From the time when December 2019, humanity has been in front of a corona virus pandemic caused by seafood demand from Wuhan, China. The disease was given the name neonatal corona virus (n-CoV), with bats were identified as the solution's pool. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ailment quickly spread throughout China and the rest of the globe, eventually becoming a pandemic through a growing figure of cases with a elevated death speed. After preventing the virus from spreading, China reacted with lockdowns and subsequently stringent control measures. The use of need over specific immunizations previously impeded treatment for the most severe patients. Vaccine development or manufacture is a time-consuming procedure that can only be carried out with worldwide cooperation. In terms of antiviral and antibiotic medications, many supporting treatment options arose to the proper surface in imitation fixtures. An increased death rate was verified in mature, gentleman, and resistance-covered up patients among co-morbidities. A quick recovery can be aided by health literacy, a strong immune system, enough blood fractions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D, and a healthy lifestyle. According to the booth, the antibiotic blockage demands were met by enhancing the current technology antimicrobials rather than educating nosocomial infections for outlook occurrences. Plant-biosynthesis on nanoparticles with antiseptics can also aid in the fight against resistance and lift rate.COVID-19 prevalence may be negatively associated to BCG vaccination, humidity, malaria endemicity and later dead heat, but not immediately with latitude. Recommendations are closely adhered to in order to cover the COVID-19 coverage area.
{"title":"Longevity Prevalence Regarding Covid-19","authors":"E. W.","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000225","url":null,"abstract":"From the time when December 2019, humanity has been in front of a corona virus pandemic caused by seafood demand from Wuhan, China. The disease was given the name neonatal corona virus (n-CoV), with bats were identified as the solution's pool. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ailment quickly spread throughout China and the rest of the globe, eventually becoming a pandemic through a growing figure of cases with a elevated death speed. After preventing the virus from spreading, China reacted with lockdowns and subsequently stringent control measures. The use of need over specific immunizations previously impeded treatment for the most severe patients. Vaccine development or manufacture is a time-consuming procedure that can only be carried out with worldwide cooperation. In terms of antiviral and antibiotic medications, many supporting treatment options arose to the proper surface in imitation fixtures. An increased death rate was verified in mature, gentleman, and resistance-covered up patients among co-morbidities. A quick recovery can be aided by health literacy, a strong immune system, enough blood fractions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D, and a healthy lifestyle. According to the booth, the antibiotic blockage demands were met by enhancing the current technology antimicrobials rather than educating nosocomial infections for outlook occurrences. Plant-biosynthesis on nanoparticles with antiseptics can also aid in the fight against resistance and lift rate.COVID-19 prevalence may be negatively associated to BCG vaccination, humidity, malaria endemicity and later dead heat, but not immediately with latitude. Recommendations are closely adhered to in order to cover the COVID-19 coverage area.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127168863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoonotic infectious diseases are common in societies where poverty is widespread, and where people rely on animals for their livelihood, that severely hinders livestock productivity and human health worldwide, particularly in the developing world and have been historically neglected by decision makers over the decades. WHO has identified a subgroup of eight endemic or neglected zoonotic diseasesanthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, Taenia solium cysticercosis, hydatid disease, leishmaniasis, rabies, and human African trypanosomiasis.
{"title":"Brucella Infection: A Major Public Health Concern","authors":"Kasarla Rr","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000227","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic infectious diseases are common in societies where poverty is widespread, and where people rely on animals for their livelihood, that severely hinders livestock productivity and human health worldwide, particularly in the developing world and have been historically neglected by decision makers over the decades. WHO has identified a subgroup of eight endemic or neglected zoonotic diseasesanthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, Taenia solium cysticercosis, hydatid disease, leishmaniasis, rabies, and human African trypanosomiasis.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115549278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) is a common vegetable crop with a wide range of culinary utilization worldwide. In horticultural practices, inoculating the planting medium with a beneficial microbial consortium is a novel approach to cultivating highquality, healthy plants with abundant nutrition. In the following study, inoculation of a selected microbial consortium consisting of PGPR (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Fraturia, Azospirillum, and Bacillus spp.) and glycoprotein producing AM fungi (Aculospora logula-15%, Glomus fasciculatum-20%, Glomus intraradices-40%, Gigaspora margarita-15%, and Scutellospora heterogama-10%) was inoculated to the planting medium in beds to raise capsicum plants in a low cost protected cultivation. Plant height, stem girth, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant parameters to be considered in the study. Mycorrhizal root colonization, macro, and micronutrient uptake, and quality yield, were increased the most with multiple microbial inoculations. Treatments revealed that plants inoculated with the multiple microbial consortia increased substantially faster than plants treated with chemical fertilizer (100 % RDF) and control. Maximum yield (742.5 q ha-1) was recorded in treatment Absolute’s consortium PGPR+ AM Fungi along with maximum values of shelf life (7.10 DAS), TSS (Brix0 5.63), the number of fruit/plant (8.20), fruit length (8.5cm), fruit diameter (7. 81cm) and fruit weight (224g) as compared with control and other biological treatments. The best treatment with respect to projected yield was Absolute consortium PGPR + AM fungi followed by control. Based on the various growth and microbiological parameters studied, it was concluded that inoculation with the multiple microbial consortia (Absolute consortium PGPR+AM fungi) was beneficial for raising healthy, vigorously growing capsicum plants under low-cost protected conditions.
{"title":"Productivity and Quality of Horticultural Crop Capsicum (Capsicum Annum L) Through Co-Inoculation of Novel Microbial Consortium Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Glycoprotein Producing AM Fungi and Chemical Fertilizer under Low-Cost Protected Cultivation","authors":"P. K","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000223","url":null,"abstract":"Capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) is a common vegetable crop with a wide range of culinary utilization worldwide. In horticultural practices, inoculating the planting medium with a beneficial microbial consortium is a novel approach to cultivating highquality, healthy plants with abundant nutrition. In the following study, inoculation of a selected microbial consortium consisting of PGPR (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Fraturia, Azospirillum, and Bacillus spp.) and glycoprotein producing AM fungi (Aculospora logula-15%, Glomus fasciculatum-20%, Glomus intraradices-40%, Gigaspora margarita-15%, and Scutellospora heterogama-10%) was inoculated to the planting medium in beds to raise capsicum plants in a low cost protected cultivation. Plant height, stem girth, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant parameters to be considered in the study. Mycorrhizal root colonization, macro, and micronutrient uptake, and quality yield, were increased the most with multiple microbial inoculations. Treatments revealed that plants inoculated with the multiple microbial consortia increased substantially faster than plants treated with chemical fertilizer (100 % RDF) and control. Maximum yield (742.5 q ha-1) was recorded in treatment Absolute’s consortium PGPR+ AM Fungi along with maximum values of shelf life (7.10 DAS), TSS (Brix0 5.63), the number of fruit/plant (8.20), fruit length (8.5cm), fruit diameter (7. 81cm) and fruit weight (224g) as compared with control and other biological treatments. The best treatment with respect to projected yield was Absolute consortium PGPR + AM fungi followed by control. Based on the various growth and microbiological parameters studied, it was concluded that inoculation with the multiple microbial consortia (Absolute consortium PGPR+AM fungi) was beneficial for raising healthy, vigorously growing capsicum plants under low-cost protected conditions.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122459053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fecal indicator bacteria are widely used to determine the quality of water in conjunction with the use of physicochemical parameters. Water sample were collected from five seawater stations along the Gaza city beach were sampled fortnightly for eight months from January to August 2021. Samples were collected at five locations along the sea coastline in the Gaza City and analyzed for the microbiological parameters (total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci) as well as the physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, BOD, O2, nitrate, ammonia, and EC). The results showed statistically significant correlation between microbiological and physiochemical parameters. Furthermore, the result demonstrated that Al-shate (Location 4) is the most polluted Location, as indicated by the highest geometric mean of the fecal indicator bacteria, in which the majority of samples were poor (highly polluted). In conclusion, the current study highlights a significant pollution in most sites investigated along the Gaza city coastline. Further study should be done along Gaza strip beaches to investigate the entire coastline of the Gaza strip as well as to detect the trends in the seawater quality.
{"title":"Recreational Seawater Quality of the Northern Region of Gaza Strip Beaches","authors":"Dakka Haa","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000229","url":null,"abstract":"Fecal indicator bacteria are widely used to determine the quality of water in conjunction with the use of physicochemical parameters. Water sample were collected from five seawater stations along the Gaza city beach were sampled fortnightly for eight months from January to August 2021. Samples were collected at five locations along the sea coastline in the Gaza City and analyzed for the microbiological parameters (total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci) as well as the physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, BOD, O2, nitrate, ammonia, and EC). The results showed statistically significant correlation between microbiological and physiochemical parameters. Furthermore, the result demonstrated that Al-shate (Location 4) is the most polluted Location, as indicated by the highest geometric mean of the fecal indicator bacteria, in which the majority of samples were poor (highly polluted). In conclusion, the current study highlights a significant pollution in most sites investigated along the Gaza city coastline. Further study should be done along Gaza strip beaches to investigate the entire coastline of the Gaza strip as well as to detect the trends in the seawater quality.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133695776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root-knot nematodes are economically important obligate parasites of plant root that parasitize more than 3000 species of plant. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are well known as strong producers for wide range of organic acids that have been suggested recently to possess a remarkable lethal effect on root-knot nematodes. In the present ‘study’ 37 LAB strains were isolated from soil and agricultural wastes by using MRS medium and screened for their nematicidal activity under lab conditions. Four bacterial isolates, recorded lethal effect on second stage juveniles by more than 94%, were selected and identified by molecular method. Further, the nematicidal activity at two concentrations (i.e 50 and 10%) of the most promising ten LAB cultures was screened. The nematicidal activity of LAB was positively correlated to the concentration of their suspension cultures.2S4 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558270), 2S5 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558883), 3S1 (Pediococcus pentosaceusMW558885) and 1A3 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558152) isolates showed significant mortality effect by 88.42, 87.37, 81.05 and 85.96%at the low concentration (10%), respectively. In order to confirm the relationship between organic acid production by LAB and their nematicidal activity, an artificial succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, and their mixtures were tested at concentration of 1% for their ability to inhibit juvenilesvitality. The mixture of acids induced the maximum mortality effect by 100% followed by lactic acid which recorded 99.66% mortality effect. The microscopic studies and the malformation pattern of the juveniles indicating that the nematicidal activity of LAB may be derived mainly from their natural organic acids mainly lactic acid.
{"title":"Nematicidal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Root-Knot Nematodes","authors":"Ibrahim Dss","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000216","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes are economically important obligate parasites of plant root that parasitize more than 3000 species of plant. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are well known as strong producers for wide range of organic acids that have been suggested recently to possess a remarkable lethal effect on root-knot nematodes. In the present ‘study’ 37 LAB strains were isolated from soil and agricultural wastes by using MRS medium and screened for their nematicidal activity under lab conditions. Four bacterial isolates, recorded lethal effect on second stage juveniles by more than 94%, were selected and identified by molecular method. Further, the nematicidal activity at two concentrations (i.e 50 and 10%) of the most promising ten LAB cultures was screened. The nematicidal activity of LAB was positively correlated to the concentration of their suspension cultures.2S4 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558270), 2S5 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558883), 3S1 (Pediococcus pentosaceusMW558885) and 1A3 (Pediococcus pentosaceus MW558152) isolates showed significant mortality effect by 88.42, 87.37, 81.05 and 85.96%at the low concentration (10%), respectively. In order to confirm the relationship between organic acid production by LAB and their nematicidal activity, an artificial succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, and their mixtures were tested at concentration of 1% for their ability to inhibit juvenilesvitality. The mixture of acids induced the maximum mortality effect by 100% followed by lactic acid which recorded 99.66% mortality effect. The microscopic studies and the malformation pattern of the juveniles indicating that the nematicidal activity of LAB may be derived mainly from their natural organic acids mainly lactic acid.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116262550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Propolis, which is produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as an immune system enhancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in propolis products worldwide; fortunately, various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis components. In preclinical studies, propolis promoted immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α Propolis has also shown promise as an aid in the treatment of several of the comorbidities that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. In this mini review, we summarize the potential role of COVID-19 treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Antiviral Effects of Propolis against SARS-COV 2","authors":"Harfouch Rm","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000210","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis, which is produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as an immune system enhancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in propolis products worldwide; fortunately, various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis components. In preclinical studies, propolis promoted immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α Propolis has also shown promise as an aid in the treatment of several of the comorbidities that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. In this mini review, we summarize the potential role of COVID-19 treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128232034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chilli is an important commercial crop with high economic importance and basil is an important medical plant used in ayurvedic medicine with many pharmacological uses. Inoculation of the planting medium with beneficial microbial consortia is an innovative approach to produce healthy and quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was carried out to determine the influence of the two microbial consortia Bacillus sonorensis + Funneliformis mosseae on chilli and Pantoea dispersa + Funneliformis monosporus on basil seedlings (based on earlier studies) grown in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as length of shoot, stem diameter, biovolume index, plant strength, vigour index, dry weight and nutrient uptake were analyzed 60 days after sowing. The results brought out that the growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly more compared to uninoculated seedlings. It was concluded that inoculating the substrate in pro trays with selected microbial consortia results in producing healthy, vigorously growing chilli and basil seedlings.
{"title":"Inoculation with Selected Microbial Consortia Promotes Growth of Chilli and Basil Seedlings Raised In Pro Trays","authors":"Bagyaraj Dj","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000217","url":null,"abstract":"Chilli is an important commercial crop with high economic importance and basil is an important medical plant used in ayurvedic medicine with many pharmacological uses. Inoculation of the planting medium with beneficial microbial consortia is an innovative approach to produce healthy and quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was carried out to determine the influence of the two microbial consortia Bacillus sonorensis + Funneliformis mosseae on chilli and Pantoea dispersa + Funneliformis monosporus on basil seedlings (based on earlier studies) grown in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as length of shoot, stem diameter, biovolume index, plant strength, vigour index, dry weight and nutrient uptake were analyzed 60 days after sowing. The results brought out that the growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly more compared to uninoculated seedlings. It was concluded that inoculating the substrate in pro trays with selected microbial consortia results in producing healthy, vigorously growing chilli and basil seedlings.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133911764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rhizosphere is the thin region of the soil that is directly affected by secretion from the roots and the microbes accompanying the soil, known as the root microbiome. The rhizosphere involving the pores of the soil includes many beneficial bacteria and other diverse microorganisms. The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season at the Lasalgaon taluka of Nashik district farmers’ field, Maharashtra, India, to determine the influence of biofertilizers on onion. To study the effect of five combinations of biofertilizers compared with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizers on cash crop onion cv. Nashik Red. The treatments were control (100% RRF), Azotobacter + AM fungi, Azospirillum + AM fungi, Azotobacter + Azospirillum, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + AM fungi and Bio consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Height (64.24 ± 3.22 cm) and the number of leaves (13.58 ± 3.12) of the plant was maximum with the application of the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. The maximum leaf area (84.45 ± 2.44 cm2) was recorded in T6 and the minimum in T4 (82.45 ± 2.25). Different doses of onion plants inoculated with biofertilizers showed a significant increase in quality parameters such as neck thickness (1.12 ± 0.22cm), bulb diameter (14.45 ± 0.53cm), bulb size index (19.45 to ± 0.51 cm2), bulb weight (68.15 ± 2.27g), bulb length (6.21 to ± 1.48 cm), bulb scale (11.23 ± 1.23) was maximum in the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi treated onion. Biofertilizers such as consortium treatments such as consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi resulted in a better morphological character, quality yield, TSS, starch, reduction sugar, quercetin contents among root colonization of mycorrhizae compared to the uninoculated control (100% RRF). The consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi and 100% RRF provided a maximum bulb length of 6.21 ± 1.48cm and 6.12 ± 1.59cm, respectively. The maximum number of scales per bulb (11.23 ± 1.23) was counted by the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Plants treated with the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi produced the maximum bulb weight (68.15 ± 2.27g) and the minimum (64.23 ± 2.39 g) in Azotobacter + Azospirillum. The maximum TSS (13.354 %) was noticed in T6 and the minimum in T3. The maximum percentage of starch (6.65%) and the highest percentage of reducing sugars (1.98%) were detected by Azotobacter + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Total pooled weight loss (%) up to 60 days was found to be minimal (11.87%) by Azotobacter + AM fungi followed by Azotobacter + Azospirillum (14.40%). The maximum colonization of mycorrhizae (79.9%) was recorded in the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi and the minimum in the control (46.67%). It was therefore concluded that the combination of the consortium (NPK bioinoculum) + Azospirillum + AM fungi are improved for onion quality and productivity than the others in terms of sustainable production and environmental consideration.
{"title":"Influence of PGPR, AM Fungi and Conventional Chemical Fertilizers Armament on Growth, Yield Quality, Nutrient’s translocations and Quercetin Content in Onion Crop Cultivated in Semi-Arid Region of India","authors":"P. K","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000214","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere is the thin region of the soil that is directly affected by secretion from the roots and the microbes accompanying the soil, known as the root microbiome. The rhizosphere involving the pores of the soil includes many beneficial bacteria and other diverse microorganisms. The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season at the Lasalgaon taluka of Nashik district farmers’ field, Maharashtra, India, to determine the influence of biofertilizers on onion. To study the effect of five combinations of biofertilizers compared with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizers on cash crop onion cv. Nashik Red. The treatments were control (100% RRF), Azotobacter + AM fungi, Azospirillum + AM fungi, Azotobacter + Azospirillum, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + AM fungi and Bio consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Height (64.24 ± 3.22 cm) and the number of leaves (13.58 ± 3.12) of the plant was maximum with the application of the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. The maximum leaf area (84.45 ± 2.44 cm2) was recorded in T6 and the minimum in T4 (82.45 ± 2.25). Different doses of onion plants inoculated with biofertilizers showed a significant increase in quality parameters such as neck thickness (1.12 ± 0.22cm), bulb diameter (14.45 ± 0.53cm), bulb size index (19.45 to ± 0.51 cm2), bulb weight (68.15 ± 2.27g), bulb length (6.21 to ± 1.48 cm), bulb scale (11.23 ± 1.23) was maximum in the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi treated onion. Biofertilizers such as consortium treatments such as consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi resulted in a better morphological character, quality yield, TSS, starch, reduction sugar, quercetin contents among root colonization of mycorrhizae compared to the uninoculated control (100% RRF). The consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi and 100% RRF provided a maximum bulb length of 6.21 ± 1.48cm and 6.12 ± 1.59cm, respectively. The maximum number of scales per bulb (11.23 ± 1.23) was counted by the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Plants treated with the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi produced the maximum bulb weight (68.15 ± 2.27g) and the minimum (64.23 ± 2.39 g) in Azotobacter + Azospirillum. The maximum TSS (13.354 %) was noticed in T6 and the minimum in T3. The maximum percentage of starch (6.65%) and the highest percentage of reducing sugars (1.98%) were detected by Azotobacter + Azospirillum + AM fungi. Total pooled weight loss (%) up to 60 days was found to be minimal (11.87%) by Azotobacter + AM fungi followed by Azotobacter + Azospirillum (14.40%). The maximum colonization of mycorrhizae (79.9%) was recorded in the consortium (NPK) + Azospirillum + AM fungi and the minimum in the control (46.67%). It was therefore concluded that the combination of the consortium (NPK bioinoculum) + Azospirillum + AM fungi are improved for onion quality and productivity than the others in terms of sustainable production and environmental consideration.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Several prophylactic vac¬cines against COVID-19 have already been developed in various countries. However, general community knowledge, attitudes and practice towards COVID-19 vaccinations are needed to investigate. Thus, the study aimed to investigate community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Sudan. Methodology: prospective, cross sectional, online survey study through a self-administered questionnaire was carried out during the period between March 2021 to August 2021 in Khartoum, Sudan among 3310 Sudanese participants. The questionnaire included informed consent along with five sections (i.e., socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes, Behavior toward COVID-19 national prevention guidelines and vaccine acceptance) was utilized during data collection. Results: The majority of the participants were female (64.35%). More than half (55.92%) of the participants were Adult (>25years). The majority of the respondents are knowledgeable about the approved COVID-19 vaccines (55.55%). The study also revealed that majority of respondents was believed that COVID-19 vaccination could not protect them from infection with COVID-19 (58.70%). The majority of the respondents are knowledgeable about the approved COVID-19 vaccines (55.55%). Conclusions: The findings reflect Good knowledge but more negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among the general population Sudan. Before and during vaccine rollout, practical ways to eliminate vaccination barriers in Sudanese populations must be implemented, including effective communication and supervision.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice towards COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross Sectional Community Survey in Sudan","authors":"Mhmoud Na","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several prophylactic vac¬cines against COVID-19 have already been developed in various countries. However, general community knowledge, attitudes and practice towards COVID-19 vaccinations are needed to investigate. Thus, the study aimed to investigate community knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Sudan. Methodology: prospective, cross sectional, online survey study through a self-administered questionnaire was carried out during the period between March 2021 to August 2021 in Khartoum, Sudan among 3310 Sudanese participants. The questionnaire included informed consent along with five sections (i.e., socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes, Behavior toward COVID-19 national prevention guidelines and vaccine acceptance) was utilized during data collection. Results: The majority of the participants were female (64.35%). More than half (55.92%) of the participants were Adult (>25years). The majority of the respondents are knowledgeable about the approved COVID-19 vaccines (55.55%). The study also revealed that majority of respondents was believed that COVID-19 vaccination could not protect them from infection with COVID-19 (58.70%). The majority of the respondents are knowledgeable about the approved COVID-19 vaccines (55.55%). Conclusions: The findings reflect Good knowledge but more negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among the general population Sudan. Before and during vaccine rollout, practical ways to eliminate vaccination barriers in Sudanese populations must be implemented, including effective communication and supervision.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from Otammiri River in Owerri, Imo State. The organism was isolated using nutrient agar and identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. The isolate produced violacein pigment on nutrient broth and the violacein produced was quantified and extracted with ethanol. The effects of different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, 30°C, 37°C, 40°C, 52°C), pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0), incubation period (12hr, 24hr, 36hr, 48hr, 60hr, 72hr, 84hr, 96hr), carbon sources (dextrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch), nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, yeast extract, beef extract, peptone) on violacein production by C violaceum isolated were examined. Antibacterial activity of gram negative and gram positive organisms was done and the MIC of violacein was determined. The amount of violacein produced by C violaceum was 34.98mg/l. The production of violacein was increased with increase in temperature reaching its maximum value at 37°C. The optimum pH and incubation time for the production of violacein from the isolate were pH 6.5 and 72hr. Glucose and yeast extracts were most efficient carbon and nitrogen sources for the violacein production from C violaceum isolated. The violacein was highly sensitive to S aureus and Escherichia coli with inhibition zone of 15mm resistant to Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no inhibition zone. This study revealed that violacein has antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and provides knowledge of factors influencing the production of violacein. It also revealed the MIC of violacein and the MBC against different bacteria. The findings from this work could be of interest and suggest the need for further investigations in terms of toxicological studies and purification of active components with a view to using violacein in novel drug development.
{"title":"Studies on Production and In Vitro Antibacterial Potentials of Violacein from Chromobacterium Violaceum Isolated from Otamiri River in Owerri, Imo State","authors":"Dike-Ndudim Jn","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000215","url":null,"abstract":"Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from Otammiri River in Owerri, Imo State. The organism was isolated using nutrient agar and identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. The isolate produced violacein pigment on nutrient broth and the violacein produced was quantified and extracted with ethanol. The effects of different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, 30°C, 37°C, 40°C, 52°C), pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0), incubation period (12hr, 24hr, 36hr, 48hr, 60hr, 72hr, 84hr, 96hr), carbon sources (dextrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch), nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, yeast extract, beef extract, peptone) on violacein production by C violaceum isolated were examined. Antibacterial activity of gram negative and gram positive organisms was done and the MIC of violacein was determined. The amount of violacein produced by C violaceum was 34.98mg/l. The production of violacein was increased with increase in temperature reaching its maximum value at 37°C. The optimum pH and incubation time for the production of violacein from the isolate were pH 6.5 and 72hr. Glucose and yeast extracts were most efficient carbon and nitrogen sources for the violacein production from C violaceum isolated. The violacein was highly sensitive to S aureus and Escherichia coli with inhibition zone of 15mm resistant to Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no inhibition zone. This study revealed that violacein has antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms and provides knowledge of factors influencing the production of violacein. It also revealed the MIC of violacein and the MBC against different bacteria. The findings from this work could be of interest and suggest the need for further investigations in terms of toxicological studies and purification of active components with a view to using violacein in novel drug development.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126780480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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