Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (T. aestivum spp., aestivum L.) worldwide. The disease is pervasive and economically significant throughout Ethiopia's wheat-growing regions. Naturally susceptible wheat cultivars of STB disease were found in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia, where incidence (98%) and severity (97%) of the disease, as well as yield loss (41%), were documented. This disease has been managed using a variety of techniques, including cultural control, chemical control, and genetic controls have been utilized to control this disease and subsequently reduce yield losses. The lack of information on the diversity of diseases worldwide and in Ethiopia now hampers the screening and selection of wheat genotypes for disease resistance. In this review, wheat septoria disease management and molecular breeding approaches in Ethiopia were assessed.
{"title":"Wheat Septoria Disease Management and Molecular Breeding Approaches in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Abdisa Ll","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000273","url":null,"abstract":"Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (T. aestivum spp., aestivum L.) worldwide. The disease is pervasive and economically significant throughout Ethiopia's wheat-growing regions. Naturally susceptible wheat cultivars of STB disease were found in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia, where incidence (98%) and severity (97%) of the disease, as well as yield loss (41%), were documented. This disease has been managed using a variety of techniques, including cultural control, chemical control, and genetic controls have been utilized to control this disease and subsequently reduce yield losses. The lack of information on the diversity of diseases worldwide and in Ethiopia now hampers the screening and selection of wheat genotypes for disease resistance. In this review, wheat septoria disease management and molecular breeding approaches in Ethiopia were assessed.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this current research, samples of domestic and imported onions were collected from wholesale markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and their heavy metal concentrations were measured. Several health issues could arise from eating onions, according to estimations. After being randomly selected, prepared, and analyzed, samples from onions were used to assess whether contaminants such as heavy metals were present using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean readings for chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in the native and imported onion samples ranged from 0.00 to 6.24., 4.78 to 21.61, 0.00 to 37.00, 31.75 to 70.16 mg kg-1, and from 0.00 to 17.93, 3.64 to 17.04, 0.00 to 26.00, 10.97 to 42.72 mg kg-1, respectively. For the majority of the samples of foreign onions, the ADI values of Pb were higher than the PMTDI. Most onion samples had Hazard Index values higher than 1, indicating a risk in the future to human health (carcinogenic) from these onions intake.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Concentrations in Commonly Sold Onions (Allium Cepa) and Probable Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Chamon As","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000268","url":null,"abstract":"In this current research, samples of domestic and imported onions were collected from wholesale markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and their heavy metal concentrations were measured. Several health issues could arise from eating onions, according to estimations. After being randomly selected, prepared, and analyzed, samples from onions were used to assess whether contaminants such as heavy metals were present using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean readings for chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in the native and imported onion samples ranged from 0.00 to 6.24., 4.78 to 21.61, 0.00 to 37.00, 31.75 to 70.16 mg kg-1, and from 0.00 to 17.93, 3.64 to 17.04, 0.00 to 26.00, 10.97 to 42.72 mg kg-1, respectively. For the majority of the samples of foreign onions, the ADI values of Pb were higher than the PMTDI. Most onion samples had Hazard Index values higher than 1, indicating a risk in the future to human health (carcinogenic) from these onions intake.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This outbreak case with an unidentified etiological agent on caprine mortality was reported from Amhara Regional State, West Gojam zone, Dembecha district in February 2023 with the objective of investigating and determining the cause of the caprine death. During a clinical examination, the goat displayed seizures, lateral recumbency, and appetite loss. Additionally, paddling, convulsions, and unconsciousness were observed, which signs of a central nervous system disease. The case for coenurosis cerebralis has been established based on the clinical signs and the presence of certain hosts in the area. The brain was examined postmortem in order to confirm the diagnosis further. Cysts were found during necropsy in the left hemisphere's occipital lobe. The cysts were filled with a clear fluid, and the inner layer of the cysts had several clusters of scolice growing out of it. Larval form of Taenia multiceps, known as Coenurus cerebralis, is found in the small intestines of dogs and other carnivores in the wild. Worldwide, coenurosis is endemic, and it is particularly prevalent in Ethiopia's highlands, where there are many sheep. Commonly occurs in the life cycle of dogs and small ruminants. The larvae of this parasite are found in the brain and spinal cord of intermediate hosts, while the adult stage of the parasite lives in the small intestine of dogs, foxes, coyotes, and jackals. The definitive host becomes infected when it eats the brain or tissue become infected when the dog eats the brain containing the Coenurus cyst, which then develops into Taenia multiceps and begins to pass proglottids containing eggs on pasture. If a person accidentally consumes a parasite egg, they become infected with coenurosis. The primary method of controlling coenurosis is the regular administration of canine anthelmintics and the proper disposal of sheep and goat brain.
{"title":"A Case Report of Coenurus Cerebralis in a Goat at Dembecha District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Umer Aa","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000272","url":null,"abstract":"This outbreak case with an unidentified etiological agent on caprine mortality was reported from Amhara Regional State, West Gojam zone, Dembecha district in February 2023 with the objective of investigating and determining the cause of the caprine death. During a clinical examination, the goat displayed seizures, lateral recumbency, and appetite loss. Additionally, paddling, convulsions, and unconsciousness were observed, which signs of a central nervous system disease. The case for coenurosis cerebralis has been established based on the clinical signs and the presence of certain hosts in the area. The brain was examined postmortem in order to confirm the diagnosis further. Cysts were found during necropsy in the left hemisphere's occipital lobe. The cysts were filled with a clear fluid, and the inner layer of the cysts had several clusters of scolice growing out of it. Larval form of Taenia multiceps, known as Coenurus cerebralis, is found in the small intestines of dogs and other carnivores in the wild. Worldwide, coenurosis is endemic, and it is particularly prevalent in Ethiopia's highlands, where there are many sheep. Commonly occurs in the life cycle of dogs and small ruminants. The larvae of this parasite are found in the brain and spinal cord of intermediate hosts, while the adult stage of the parasite lives in the small intestine of dogs, foxes, coyotes, and jackals. The definitive host becomes infected when it eats the brain or tissue become infected when the dog eats the brain containing the Coenurus cyst, which then develops into Taenia multiceps and begins to pass proglottids containing eggs on pasture. If a person accidentally consumes a parasite egg, they become infected with coenurosis. The primary method of controlling coenurosis is the regular administration of canine anthelmintics and the proper disposal of sheep and goat brain.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Acute malnutrition is a primary health concern among vulnerable children. The objective of this work is to know the nutritional status of the 321 children of these vulnerable children and to assess their infectious states. Methodology: Smart nutritional survey according to a list drawn up by the community services of the Town Hall. Follow-up of a biological analysis of the stools with the Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the germ involved. Statistical processing with Smart software. Results: Rate of acute malnutrition in Z-scores: Prevalence of global acute malnutrition of: (29) 9.03%. With: (17) 5.29% moderate and (12) 3.73% severe. Rate of acute malnutrition as a percentage of the median. Prevalence of global acute malnutrition: (12) 3.73% with (8) 2.49% moderate and (4) 1.24% severe plus edema. Chronic malnutrition rate in Z-scores. Prevalence of global chronic malnutrition: (91) 28.34%. Shigella sonnei DNA alone was found in 20 (6.2%) children. Malnutrition-shigellosis copathology was found in 120 (37.4%) of these children. A total of 140 (43.6%) cases of Shigella sonnei DNA detected (P = 1.4). Conclusion: Among the 321 vulnerable children, malnutrition was a reality against the backdrop of bloody Shigella sonnei dysentery. Contracted during the various gatherings.
{"title":"Assessment of the Nutritional and Infectious Status of Vulnerable Children Consulted at Beyla Hospital, Guinea","authors":"Sangare M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000269","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute malnutrition is a primary health concern among vulnerable children. The objective of this work is to know the nutritional status of the 321 children of these vulnerable children and to assess their infectious states. Methodology: Smart nutritional survey according to a list drawn up by the community services of the Town Hall. Follow-up of a biological analysis of the stools with the Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the germ involved. Statistical processing with Smart software. Results: Rate of acute malnutrition in Z-scores: Prevalence of global acute malnutrition of: (29) 9.03%. With: (17) 5.29% moderate and (12) 3.73% severe. Rate of acute malnutrition as a percentage of the median. Prevalence of global acute malnutrition: (12) 3.73% with (8) 2.49% moderate and (4) 1.24% severe plus edema. Chronic malnutrition rate in Z-scores. Prevalence of global chronic malnutrition: (91) 28.34%. Shigella sonnei DNA alone was found in 20 (6.2%) children. Malnutrition-shigellosis copathology was found in 120 (37.4%) of these children. A total of 140 (43.6%) cases of Shigella sonnei DNA detected (P = 1.4). Conclusion: Among the 321 vulnerable children, malnutrition was a reality against the backdrop of bloody Shigella sonnei dysentery. Contracted during the various gatherings.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
North East India, with its unique geographical and cultural characteristics, bears a significant burden of infectious diseases. This mini review provides an overview of the prevalent infectious diseases in the region, highlighting the highest disease burden and the most endemic diseases. Malaria emerges as a major public health concern, with frequent outbreaks and substantial morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever, tuberculosis, Japanese encephalitis, Chikungunya, rickettsia diseases, waterborne enteric infections, hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS are also prevalent in the region. Challenges such as rugged terrain, limited transportation infrastructure, limited healthcare infrastructure, inadequate diagnostics, socio-economic factors and sharing of international border with four neighboring countries etc hinder disease control efforts. Strengthening vector control, improving diagnostics, expanding healthcare access, and raising community awareness are crucial strategies for reducing the burden of infectious diseases. Surveillance and research efforts are needed to enhance understanding and control of these diseases. Febrile illness like Scrub typhus stands out as the most endemic disease in the hilly regions, characterized by high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality, and a lack of knowledge about its epidemiology and impact. Active surveillance is crucial to better understand the burden and distribution of the disease and address the challenges in the region.
{"title":"Burden of Infectious Diseases in North East India: A Mini-Review","authors":"Jakharia A","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000270","url":null,"abstract":"North East India, with its unique geographical and cultural characteristics, bears a significant burden of infectious diseases. This mini review provides an overview of the prevalent infectious diseases in the region, highlighting the highest disease burden and the most endemic diseases. Malaria emerges as a major public health concern, with frequent outbreaks and substantial morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever, tuberculosis, Japanese encephalitis, Chikungunya, rickettsia diseases, waterborne enteric infections, hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS are also prevalent in the region. Challenges such as rugged terrain, limited transportation infrastructure, limited healthcare infrastructure, inadequate diagnostics, socio-economic factors and sharing of international border with four neighboring countries etc hinder disease control efforts. Strengthening vector control, improving diagnostics, expanding healthcare access, and raising community awareness are crucial strategies for reducing the burden of infectious diseases. Surveillance and research efforts are needed to enhance understanding and control of these diseases. Febrile illness like Scrub typhus stands out as the most endemic disease in the hilly regions, characterized by high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality, and a lack of knowledge about its epidemiology and impact. Active surveillance is crucial to better understand the burden and distribution of the disease and address the challenges in the region.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess the contamination load in vegetables and its possible human health hazards, heavy metals concentration (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in vegetables grown in the vicinity of the studied tannery area were determined. Health risk due to the consumption of vegetables was calculated from the metal concentration of the studied vegetables and the study signifies more potential to cause health hazard (cancer) (Hazard Index>1). The present study indicated that concentrations of Cr in the vegetable species were within the range of 7.5-9.75, 5.38-10.14, 25.5-28.5 and 2.65 mg kg-1 of dry weight (DW), in bottle gourd fruit, bottle gourd shoot, kalmi shoot, and red amaranth, which was above the MPL (1-2 mg/kg). The findings revealed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn,) exceeded the MPL in most of the measured vegetables because of higher translocation from the source to edible parts. For the majority of the samples, the ADI values of Cr and Pb were higher than the PMTDI. Open dumping of tannery wastes and effluents, and tanning activities involve serious environmental hazards. Adequate preventive measures should be taken in tannery industrial activities with a view to ensuring a safe, sound, and healthy environment for the greater benefit of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Assessing the Human Health Risk from Heavy MetalContaminated Vegetables Grown Close to the Tannery Industrial Area Using the Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ)","authors":"Chamon As","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000274","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the contamination load in vegetables and its possible human health hazards, heavy metals concentration (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in vegetables grown in the vicinity of the studied tannery area were determined. Health risk due to the consumption of vegetables was calculated from the metal concentration of the studied vegetables and the study signifies more potential to cause health hazard (cancer) (Hazard Index>1). The present study indicated that concentrations of Cr in the vegetable species were within the range of 7.5-9.75, 5.38-10.14, 25.5-28.5 and 2.65 mg kg-1 of dry weight (DW), in bottle gourd fruit, bottle gourd shoot, kalmi shoot, and red amaranth, which was above the MPL (1-2 mg/kg). The findings revealed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn,) exceeded the MPL in most of the measured vegetables because of higher translocation from the source to edible parts. For the majority of the samples, the ADI values of Cr and Pb were higher than the PMTDI. Open dumping of tannery wastes and effluents, and tanning activities involve serious environmental hazards. Adequate preventive measures should be taken in tannery industrial activities with a view to ensuring a safe, sound, and healthy environment for the greater benefit of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A living organism is considered a genetically modified organism (GMO) when a new foreign DNA segment or transgene is inserted into it to create a new trait. The field of biotechnology is currently developing at a rapid pace, with more traits and applications emerging every day. Due to concerns about the environment and living organisms, societies have not yet accepted this technology. Countries adhere to a strict biosafety protocol to reduce their fear of this issue and detect DNA and GMO protein molecules using a variety of mechanisms to ensure biotechnology products are free of foreign material or contain it at a level below the threshold, if it is present. Based on the quantity and quality of DNA and protein in these samples, these detections are made. Quantitative detection is crucial for determining the GMO threshold for each sample. The DNA-based detection of GMOs using various PCRs, either qualitatively or quantitatively is one of these detection techniques. The second most popular technique for determining how much a protein is expressed in a side organism is protein-based detection. DNA microarray, biosensors, chromatography, and DNA sequencing can all be used to find GMOs. The availability of accurate and sensitive GMO detection techniques allows us to control the presence of GMOs in crops, foods, and ingredient sources.
{"title":"Detection Methods of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS): Review","authors":"Gidi M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000265","url":null,"abstract":"A living organism is considered a genetically modified organism (GMO) when a new foreign DNA segment or transgene is inserted into it to create a new trait. The field of biotechnology is currently developing at a rapid pace, with more traits and applications emerging every day. Due to concerns about the environment and living organisms, societies have not yet accepted this technology. Countries adhere to a strict biosafety protocol to reduce their fear of this issue and detect DNA and GMO protein molecules using a variety of mechanisms to ensure biotechnology products are free of foreign material or contain it at a level below the threshold, if it is present. Based on the quantity and quality of DNA and protein in these samples, these detections are made. Quantitative detection is crucial for determining the GMO threshold for each sample. The DNA-based detection of GMOs using various PCRs, either qualitatively or quantitatively is one of these detection techniques. The second most popular technique for determining how much a protein is expressed in a side organism is protein-based detection. DNA microarray, biosensors, chromatography, and DNA sequencing can all be used to find GMOs. The availability of accurate and sensitive GMO detection techniques allows us to control the presence of GMOs in crops, foods, and ingredient sources.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a world where food consumption is rising, climate change poses a severe danger to feeding a growing population. Previously, increased agricultural output was achieved by using fertilizer and insecticides for improved weed and pest control. However, these techniques rely on exhaustible resources and are frequently unstable. Current developments in advanced genetics are paving the door for long-term agricultural intensification and greater global warming crop adaptability. The amount of quality genomic information accessible has been rapidly increasing as a result of the widespread usage of genome sequencing technology. The increasing availability of genomic data has facilitated the shift to plant pan-genomics, allowing researchers to easily know the diversity and available traits for crop improvement and cultivar development. These advancements enhance genomic-assisted breeding, which allows for the quick engagement of candidate genes in climatic conditions and agricultural characteristics, enabling the development of resilient crops.
{"title":"Advances in Genomics: Crops Adapting to Climate Change","authors":"Gidi M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000264","url":null,"abstract":"In a world where food consumption is rising, climate change poses a severe danger to feeding a growing population. Previously, increased agricultural output was achieved by using fertilizer and insecticides for improved weed and pest control. However, these techniques rely on exhaustible resources and are frequently unstable. Current developments in advanced genetics are paving the door for long-term agricultural intensification and greater global warming crop adaptability. The amount of quality genomic information accessible has been rapidly increasing as a result of the widespread usage of genome sequencing technology. The increasing availability of genomic data has facilitated the shift to plant pan-genomics, allowing researchers to easily know the diversity and available traits for crop improvement and cultivar development. These advancements enhance genomic-assisted breeding, which allows for the quick engagement of candidate genes in climatic conditions and agricultural characteristics, enabling the development of resilient crops.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124220825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world's population demand and animal output are significantly out of balance. Although traditional breeding techniques have been successful in selecting animal populations for a variety of traits with economic significance, the reliability of breeding value has always been in doubt. According to simulation and experiment data, genomic selection for young animals without own performance can predict breeding values with good accuracy. Genetic markers that cover the entire genome are employed in genomic selection, a sort of marker-assisted selection, to ensure that all loci for quantitative traits are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. Early animal selection enables the development of innovative breeding techniques that increase genetic advancement while decreasing costs. The future of animal breeding companies lies in genomic selection, which increases genetic gain by reducing genetic interval and enhancing reliability. To regulate long-term genetic gain and increase the precision of genomic estimated value, more study is needed. An overview of the developments in genomic selection and its use in animal breeding was the goal of this paper.
{"title":"Applications of Genomic Selection in Animal Breeding; Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Borawake Sk","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000263","url":null,"abstract":"The world's population demand and animal output are significantly out of balance. Although traditional breeding techniques have been successful in selecting animal populations for a variety of traits with economic significance, the reliability of breeding value has always been in doubt. According to simulation and experiment data, genomic selection for young animals without own performance can predict breeding values with good accuracy. Genetic markers that cover the entire genome are employed in genomic selection, a sort of marker-assisted selection, to ensure that all loci for quantitative traits are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. Early animal selection enables the development of innovative breeding techniques that increase genetic advancement while decreasing costs. The future of animal breeding companies lies in genomic selection, which increases genetic gain by reducing genetic interval and enhancing reliability. To regulate long-term genetic gain and increase the precision of genomic estimated value, more study is needed. An overview of the developments in genomic selection and its use in animal breeding was the goal of this paper.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The different types of wastes viz., food, electronic, household, medical, etc. accumulate in large amount. The electronic waste is a serious problem which needs an urgent solution. The chemical process has disadvantages which is costly and causes soil and water pollution. Bioleaching using the microorganisms is a two-step process which can be used for the management of electronic wastes. The bioleaching is economical, eco-friendly and easy process in this. Bioleaching which is a biological process is very important. It is a sustainable approach. The metals leached during bioleaching can be used for making of precious jewellery and ornaments.
{"title":"Bioleaching - Eco-Friendly Approach for Management of Electronic Waste","authors":"G. A","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000259","url":null,"abstract":"The different types of wastes viz., food, electronic, household, medical, etc. accumulate in large amount. The electronic waste is a serious problem which needs an urgent solution. The chemical process has disadvantages which is costly and causes soil and water pollution. Bioleaching using the microorganisms is a two-step process which can be used for the management of electronic wastes. The bioleaching is economical, eco-friendly and easy process in this. Bioleaching which is a biological process is very important. It is a sustainable approach. The metals leached during bioleaching can be used for making of precious jewellery and ornaments.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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