification and bio-decontamination measures. This short review discusses the use of plants and their root associated microbiota as a novel line of inquiry, i.e. use of ecofriendly bio-tools for bio-decontamination of heavy metal contaminated ecosystems and their role in the context of human health.
{"title":"Role of Rhizosphere Microbiota of Plants Growing in Heavy Metal Contaminated Environments as Ecofriendly Decontamination Bio-Tools and their Role in the Context of Human Health – A Short Review","authors":"Khan Ag","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000220","url":null,"abstract":"Air, soil and water resources of our world are contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) via agricultural, urban, industrial, mining and smelting human activities which are threatening human health causing various human health issues such as sleeping disorders, kidney damage, tubular damage in various human organs, stomach cancer, heart diseases, brain damage and various neurological disorders, lung damage, anxiety/depression, etc. Various physio-chemical and biological decontamination mechanisms and strategies are being proposed for decontamination purposes, involving habitat-adapted plants growing on such contaminated sites and their rhizosphere associated microbiota, i.e. Phyto degradations or breakdown of HMs by Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised by plant-root tissues and their associated symbiotic microbiota including Plant Growth Promoting Microbes (PGPM) and universal and ubiquitous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Nano-Mycorrhizo-PhytoRemediation-NMPR). This phenomenon has recently attracted much research attention and it could be adapted for a variety of environments with no added cost or any special requirements to remediate land and water ecosystems, including indoor closed areas like high rise buildings, Gardens, and Parks, aquaria, etc. Plants growing in the HM-contaminated soil or water ecosystems and their root-associated microbiota offer an environmentally green-clean technology for air, soil and water purification and bio-decontamination measures. This short review discusses the use of plants and their root associated microbiota as a novel line of inquiry, i.e. use of ecofriendly bio-tools for bio-decontamination of heavy metal contaminated ecosystems and their role in the context of human health.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121516995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly in recent years, motivated especially by COVID-19. Candida yeasts are responsible for most of these infections. This commensal yeast is easily found in the oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. Under certain circumstances, when there is a disruption of the biological balance, there may be an increase in the multiplication and invasion of host tissues by these microorganisms. The expression of certain virulence factors such as polymorphism, adhesins, proteases and phospholipases and the formation of microbial biofilms, facilitate tissue penetration and confer greater pathogenicity to these yeasts. This mini-review provides information on the current state of knowledge about virulence, including antifungal resistance of Candida species.
{"title":"Candida Species Survival Strategies: New Approaches","authors":"Dias Vc","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000226","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly in recent years, motivated especially by COVID-19. Candida yeasts are responsible for most of these infections. This commensal yeast is easily found in the oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. Under certain circumstances, when there is a disruption of the biological balance, there may be an increase in the multiplication and invasion of host tissues by these microorganisms. The expression of certain virulence factors such as polymorphism, adhesins, proteases and phospholipases and the formation of microbial biofilms, facilitate tissue penetration and confer greater pathogenicity to these yeasts. This mini-review provides information on the current state of knowledge about virulence, including antifungal resistance of Candida species.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127517697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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