Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688135
Zhenxiang Yi, X. Liao
In this paper, a novel in-line type frequency detector is proposed based on MEMS Membrane for X-band application. In the design, a MEMS membrane stands above the signal line of the CPW transmission line and acts as a coupling capacitance. A certain percentage of the input power, as a function of frequency, is coupled to the microwave power sensor. Finally, the frequency of the incident RF signal is deduced by measuring the output thermovoltage of the power sensor based on Seebeck effect. The incident power is not dissipated completely and the proposed design can achieve inline frequency detection. The inline type power sensor is designed, modeled and fabricated by GaAs MMIC process. The measured return loss is less than -13dB and the insertion loss is close to 1.3dB over 8-12GHz. The RF frequency measurement shows the output thermovoltage increases with the frequency. However, the poor frequency performance of the power sensor leads to the deviation of the measurement and theory.
{"title":"A novel in-line type frequency detector based on MEMS membrane for X-band application","authors":"Zhenxiang Yi, X. Liao","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688135","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel in-line type frequency detector is proposed based on MEMS Membrane for X-band application. In the design, a MEMS membrane stands above the signal line of the CPW transmission line and acts as a coupling capacitance. A certain percentage of the input power, as a function of frequency, is coupled to the microwave power sensor. Finally, the frequency of the incident RF signal is deduced by measuring the output thermovoltage of the power sensor based on Seebeck effect. The incident power is not dissipated completely and the proposed design can achieve inline frequency detection. The inline type power sensor is designed, modeled and fabricated by GaAs MMIC process. The measured return loss is less than -13dB and the insertion loss is close to 1.3dB over 8-12GHz. The RF frequency measurement shows the output thermovoltage increases with the frequency. However, the poor frequency performance of the power sensor leads to the deviation of the measurement and theory.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133088041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688367
Samuel MacNaughton, S. Sonkusale
We propose a “CMOS for nanoassembly” method to assemble carbon nanotubes and graphene on CMOS chip for gas sensing application. CNT's and graphene have been demonstrated as extremely sensitive chemiresistors for a wide range of analytes. The upper metal layers of the CMOS chip contain sixty electrodes of both planar and three-dimensional geometries. Each electrode is addressable through on chip circuitry. The electrodes are fully exposed by post-process dry etching. Chemiresistive assemblies of nanoscale single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes are assembled onto the exposed electrodes by controlled dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is the motion of a polarizable particle in a dielectric medium. The utility of the platform is shown for gas sensing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time functional graphene and carbon nanotubes sensor elements have been integrated onto a single CMOS chip. Previous results indicate that the expansion of the chip to include other chemiresistive nanomaterials is entirely feasible.
{"title":"A CMOS platform for the integration of heterogeneous arrays of carbon nanotubes and graphene chemiresistors","authors":"Samuel MacNaughton, S. Sonkusale","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688367","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a “CMOS for nanoassembly” method to assemble carbon nanotubes and graphene on CMOS chip for gas sensing application. CNT's and graphene have been demonstrated as extremely sensitive chemiresistors for a wide range of analytes. The upper metal layers of the CMOS chip contain sixty electrodes of both planar and three-dimensional geometries. Each electrode is addressable through on chip circuitry. The electrodes are fully exposed by post-process dry etching. Chemiresistive assemblies of nanoscale single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes are assembled onto the exposed electrodes by controlled dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is the motion of a polarizable particle in a dielectric medium. The utility of the platform is shown for gas sensing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time functional graphene and carbon nanotubes sensor elements have been integrated onto a single CMOS chip. Previous results indicate that the expansion of the chip to include other chemiresistive nanomaterials is entirely feasible.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117284412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688379
S. Afroz, S. Thomas, G. Mumcu, S. Saddow
A continuous glucose sensor employing radio frequency (RF) signals has been developed using the biocompatible material Silicon Carbide (SiC). Unlike biosensors that require direct contact with interstitial fluids to trigger chemical reactions to operate, this biocompatible SiC sensor doesn't require a direct interface. The sensing mechanism is based upon a shift in resonant frequency as a function of change in glucose levels which electrically manifests itself as a change in blood permittivity and conductivity. For invivo applications the antenna sensor needs to operate inside the body environment, and it has been determined that the best operational location of this biocompatible SiC biosensor is within fatty tissue in close proximity to blood vessels. To test the sensor as a function of glucose level, measurements using synthetic body fluid (SBF), which is electrically equivalent to blood plasma, and pig blood were performed. Changes in sensor performance to varying glucose levels were measured and a shift in resonant frequency to lower values observed with increasing glucose level. In-vitro sensor performance demonstrated that the sensor showed a dose dependent response to glucose concentration from 120 mg/dl to 530 mg/dl. A shift of 40 MHz and 26 MHz for blood mimicking liquid and pig blood was observed corresponding to 97 KHz and 67 KHz shift per 1 mg/dl change in blood glucose.
{"title":"Implantable SiC based RF antenna biosensor for continuous glucose monitoring","authors":"S. Afroz, S. Thomas, G. Mumcu, S. Saddow","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688379","url":null,"abstract":"A continuous glucose sensor employing radio frequency (RF) signals has been developed using the biocompatible material Silicon Carbide (SiC). Unlike biosensors that require direct contact with interstitial fluids to trigger chemical reactions to operate, this biocompatible SiC sensor doesn't require a direct interface. The sensing mechanism is based upon a shift in resonant frequency as a function of change in glucose levels which electrically manifests itself as a change in blood permittivity and conductivity. For invivo applications the antenna sensor needs to operate inside the body environment, and it has been determined that the best operational location of this biocompatible SiC biosensor is within fatty tissue in close proximity to blood vessels. To test the sensor as a function of glucose level, measurements using synthetic body fluid (SBF), which is electrically equivalent to blood plasma, and pig blood were performed. Changes in sensor performance to varying glucose levels were measured and a shift in resonant frequency to lower values observed with increasing glucose level. In-vitro sensor performance demonstrated that the sensor showed a dose dependent response to glucose concentration from 120 mg/dl to 530 mg/dl. A shift of 40 MHz and 26 MHz for blood mimicking liquid and pig blood was observed corresponding to 97 KHz and 67 KHz shift per 1 mg/dl change in blood glucose.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688480
K. Johnson
This talk will focus on the development and operation of a global scale, chemical sensor network that is distributed throughout the world's ocean. The daily, seasonal and interannual changes in the concentrations of inorganic carbon, pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate that are driven by photosynthesis and respiration are basic tracers of ocean metabolism. This metabolism has a fundamental control on the earth's climate, as production of organic matter in the surface ocean acts to lower atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 200 ppm. It is possible that these rates of elemental cycling will change in the future as the surface ocean warms [1]. However, there are no existing observing systems that allow ocean metabolism to be observed directly at a global scale. In particular, sampling chemistry from ships does not work because of the expense and remoteness of most of the ocean. At the global scale, ocean productivity can only be sensed indirectly from satellite ocean color observations. Global scale sensor networks using robotic platforms equipped with chemical sensors are required to directly observe ocean metabolism [2]. The Argo network (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu), which is used to monitor the heat content of the ocean, is a model for such a system. There are >3000 Argo profiling floats throughout the ocean. They rise from 2000 m depth at 5 to 10 day intervals measuring temperature and salinity during the ascent and then transmit the data to low earth orbit communications networks. This cycle is repeated for the 5 year life of each float. The BioArgo system is now working to build a complementary network equipped with pH, oxygen, nitrate and biooptical sensors [3]. More than 200 profiling floats with oxygen and >40 floats with nitrate are now operating from the Arctic to the Antarctic in all of the major ocean basins (http://argo.jcommops.org/maps.html, scroll right to the Bio map). These sensors have demonstrated exceptional stability and precision over time periods now reaching four years [4-7]. Experimental pH sensors are now operating on profiling floats with a precision and stability near 0.001 pH over an annual cycle. These results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a global chemical sensor network. This talk will review the methods used to develop chemical sensors with multi-year stability and the development of a global observing system.
{"title":"BioArgo: A global scale chemical sensor network to observe carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles in the ocean","authors":"K. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688480","url":null,"abstract":"This talk will focus on the development and operation of a global scale, chemical sensor network that is distributed throughout the world's ocean. The daily, seasonal and interannual changes in the concentrations of inorganic carbon, pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate that are driven by photosynthesis and respiration are basic tracers of ocean metabolism. This metabolism has a fundamental control on the earth's climate, as production of organic matter in the surface ocean acts to lower atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 200 ppm. It is possible that these rates of elemental cycling will change in the future as the surface ocean warms [1]. However, there are no existing observing systems that allow ocean metabolism to be observed directly at a global scale. In particular, sampling chemistry from ships does not work because of the expense and remoteness of most of the ocean. At the global scale, ocean productivity can only be sensed indirectly from satellite ocean color observations. Global scale sensor networks using robotic platforms equipped with chemical sensors are required to directly observe ocean metabolism [2]. The Argo network (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu), which is used to monitor the heat content of the ocean, is a model for such a system. There are >3000 Argo profiling floats throughout the ocean. They rise from 2000 m depth at 5 to 10 day intervals measuring temperature and salinity during the ascent and then transmit the data to low earth orbit communications networks. This cycle is repeated for the 5 year life of each float. The BioArgo system is now working to build a complementary network equipped with pH, oxygen, nitrate and biooptical sensors [3]. More than 200 profiling floats with oxygen and >40 floats with nitrate are now operating from the Arctic to the Antarctic in all of the major ocean basins (http://argo.jcommops.org/maps.html, scroll right to the Bio map). These sensors have demonstrated exceptional stability and precision over time periods now reaching four years [4-7]. Experimental pH sensors are now operating on profiling floats with a precision and stability near 0.001 pH over an annual cycle. These results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a global chemical sensor network. This talk will review the methods used to develop chemical sensors with multi-year stability and the development of a global observing system.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120918154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688413
L. Viveros, Weidong Zhang, E. Brown
Frequency domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy was used to study DiPel® PRO DF, a commercial insecticide containing 54% Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The mixture contains Bt spores as well as Bt protein toxins. Microscopic imaging revealed that DiPel® is composed of millimeter scale coarse particles and SEM photos indicate Bt spores are in these particles. The substantial attenuation from transmission measurements suggested strong signal scattering since the dimensions of particles (~1 mm-400 μm) are close to the THz wavelengths (~750-250 μm). Alternatively, periscope reflection measurements were carried out and a 917 GHz absorbance signature was observed. This is explained by the Mie theory that a portion of absorption is accompanied with scattering. Resonant absorption can be excited as long as internal vibration exists within particles. Therefore, absorption can be detected by the reflectivity measurements. To prove this hypothesis, Bt spores were separated from the large DiPel® coarse particles and their presence was again confirmed with microscopy. A transmission scan of the extracted spore samples was then repeated. The 917 GHz absorbance signature was present and consistent with transmissions on culture-grown, freshly harvested Bt spore samples.
{"title":"Terahertz detection of Bacillus thuringiensis spores in DiPel®","authors":"L. Viveros, Weidong Zhang, E. Brown","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688413","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy was used to study DiPel® PRO DF, a commercial insecticide containing 54% Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The mixture contains Bt spores as well as Bt protein toxins. Microscopic imaging revealed that DiPel® is composed of millimeter scale coarse particles and SEM photos indicate Bt spores are in these particles. The substantial attenuation from transmission measurements suggested strong signal scattering since the dimensions of particles (~1 mm-400 μm) are close to the THz wavelengths (~750-250 μm). Alternatively, periscope reflection measurements were carried out and a 917 GHz absorbance signature was observed. This is explained by the Mie theory that a portion of absorption is accompanied with scattering. Resonant absorption can be excited as long as internal vibration exists within particles. Therefore, absorption can be detected by the reflectivity measurements. To prove this hypothesis, Bt spores were separated from the large DiPel® coarse particles and their presence was again confirmed with microscopy. A transmission scan of the extracted spore samples was then repeated. The 917 GHz absorbance signature was present and consistent with transmissions on culture-grown, freshly harvested Bt spore samples.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116622509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688399
C. Je, Jaewoo Lee, Woo-Seok Yang, Jong-Kee Kwon
We present a new surface micromachined MEMS capacitive microphone with improved frequency response and high sensitivity. The proposed MEMS microphone has a top back-plate with a bottom sensing membrane and the back-plate is supported by supporting pillars which are anchored to the bottom of the deep back chamber. The back-plate supporting pillars increase the stiffness of the back-plate and prevent deformation. A present surface micromachined MEMS capacitive microphone is fabricated using fully CMOS compatible processes. It has a thin metal membrane of 500 μm diameter, a sensing air gap of 2.5 μm and seven back-plate supporting pillars. A 100 μm deep back chamber is formed by xenon difluoride dry etching of silicon substrate. As a result, the proposed microphone shows a flat frequency response and high open-circuit sensitivity. It shows a measured zero-bias capacitance of 1.0 pF and a pull-in voltage of 11.0 V, and an open-circuit sensitivity of 10.37 mV/Pa on a DC bias of 6.0 V.
{"title":"A surface micromachined MEMS capacitive microphone with back-plate supporting pillars","authors":"C. Je, Jaewoo Lee, Woo-Seok Yang, Jong-Kee Kwon","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688399","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new surface micromachined MEMS capacitive microphone with improved frequency response and high sensitivity. The proposed MEMS microphone has a top back-plate with a bottom sensing membrane and the back-plate is supported by supporting pillars which are anchored to the bottom of the deep back chamber. The back-plate supporting pillars increase the stiffness of the back-plate and prevent deformation. A present surface micromachined MEMS capacitive microphone is fabricated using fully CMOS compatible processes. It has a thin metal membrane of 500 μm diameter, a sensing air gap of 2.5 μm and seven back-plate supporting pillars. A 100 μm deep back chamber is formed by xenon difluoride dry etching of silicon substrate. As a result, the proposed microphone shows a flat frequency response and high open-circuit sensitivity. It shows a measured zero-bias capacitance of 1.0 pF and a pull-in voltage of 11.0 V, and an open-circuit sensitivity of 10.37 mV/Pa on a DC bias of 6.0 V.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115915495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688426
A. Attar, Shantia Yarahmadian, S. Samavi
The issue of Coverage in visual sensor networks (VSNs) has attracted considerable attention due to sensors directional sensing characteristic. It answers the question that how well the target field is monitored by a network of sensors with video/image capturing capability. In floorplan scenario the network is to monitor a plane parallel to the sensors' deployment plane. For large scale applications in which the sensors' deployment is done by dropping sensors, random sensors' placement and orientation according to their respective distribution is a practical assumption. Although some studies exist on the coverage problem of floorplan VSNs, none of them has derived an analytical expression for stochastic coverage based on both the sensors and the network related parameters, which is the main contribution of this paper. We consider the heterogeneous sensing model, where sensors need not have an identical sensing capability. The proposed mathematical frame work is validated by simulation results.
{"title":"Coverage estimation in heterogenous floorplan visual sensor networks","authors":"A. Attar, Shantia Yarahmadian, S. Samavi","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688426","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of Coverage in visual sensor networks (VSNs) has attracted considerable attention due to sensors directional sensing characteristic. It answers the question that how well the target field is monitored by a network of sensors with video/image capturing capability. In floorplan scenario the network is to monitor a plane parallel to the sensors' deployment plane. For large scale applications in which the sensors' deployment is done by dropping sensors, random sensors' placement and orientation according to their respective distribution is a practical assumption. Although some studies exist on the coverage problem of floorplan VSNs, none of them has derived an analytical expression for stochastic coverage based on both the sensors and the network related parameters, which is the main contribution of this paper. We consider the heterogeneous sensing model, where sensors need not have an identical sensing capability. The proposed mathematical frame work is validated by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114729465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688538
J. Groenesteijn, H. Droogendijk, R. Wiegerink, T. Lammerink, J. C. Lotters, R. Sanders, G. Krijnen
We report on the application of parametric amplification to a micro Coriolis mass flow sensor to reduce the system's power dissipation while retaining sensitivity to flow. By reducing this power dissipation, less heat will be transferred to the fluid and channel, potentially resulting in more temperature-stable flow measurements. We show experimentally that parametric amplification can be used to either greatly reduce power dissipation without loss of flow sensitivity, or to increase the overall sensitivity without increased power dissipation.
{"title":"Parametric amplification in a micro Coriolis mass flow sensor: Reduction of power dissipation without loss of sensitivity","authors":"J. Groenesteijn, H. Droogendijk, R. Wiegerink, T. Lammerink, J. C. Lotters, R. Sanders, G. Krijnen","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688538","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the application of parametric amplification to a micro Coriolis mass flow sensor to reduce the system's power dissipation while retaining sensitivity to flow. By reducing this power dissipation, less heat will be transferred to the fluid and channel, potentially resulting in more temperature-stable flow measurements. We show experimentally that parametric amplification can be used to either greatly reduce power dissipation without loss of flow sensitivity, or to increase the overall sensitivity without increased power dissipation.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125354294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688570
Gunjan Pandey, Ratnesh Kumar, R. Weber
A compact, on-board, self-calibrating, micro strip sensor is presented. The sensor can make accurate multi-frequency measurements of complex permittivity in real time and transmit this information wirelessly by using the same sensor as a micro strip patch antenna. Such multi-frequency measurements in a multi-phase mixture like soil are used to estimate the concentration of individual constituents like bulk-soil, water, and various nutrients in soil. The sensor architecture comprises of a programmable phase locked loop (PLL) which sweeps through the frequency band of 3-40 MHz. The signal generated by the PLL is allowed to reflect from the micro strip patch which is surrounded by the dielectric medium under test (such as soil or food). The amplitude and phase of incident and reflected signals are captured and impedance due to the surrounding dielectric mixture is calculated. This impedance value is used to estimate the dielectric constant by mapping the input impedance of the micro strip sensor to different surrounding dielectric constant values. The sensor has an inbuilt self-calibrating mechanism which makes it useful for remote, underground and hand held applications.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a self-calibrating, compact micro strip sensor for in-situ dielectric spectroscopy and data transmission","authors":"Gunjan Pandey, Ratnesh Kumar, R. Weber","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688570","url":null,"abstract":"A compact, on-board, self-calibrating, micro strip sensor is presented. The sensor can make accurate multi-frequency measurements of complex permittivity in real time and transmit this information wirelessly by using the same sensor as a micro strip patch antenna. Such multi-frequency measurements in a multi-phase mixture like soil are used to estimate the concentration of individual constituents like bulk-soil, water, and various nutrients in soil. The sensor architecture comprises of a programmable phase locked loop (PLL) which sweeps through the frequency band of 3-40 MHz. The signal generated by the PLL is allowed to reflect from the micro strip patch which is surrounded by the dielectric medium under test (such as soil or food). The amplitude and phase of incident and reflected signals are captured and impedance due to the surrounding dielectric mixture is calculated. This impedance value is used to estimate the dielectric constant by mapping the input impedance of the micro strip sensor to different surrounding dielectric constant values. The sensor has an inbuilt self-calibrating mechanism which makes it useful for remote, underground and hand held applications.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124581858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688186
S. Roy, B. Furnival, N. Wood, K. Vassilevski, N. Wright, A. Horsfall, C. J. O'Malley
For the first time SiC-based gas sensor arrays have been demonstrated, which are capable of discriminating gas species under harsh environments. The structures utilise either a TiO2 or HfO2 dielectric layer and a Pt or Pd catalytic contact. We show that the defects in the dielectric dominate the response to hydrogen and oxygen, resulting in array behaviour, without the need for large numbers of catalytic metals. Simple multiple linear regression techniques can be used with the array to provide a real time prediction of the gas contents of a mixture.
{"title":"SiC gas sensor arrays for extreme environments","authors":"S. Roy, B. Furnival, N. Wood, K. Vassilevski, N. Wright, A. Horsfall, C. J. O'Malley","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688186","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time SiC-based gas sensor arrays have been demonstrated, which are capable of discriminating gas species under harsh environments. The structures utilise either a TiO2 or HfO2 dielectric layer and a Pt or Pd catalytic contact. We show that the defects in the dielectric dominate the response to hydrogen and oxygen, resulting in array behaviour, without the need for large numbers of catalytic metals. Simple multiple linear regression techniques can be used with the array to provide a real time prediction of the gas contents of a mixture.","PeriodicalId":258260,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE SENSORS","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131025801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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