Presented study attempted to evaluate the Microbiological contamination of some selected syrups and suspensions sold in Katsina metropolis. This study was conducted in Biological sciences laboratory Al-qalam University Katsina between the months of November 2021 to January 2022. Eighteen different types of oral liquid drugs (9 syrups and 9 suspensions) manufactured in different pharmaceutical industries of Nigeria were microbiologically examined using standard cultural and biochemical methods. All the samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungi with a maximum load of 103 cfu/ml among all samples were exceeded the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) limit (<102 cfu/ml). While the presences bacteria including; E.coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., were found to be presences in almost all samples, (the former of E.coli in 11 syrups and suspension samples, the Salmonella spp. in 3 suspension samples and the Shigella spp. In 8 suspensions). Existence of microorganisms in the oral liquid samples might explain the treatment complicacy of the diseased children. A routine microbiological study of such drugs is thus suggested.
{"title":"Evaluation of Microbiological Contamination of Some Selected Syrups and Suspentions Solid in Katsina Metropolis","authors":"A. M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000253","url":null,"abstract":"Presented study attempted to evaluate the Microbiological contamination of some selected syrups and suspensions sold in Katsina metropolis. This study was conducted in Biological sciences laboratory Al-qalam University Katsina between the months of November 2021 to January 2022. Eighteen different types of oral liquid drugs (9 syrups and 9 suspensions) manufactured in different pharmaceutical industries of Nigeria were microbiologically examined using standard cultural and biochemical methods. All the samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungi with a maximum load of 103 cfu/ml among all samples were exceeded the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) limit (<102 cfu/ml). While the presences bacteria including; E.coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., were found to be presences in almost all samples, (the former of E.coli in 11 syrups and suspension samples, the Salmonella spp. in 3 suspension samples and the Shigella spp. In 8 suspensions). Existence of microorganisms in the oral liquid samples might explain the treatment complicacy of the diseased children. A routine microbiological study of such drugs is thus suggested.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134251305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer is the one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. The cancer evolves over a longer period of time and can be screened by different laboratory tests. In developed countries although the rate of incidence and mortality has been reduced, in developing countries the incidence rate still remains high. A large number of factors have been reported that promote the risk of cervical cancer. Some host factors play crucial role in the induction of the malignant transformation. These include micro RNAs that have known to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in tumors of cervical cancer. Certain high throughput technologies have generated data on miRNAs that are significant in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The data has been investigated extensively with the help of tools of bioinformatics for identification of potential biomarkers of cervical cancer. In the current article, we aim to discuss the properties of the tools of bioinformatics that have paved the research on cervical cancer. It is concluded that there is a need of development of large number and various types of tools of bioinformatics facilitating identification of potential biomarkers of cervical cancer for early diagnosis and better treatment regimen.
{"title":"Role of Bioinformatics in Identifying Potential Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer","authors":"G. P","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000252","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is the one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. The cancer evolves over a longer period of time and can be screened by different laboratory tests. In developed countries although the rate of incidence and mortality has been reduced, in developing countries the incidence rate still remains high. A large number of factors have been reported that promote the risk of cervical cancer. Some host factors play crucial role in the induction of the malignant transformation. These include micro RNAs that have known to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in tumors of cervical cancer. Certain high throughput technologies have generated data on miRNAs that are significant in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The data has been investigated extensively with the help of tools of bioinformatics for identification of potential biomarkers of cervical cancer. In the current article, we aim to discuss the properties of the tools of bioinformatics that have paved the research on cervical cancer. It is concluded that there is a need of development of large number and various types of tools of bioinformatics facilitating identification of potential biomarkers of cervical cancer for early diagnosis and better treatment regimen.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121814743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Oncogenic processes of ATL are highly complicated, and there is an enigma that the HTLV-1-derived proteins Tax and HBZ may not play major roles in completion of its oncogenesis. Thus several models of multistep oncogenesis have been proposed. In this review, first, the multistep oncogenesis models of ATL were concisely presented. Then, additional oncogenic events in host cells, probably independent of Tax and HBZ, were summarized. In particular, importance of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/carbon anhydrase IX (CA9) axis and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/HIF/CA9 axis at the final stage of its oncogenesis was discussed.
{"title":"Essential Role of Carbon Anhydrase IX, Activated Via the Nuclear Factor-κB and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways, In Multistep Oncogenesis of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Caused by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1","authors":"Sakitani M","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000256","url":null,"abstract":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Oncogenic processes of ATL are highly complicated, and there is an enigma that the HTLV-1-derived proteins Tax and HBZ may not play major roles in completion of its oncogenesis. Thus several models of multistep oncogenesis have been proposed. In this review, first, the multistep oncogenesis models of ATL were concisely presented. Then, additional oncogenic events in host cells, probably independent of Tax and HBZ, were summarized. In particular, importance of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/carbon anhydrase IX (CA9) axis and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/HIF/CA9 axis at the final stage of its oncogenesis was discussed.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125130636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fresh fruit juices are very important components of the human diet and there is considerable evidence of the health and nutritional benefits associated with the consumption. However, during processing contaminants from raw materials, equipment or food handlers could be easily transferred to the final product of fruit juices resulting in food borne illnesses. This community-based study was conducted in Wolaita sodo town using both laboratory experiments and questionnaire. The aim of the study was to assess the bacteriological quality and safety of locally prepared unpasteurized fruit juices from fruit juice houses in Wolaita sodo town. The questionnaire was used to assess source of fruit, way of processing and handling of fruit juices. The total viable bacterial count of avocado and mango ranged between 2.05x105 - 5x105 cfu/ml and 1x105 - 3x105 cfu/ ml, respectively. The total Staphylococcus counts from avocado and mango were between 2 x105 - 4x105 cfu/ml and 2.1x105 - 2.75x105 cfu/ml, respectively. The total coliform counts of avocado and mango were found to be 1.15x105 - 3.25x105 and 1x105 - 3 x105 cfu/ml, respectively. From a total of 72 samples, 13.8%, of the avocado and 5.55% of the mango samples were detected positive for Staphylococcus aureus whereas Escherichia coli were found in 11% of avocado and 5.55% of mango samples. None of the mango samples were positive for Streptococcus spp and Shigella spp while these species were detected in avocado with 2.77% and 5.55%, respectively. The chemical treatment using 0.1% sodium benzoate was the most effective in reducing total viable bacterial count followed by lemon squeeze. All of the pathogenic bacteria were found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, and almost all were sensitive to erythromycin and ceftriaxone. Most venders obtained fruits from the open market and most juice makers lacked training in food hygiene and safety.
{"title":"Bacteriological Quality and Safety Analysis of Fruit Juices in Some Selected Fruit Juice Houses in Wolaita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"A. C.","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000249","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh fruit juices are very important components of the human diet and there is considerable evidence of the health and nutritional benefits associated with the consumption. However, during processing contaminants from raw materials, equipment or food handlers could be easily transferred to the final product of fruit juices resulting in food borne illnesses. This community-based study was conducted in Wolaita sodo town using both laboratory experiments and questionnaire. The aim of the study was to assess the bacteriological quality and safety of locally prepared unpasteurized fruit juices from fruit juice houses in Wolaita sodo town. The questionnaire was used to assess source of fruit, way of processing and handling of fruit juices. The total viable bacterial count of avocado and mango ranged between 2.05x105 - 5x105 cfu/ml and 1x105 - 3x105 cfu/ ml, respectively. The total Staphylococcus counts from avocado and mango were between 2 x105 - 4x105 cfu/ml and 2.1x105 - 2.75x105 cfu/ml, respectively. The total coliform counts of avocado and mango were found to be 1.15x105 - 3.25x105 and 1x105 - 3 x105 cfu/ml, respectively. From a total of 72 samples, 13.8%, of the avocado and 5.55% of the mango samples were detected positive for Staphylococcus aureus whereas Escherichia coli were found in 11% of avocado and 5.55% of mango samples. None of the mango samples were positive for Streptococcus spp and Shigella spp while these species were detected in avocado with 2.77% and 5.55%, respectively. The chemical treatment using 0.1% sodium benzoate was the most effective in reducing total viable bacterial count followed by lemon squeeze. All of the pathogenic bacteria were found to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, and almost all were sensitive to erythromycin and ceftriaxone. Most venders obtained fruits from the open market and most juice makers lacked training in food hygiene and safety.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"14 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132580595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Trichoderma is a diverse group of free-living fungi in the family Hypocreaceae (class Ascomycetes), that are living at different ecosystems in a wide range of climatic zones and that can be found all over the globe. The common ecological nich of the genus Trichoderma includes Natural soils, Decaying wood, Agricultural Habitats, Endophytes and mushroom related substrates. Trichoderma classified base on their morphological and cultural characteristics, conidiophore structure as well as the size of conidia. Now adays, molecularmethods including DNA fingerprinting and sequence analysis of multiple genes (ITS1- 5.8 rDNA-ITS2 and genes encoding translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) as well as some specific molecular databases have been used for taxonomic classification of this fungi. Trichodermahave been used agriculture biological control of plant diseases and as plant growth promoter, in industry as sources of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes used in different industries, in human health producer of secondary metabolites that have clinical importance and in enviromt they are as a potential biodegrader of toxic compounds and soil bioremediation.Therefore, this review article presented the ecological diversiy, taxonomic classification and application of genus Trichoderma.
{"title":"The Genues Trichoderma: Ecologicological Diversity, Taxonomic Classification and Its Agricultural, Human Health, Industrial and Environmental Applications","authors":"A. T.","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000251","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Trichoderma is a diverse group of free-living fungi in the family Hypocreaceae (class Ascomycetes), that are living at different ecosystems in a wide range of climatic zones and that can be found all over the globe. The common ecological nich of the genus Trichoderma includes Natural soils, Decaying wood, Agricultural Habitats, Endophytes and mushroom related substrates. Trichoderma classified base on their morphological and cultural characteristics, conidiophore structure as well as the size of conidia. Now adays, molecularmethods including DNA fingerprinting and sequence analysis of multiple genes (ITS1- 5.8 rDNA-ITS2 and genes encoding translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) as well as some specific molecular databases have been used for taxonomic classification of this fungi. Trichodermahave been used agriculture biological control of plant diseases and as plant growth promoter, in industry as sources of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes used in different industries, in human health producer of secondary metabolites that have clinical importance and in enviromt they are as a potential biodegrader of toxic compounds and soil bioremediation.Therefore, this review article presented the ecological diversiy, taxonomic classification and application of genus Trichoderma.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122021700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vigna trilobata was one of the important forage crops cultivated regularly in South India. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana this crop was raised regularly as either intercrop or on margins of the crop fields. The nodules from V. trilobata plants raised in earthen pots filled with soils from different districts of A. P and Telangana were collected for the morphological studies. The total number of nodules per plant ranged from 98 to 253. Maximum number of nodules per plant of more than 200 was recorded in plants from Guntur and Khammam district plants. The characteristic pink colored root nodules were recorded in the plants collected from Krishna district soils. Brown colored nodules with white stripes were recorded in the nodules collected from Vizag, East and West Godavari, Khammam and Krishna district soils. Majority of the nodules are either Globose or round in shape. The highest leg-haemoglobin content in the nodule was 520µg/g in plants collected from Khammam at 90 DAS.
{"title":"Studies on Nodulation Diversity and Leg Haemoglobin Content of Vigna Trilobata (L.) Verde. Cultivars from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States","authors":"Kumar Gk","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000247","url":null,"abstract":"Vigna trilobata was one of the important forage crops cultivated regularly in South India. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana this crop was raised regularly as either intercrop or on margins of the crop fields. The nodules from V. trilobata plants raised in earthen pots filled with soils from different districts of A. P and Telangana were collected for the morphological studies. The total number of nodules per plant ranged from 98 to 253. Maximum number of nodules per plant of more than 200 was recorded in plants from Guntur and Khammam district plants. The characteristic pink colored root nodules were recorded in the plants collected from Krishna district soils. Brown colored nodules with white stripes were recorded in the nodules collected from Vizag, East and West Godavari, Khammam and Krishna district soils. Majority of the nodules are either Globose or round in shape. The highest leg-haemoglobin content in the nodule was 520µg/g in plants collected from Khammam at 90 DAS.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"451 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single Cell Oils (SCO) is of profound interest for a variety of purposes ranging from biofuels to nutritional adjuvants, pharmaceutical applications and biotransformation for valuable products. A number of microorganisms have been shown to produce and accumulate SCO. In the present study a methodical attempt was made to isolate potential SCO producers from Indian water sources. Saltwater samples from the Arabian Sea and freshwater samples from an Indian cold-water river (Pindhari River, Uttarakhand) were collected and studied for the occurrence of lipid producing microbes. Of the several isolates shortlisted as lipid producers three isolates from this study were identified as potential SCO producers based on their lipid producing abilities. The types of fatty acids comprising the SCO from selected isolates were studied by Gas Chromatography (GC) and confirmed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Lipid profiles from the GC analysis showed that the isolates in this study produced economically and nutritionally valuable Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) like Palmitoleic acid and Oleic acid. Also, two isolates from the Arabian Sea were seen to produce a valuable omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) like Eicosapentanoic acid. While a freshwater isolate produced Linoleic acid an omega-6 PUFA. Selected isolates were characterized for their biochemical characteristics and identified molecularly by 16S rRNA sequencing. Ornithinibacillus sp. Marseille-P3601 strain isolated in our study from the cold-water River Pindhari, Uttarakhand is found capable of producing PUFA.
{"title":"Production of Single Cell Oils from Bacterial Sources","authors":"Masurkar Aak","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000255","url":null,"abstract":"Single Cell Oils (SCO) is of profound interest for a variety of purposes ranging from biofuels to nutritional adjuvants, pharmaceutical applications and biotransformation for valuable products. A number of microorganisms have been shown to produce and accumulate SCO. In the present study a methodical attempt was made to isolate potential SCO producers from Indian water sources. Saltwater samples from the Arabian Sea and freshwater samples from an Indian cold-water river (Pindhari River, Uttarakhand) were collected and studied for the occurrence of lipid producing microbes. Of the several isolates shortlisted as lipid producers three isolates from this study were identified as potential SCO producers based on their lipid producing abilities. The types of fatty acids comprising the SCO from selected isolates were studied by Gas Chromatography (GC) and confirmed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Lipid profiles from the GC analysis showed that the isolates in this study produced economically and nutritionally valuable Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) like Palmitoleic acid and Oleic acid. Also, two isolates from the Arabian Sea were seen to produce a valuable omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) like Eicosapentanoic acid. While a freshwater isolate produced Linoleic acid an omega-6 PUFA. Selected isolates were characterized for their biochemical characteristics and identified molecularly by 16S rRNA sequencing. Ornithinibacillus sp. Marseille-P3601 strain isolated in our study from the cold-water River Pindhari, Uttarakhand is found capable of producing PUFA.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130777181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An innovative nanobiotechnological express method for the detection of metabolically active microorganisms is proposed. The method is based on the inherent feature of microbial cells to generate metal nanoparticles during their metabolic activity in the process of reducing cations added in the system. The resulting nanoparticles are a new solid crystalline phase and can be detected with high accuracy by various physical methods. The technique was successfully tested and proved to be effective in the study of microbial activity in both samples from various cold ecosystems and pure psychoactive cultures from the genera Cryobacterium Methylophilus, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus. This methodology can be used in ecology for monitoring the ecological state of natural ecosystems, in biotechnology for screening active samples when isolating industrially important microorganisms, and in astrobiology for identifying living metabolizing microbial cells in extraterrestrial environments
{"title":"Nanobiotechnological Method for Studying Metabolically Active Natural Microbial Communities","authors":"Skladnev Da","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000240","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative nanobiotechnological express method for the detection of metabolically active microorganisms is proposed. The method is based on the inherent feature of microbial cells to generate metal nanoparticles during their metabolic activity in the process of reducing cations added in the system. The resulting nanoparticles are a new solid crystalline phase and can be detected with high accuracy by various physical methods. The technique was successfully tested and proved to be effective in the study of microbial activity in both samples from various cold ecosystems and pure psychoactive cultures from the genera Cryobacterium Methylophilus, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus. This methodology can be used in ecology for monitoring the ecological state of natural ecosystems, in biotechnology for screening active samples when isolating industrially important microorganisms, and in astrobiology for identifying living metabolizing microbial cells in extraterrestrial environments","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oil palm, an economically important tree, has been one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a significant precursor of biodiesel fuel. Unfortunately, it now faces the threat of a devastating disease named basal stem rot disease. Many researchers have identified Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma zonatum as the major pathogen that affect the oil palm tree and eventually kills. Identification of the pathogen causing basal stem rot disease is just the first step. No single method has yet been able to halt the continuing spread of the disease. This review focused on description and life cycles of two of the major Ganoderma species pathogens on oil palm trees namely Ganoderma boninense and G. zonatum. Additionally, we highlighted some possible strategies to control these pathogens and limit the spread of basal stem rot disease.
{"title":"The Precious Ganoderma Mushroom and Plant Diseases","authors":"Elkhateeb Wa","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000241","url":null,"abstract":"The oil palm, an economically important tree, has been one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a significant precursor of biodiesel fuel. Unfortunately, it now faces the threat of a devastating disease named basal stem rot disease. Many researchers have identified Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma zonatum as the major pathogen that affect the oil palm tree and eventually kills. Identification of the pathogen causing basal stem rot disease is just the first step. No single method has yet been able to halt the continuing spread of the disease. This review focused on description and life cycles of two of the major Ganoderma species pathogens on oil palm trees namely Ganoderma boninense and G. zonatum. Additionally, we highlighted some possible strategies to control these pathogens and limit the spread of basal stem rot disease.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126670100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes production, purification, and characterization of catalase enzyme from Aspergillus fumigatus. The crude enzyme extract was obtained from A. fumigatus on 7th day of cultivation of cells grown at 37 °C and 155 rpm in 1-liter YpSs medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose and 0.5 mM H2 O2 . Then, the enzyme was successfully purified 24-fold with 55% recovery. The molecular weight was found ~70 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme was established as 60 °C and the pH was 7.0. Km and Vmax values were calculated as 7.4 mM and 1250 μM min-1, respectively. Stability tests have shown that the enzyme can remain active in a wide range of pH (4.0-9.0). Thermal stability of catalase was between 30 °C and 50 °C. The enzyme also presented stability against various solvents including ethanol, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide depending on the concentration and incubation time. The biochemical properties of the enzyme (low Km value, stability against varying pH and organic solvents, etc.) indicate that it can function as a good biocatalyst in different industrial applications.
{"title":"Production, Purification and Characterization of Catalase from Aspergillus Fumigatus","authors":"","doi":"10.23880/oajmb-16000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000246","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes production, purification, and characterization of catalase enzyme from Aspergillus fumigatus. The crude enzyme extract was obtained from A. fumigatus on 7th day of cultivation of cells grown at 37 °C and 155 rpm in 1-liter YpSs medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose and 0.5 mM H2 O2 . Then, the enzyme was successfully purified 24-fold with 55% recovery. The molecular weight was found ~70 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme was established as 60 °C and the pH was 7.0. Km and Vmax values were calculated as 7.4 mM and 1250 μM min-1, respectively. Stability tests have shown that the enzyme can remain active in a wide range of pH (4.0-9.0). Thermal stability of catalase was between 30 °C and 50 °C. The enzyme also presented stability against various solvents including ethanol, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide depending on the concentration and incubation time. The biochemical properties of the enzyme (low Km value, stability against varying pH and organic solvents, etc.) indicate that it can function as a good biocatalyst in different industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":257510,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132066523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：