Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-643-650
V. Golik, Y. Razorenov, V. Vagin, V. Lyashenko
For effective operation of mining enterprises, including mines of ferrous metallurgy, supply of quality binding components is necessary to make hardening mixtures for packing of goave, aroused at underground development of hard mineral deposits. Results of the study of compositions based on ash-cement, nepheline, belit-aluminates and lime binding component made of mining and metallurgical production wastes presented. Application of vibro-, mechanical- and electrochemical activation methods to obtain filling mixtures from local low-quality raw materials, as well as activation of binding components were analyzed. A model to evaluate efficiency of binding additives presented. It was shown that decrease of cement consumption by addition of binding components of mineral origin requires perfection of mining processes, first of all, grinding and activation. It was proved, that additions of electric filters ash, nephelines, belit-aluminates and lime, obtained by utilization of current and old tailings to the basic binding component – portland cement – makes it possible to obtain hardening filling mixtures, having high enough strength to apply them at goave packing. Application of the study results makes it perspective for depressed mining and related enterprises to survive under conditions of the forming market.
{"title":"Efficiency of mineral additives to binding component for making hardening mixtures at underground operations","authors":"V. Golik, Y. Razorenov, V. Vagin, V. Lyashenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-643-650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-643-650","url":null,"abstract":"For effective operation of mining enterprises, including mines of ferrous metallurgy, supply of quality binding components is necessary to make hardening mixtures for packing of goave, aroused at underground development of hard mineral deposits. Results of the study of compositions based on ash-cement, nepheline, belit-aluminates and lime binding component made of mining and metallurgical production wastes presented. Application of vibro-, mechanical- and electrochemical activation methods to obtain filling mixtures from local low-quality raw materials, as well as activation of binding components were analyzed. A model to evaluate efficiency of binding additives presented. It was shown that decrease of cement consumption by addition of binding components of mineral origin requires perfection of mining processes, first of all, grinding and activation. It was proved, that additions of electric filters ash, nephelines, belit-aluminates and lime, obtained by utilization of current and old tailings to the basic binding component – portland cement – makes it possible to obtain hardening filling mixtures, having high enough strength to apply them at goave packing. Application of the study results makes it perspective for depressed mining and related enterprises to survive under conditions of the forming market.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129622118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-675-681
N. Bolobanova, E. Garber
Perfection of rolled stock production processes at continuous wide-strip hot rolling mill (CWHRM) aimed at minimization of metal consumption, is an effective mean to decrease its cost. In the process of slabs rolling at CWHRM, the metal consumption is stipulated first of all by complicated workpiece forming in roughing stands during consecutive reduction by vertical and horizontal rolls. Results of the numerical study of slab deformation with different values of reduction in vertical rolls of roughing stands of mill 2000 are presented. The implementation of rolling process model based on application of DEFORM-3D program of finiteelement analysis described for evaluation of metal shifting from the edges of slab in the direction of the middle of the width. The convergence of the simulation results with the measurements data of workpiece forming during roughing rolling at Severstal mill 2000 was experimentally confirmed. It was found that an increase of reduction in vertical rolls has no significant effect on the metal shifting from a narrow edge to a wide one. Increase the total reduction in vertical rolls leads to an unfavorable stress-strain state of the edge region and the Cockcroft–Latham criterion rises by 20–30%. It was proposed to reduce the total reduction in the vertical rolls of the roughing stands of mill 2000 down to 40–50 mm. It was shown that increase of time of slab moving from the heating furnace to the scale breaker causes growth the Cockcroft-Latham criterion and does not affect the amount of metal shifting from a narrow face to a wide one. The proposed method of simulation the process of slab deformation in the roughing group of the mill 2000 proved by results of industrial rolling can to be used for further study of the effect of rolls profiling and forming of surface defects with the provision of minimal metal shifting onto a wide face.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of slab deformation process with different reduction values in vertical rolls of mill 2000 roughing stands","authors":"N. Bolobanova, E. Garber","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-675-681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-675-681","url":null,"abstract":"Perfection of rolled stock production processes at continuous wide-strip hot rolling mill (CWHRM) aimed at minimization of metal consumption, is an effective mean to decrease its cost. In the process of slabs rolling at CWHRM, the metal consumption is stipulated first of all by complicated workpiece forming in roughing stands during consecutive reduction by vertical and horizontal rolls. Results of the numerical study of slab deformation with different values of reduction in vertical rolls of roughing stands of mill 2000 are presented. The implementation of rolling process model based on application of DEFORM-3D program of finiteelement analysis described for evaluation of metal shifting from the edges of slab in the direction of the middle of the width. The convergence of the simulation results with the measurements data of workpiece forming during roughing rolling at Severstal mill 2000 was experimentally confirmed. It was found that an increase of reduction in vertical rolls has no significant effect on the metal shifting from a narrow edge to a wide one. Increase the total reduction in vertical rolls leads to an unfavorable stress-strain state of the edge region and the Cockcroft–Latham criterion rises by 20–30%. It was proposed to reduce the total reduction in the vertical rolls of the roughing stands of mill 2000 down to 40–50 mm. It was shown that increase of time of slab moving from the heating furnace to the scale breaker causes growth the Cockcroft-Latham criterion and does not affect the amount of metal shifting from a narrow face to a wide one. The proposed method of simulation the process of slab deformation in the roughing group of the mill 2000 proved by results of industrial rolling can to be used for further study of the effect of rolls profiling and forming of surface defects with the provision of minimal metal shifting onto a wide face.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134372466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-665-674
O. I. Nokhrina, I. D. Rozhikhina, M. Golodova, I. E. Khodosov
Study of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron from oxides using coals as reducing agents and the development of energy-efficient technologies for the production and use of metallized materials from concentrates obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment is an actual scientific direction in ferrous metallurgy. Theoretical studies of the processes of solidphase reduction of iron from iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores, by coals grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown) were carried out by the method of thermodynamic simulation using the “Terra” software complex. The experimental study of the process of solid-phase reduction of iron from experimental mixtures was carried out in a muffle furnace SNOL 4/900 and in a resistance furnace with a graphite tubular heater (Tamman furnace). The influence of the composition and volume of gas phase, formed as a result of volatile components emission in the process of coals of two grades heating at 373–1873 K obtained, optimal temperature and consumption of coals defined, which ensure complete reducing of iron from iron-containing concentrate, compositions as well as volumes of gas phase. The influence of temperature of the isothermal exposure on the rate and degree of solid-phase reduction of iron from iron ore oxides was experimentally determined when using coals of different process grades and coke fines as reducing agents. Empirical equations of reduction degree versus time of isothermal exposure for different metallization temperatures were obtained. It is shown that the change in the degree of recovery on temperature with high accuracy was described by a linear dependence, and the change in the recovery rate on the temperature – by a power dependence. Conditions of effective metallization were determined when using iron concentrate and coals of different process grades for production of spongy metallized materials with content of Femet more than 80%, and 1.5–2.5 % C, 0.1 % S, 0.02 % P. As a result of thermodynamic simulation and experimental study of the process of iron reduction from iron concentrate, optimal consumption of coal of grades D and 2Б at temperature 1473K was determined. It was established that the best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal grade D. It was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction of iron from the concentrate, at the level of 98–99%.
{"title":"Investigation of the process of metallized materials production from iron concentrate of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese ores of Kuzbass","authors":"O. I. Nokhrina, I. D. Rozhikhina, M. Golodova, I. E. Khodosov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-665-674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-665-674","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron from oxides using coals as reducing agents and the development of energy-efficient technologies for the production and use of metallized materials from concentrates obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment is an actual scientific direction in ferrous metallurgy. Theoretical studies of the processes of solidphase reduction of iron from iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores, by coals grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown) were carried out by the method of thermodynamic simulation using the “Terra” software complex. The experimental study of the process of solid-phase reduction of iron from experimental mixtures was carried out in a muffle furnace SNOL 4/900 and in a resistance furnace with a graphite tubular heater (Tamman furnace). The influence of the composition and volume of gas phase, formed as a result of volatile components emission in the process of coals of two grades heating at 373–1873 K obtained, optimal temperature and consumption of coals defined, which ensure complete reducing of iron from iron-containing concentrate, compositions as well as volumes of gas phase. The influence of temperature of the isothermal exposure on the rate and degree of solid-phase reduction of iron from iron ore oxides was experimentally determined when using coals of different process grades and coke fines as reducing agents. Empirical equations of reduction degree versus time of isothermal exposure for different metallization temperatures were obtained. It is shown that the change in the degree of recovery on temperature with high accuracy was described by a linear dependence, and the change in the recovery rate on the temperature – by a power dependence. Conditions of effective metallization were determined when using iron concentrate and coals of different process grades for production of spongy metallized materials with content of Femet more than 80%, and 1.5–2.5 % C, 0.1 % S, 0.02 % P. As a result of thermodynamic simulation and experimental study of the process of iron reduction from iron concentrate, optimal consumption of coal of grades D and 2Б at temperature 1473K was determined. It was established that the best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal grade D. It was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction of iron from the concentrate, at the level of 98–99%.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128900747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-20DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-698-703
N. Kozyrev, A. A. Usol’tsev, A. Mikhno, N. Kibko, D. E. Belov
Rollers for hot rolling mills are hardened by surfacing operation by flux-cored wire ПП-Нп-35В9Х3СФ due to GOST 26101–84. The deposited layer has a high resistivity against abrasion, but its thermal endurance is comparatively low, therefore rollers surfaced by this type of wire often failed because of formation of fire crack network and spalling. It was established that the structure nonuniformity of the deposited metal can be decreased by introducing of titanium into the flux-cored wire. The effect of introducing titanium into flux-cored wire of the Fe–C–Si–Мn–Сr–W–V system on the properties of the deposited layer has been studied. It was shown that metal structure with the addition of titanium represents martensite formed within the boundaries of the former austenite grain, a small amount of residual austenite in the form of separate areas and thin layers of δ-ferrite. The microstructure of the samples contains a carbide network. An increase in the titanium content in the deposited layer contributes to a decrease in the size of the martensite needles, as well as the size of the former austenite grain. The microstructure of the samples contains medium-acicular and fine-acicular martensite. The size of the martensite needles varies from 2 to 9 microns. It was established that introduction of titanium in the composition of the flux-cored wire in an amount of 0.02–0.13% increases the hardness of the deposited layer and reduces the abrasion of the samples.
{"title":"Perfection of Fe–C–Si–Мn–Сr–W–V system flux-cored wire composition for surfacing of hot rolling mill rollers by introducing titanium in it","authors":"N. Kozyrev, A. A. Usol’tsev, A. Mikhno, N. Kibko, D. E. Belov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-698-703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-698-703","url":null,"abstract":"Rollers for hot rolling mills are hardened by surfacing operation by flux-cored wire ПП-Нп-35В9Х3СФ due to GOST 26101–84. The deposited layer has a high resistivity against abrasion, but its thermal endurance is comparatively low, therefore rollers surfaced by this type of wire often failed because of formation of fire crack network and spalling. It was established that the structure nonuniformity of the deposited metal can be decreased by introducing of titanium into the flux-cored wire. The effect of introducing titanium into flux-cored wire of the Fe–C–Si–Мn–Сr–W–V system on the properties of the deposited layer has been studied. It was shown that metal structure with the addition of titanium represents martensite formed within the boundaries of the former austenite grain, a small amount of residual austenite in the form of separate areas and thin layers of δ-ferrite. The microstructure of the samples contains a carbide network. An increase in the titanium content in the deposited layer contributes to a decrease in the size of the martensite needles, as well as the size of the former austenite grain. The microstructure of the samples contains medium-acicular and fine-acicular martensite. The size of the martensite needles varies from 2 to 9 microns. It was established that introduction of titanium in the composition of the flux-cored wire in an amount of 0.02–0.13% increases the hardness of the deposited layer and reduces the abrasion of the samples.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134176317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-2-175-186
S. Rakhmanov
Nonuniformity of pipe wall thickness is one of significant indices, determining quality of hot-rolled seamless pipes. One of the reasons of increased nonuniformity arising is dynamics of exit section mechanisms of pipe rolling line (PRL). Results of study of mandrel holding mechanism dynamics of PRL presented. Dynamic models of exit section, accounting parameters of technological process and inertia of a rolled hollow billet elaborated, which enabled to determine the character of dynamic processes at the exit section of PRL automatic mill. Differential equations of exit section elements motion at the exit section of PRL automatic mill were made up. The solution of the differential equations system was obtained in a numerical form by application of Runge‒Kutta method for correspondent dynamic models of exit section based on the example of calculations for ТПА-350 automatic mill. The pattern of dynamic processes arising at the exit section was specified at realization of the whole technological process of a hollow billet rolling at automatic mill, taking into consideration alternative action from the side of deformation center and mass of the rolled hollow billet. It was shown, that the specified solution of the task for three advanced dynamic models of mechanical system considerably differs from those of the known mathematical models. It was established, that the dynamics of the mandrel holding mechanism of ТПА-350 automatic mill equivalently form the mechanism of finished pipes geometry forming. Analysis of dynamic models of the mill exit section enabled to select the necessary technological and dynamic parameters of the mechanical system, to determine stable modes of hollow billets rolling at the ТПА-350 automatic mill. Results of the study of dynamics of exit section ТПА-350 automatic mill presented. A scheme of modernization of the exit section ТПА-350 automatic mill proposed, which enables to realize rational modes of operation accounting level of mechanical system dynamics and to control quality (geometric parameters) of the rolled pipes.
{"title":"Dynamics of exit section of automatic mill of pipe rolling line","authors":"S. Rakhmanov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-2-175-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-2-175-186","url":null,"abstract":"Nonuniformity of pipe wall thickness is one of significant indices, determining quality of hot-rolled seamless pipes. One of the reasons of increased nonuniformity arising is dynamics of exit section mechanisms of pipe rolling line (PRL). Results of study of mandrel holding mechanism dynamics of PRL presented. Dynamic models of exit section, accounting parameters of technological process and inertia of a rolled hollow billet elaborated, which enabled to determine the character of dynamic processes at the exit section of PRL automatic mill. Differential equations of exit section elements motion at the exit section of PRL automatic mill were made up. The solution of the differential equations system was obtained in a numerical form by application of Runge‒Kutta method for correspondent dynamic models of exit section based on the example of calculations for ТПА-350 automatic mill. The pattern of dynamic processes arising at the exit section was specified at realization of the whole technological process of a hollow billet rolling at automatic mill, taking into consideration alternative action from the side of deformation center and mass of the rolled hollow billet. It was shown, that the specified solution of the task for three advanced dynamic models of mechanical system considerably differs from those of the known mathematical models. It was established, that the dynamics of the mandrel holding mechanism of ТПА-350 automatic mill equivalently form the mechanism of finished pipes geometry forming. Analysis of dynamic models of the mill exit section enabled to select the necessary technological and dynamic parameters of the mechanical system, to determine stable modes of hollow billets rolling at the ТПА-350 automatic mill. Results of the study of dynamics of exit section ТПА-350 automatic mill presented. A scheme of modernization of the exit section ТПА-350 automatic mill proposed, which enables to realize rational modes of operation accounting level of mechanical system dynamics and to control quality (geometric parameters) of the rolled pipes.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133012756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1209-1218
T. A. Oleinik, V. I. Mulyavko, V. Lyashenko
Average iron content in industrial ores decreases from year to year. To use them in the processes of agglomeration and pelletizing, enrichment is necessary, accompanied by abundant emission of dust. A significant amount of iron is lost in tailings at existing magnetic enrichment technologies. Therefore, the development and implementation of new generation cyclone facilities to increase the efficiency of iron ore beneficiation and dust collection during its processing is an urgent scientific, practical and social task. The results of the of new generation cyclone facilities implementation for enrichment of iron ore and dust collection during its processing at the mining and processing factories of Kryvbas (Ukraine) are presented. It has been established that dry magnetic separation of finely crushed ore makes it possible to isolate a magnetic product with an iron content of 64-65%. The yield is up to 45%, the extraction of iron into the magnetic product is 73-75% in two-stage schemes. The degree of dust collection by the new generation cyclone facility is exponentially dependent on the speed of the cleaned flow, number and size of coaxial shells, as well as the diameter of dust particles) and is 1.23 times higher comparing with the previously used cyclone of the same size and capacity. The mobile magnetic field in the recommended cyclone allows to capture magnetic dust with an efficiency of up to 95%, and at the same time the dust is separated into a magnetic component (with an iron content of up to 65%) and a non-magnetic component (up to 12% of Fe) with an initial total iron content of up to 33%.
{"title":"Development and implementation of new generation cyclone facilities to improve efficiency of iron ore beneficiation and dust collection during its processing","authors":"T. A. Oleinik, V. I. Mulyavko, V. Lyashenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1209-1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1209-1218","url":null,"abstract":"Average iron content in industrial ores decreases from year to year. To use them in the processes of agglomeration and pelletizing, enrichment is necessary, accompanied by abundant emission of dust. A significant amount of iron is lost in tailings at existing magnetic enrichment technologies. Therefore, the development and implementation of new generation cyclone facilities to increase the efficiency of iron ore beneficiation and dust collection during its processing is an urgent scientific, practical and social task. The results of the of new generation cyclone facilities implementation for enrichment of iron ore and dust collection during its processing at the mining and processing factories of Kryvbas (Ukraine) are presented. It has been established that dry magnetic separation of finely crushed ore makes it possible to isolate a magnetic product with an iron content of 64-65%. The yield is up to 45%, the extraction of iron into the magnetic product is 73-75% in two-stage schemes. The degree of dust collection by the new generation cyclone facility is exponentially dependent on the speed of the cleaned flow, number and size of coaxial shells, as well as the diameter of dust particles) and is 1.23 times higher comparing with the previously used cyclone of the same size and capacity. The mobile magnetic field in the recommended cyclone allows to capture magnetic dust with an efficiency of up to 95%, and at the same time the dust is separated into a magnetic component (with an iron content of up to 65%) and a non-magnetic component (up to 12% of Fe) with an initial total iron content of up to 33%.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131991466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1259-1264
I. I. Lube, N. V. Trutnev, S. V. Tumashev, A. Krasikov, A. G. Ul’yanov, A. Korsakov, Ya. I. Kosmatskii
At production of pipes of type 13Cr grade steel used at development of oil and gas deposits in areas with aggressive environment, intensive wear of instrument takes place, first of all, piercing mill mandrels. Factors, influencing the resistivity of the piercing mandrels considered, including chemical composition of the material, the mandrel is made of and its design. Based on industrial experience it was shown, that chrome content in the mandrel material practically does not affect on the increase of its resistivity, since the formed thin protective oxides having high melting temperature, are quickly failed and practically are not restored in the process of piercing. To increase the resistivity of piercing mandrels at production of casing tubes of type 13Cr grade steel, a work was accomplished to select a new material for their manufacturing. The chemical composition of steel presented, which was traditionally used for piercing mandrels manufacturing, as well as a steel grade proposed to increase their resistivity. First, molybdenum content was increased, which increases the characteristics of steel strength and ductility at high temperatures and results in grain refining. Second, tungsten content was also increased, which forms carbides in the steel resulting in an increase of its hardness and “red resistivity”, as well as in preventing grains growth during heating. Third, cobalt content was also increased, which increases heat resistivity and shock loads resistivity. The three elements increase enabled to increase the mandrels resistivity by two times. Results of mandrel test of steel 20ХН2МВ3КБ presented, the mandrel having corrugation on the working cone surface, which enabled to reach the resistivity growth to 12 passes without significant change of instrument cost. Microstructure of mandrels made of steels 20Х2Н4МФА and 20ХН2МВ3КБ shown. Application of the centering pin of special design was tested, which provided forming of a rounding edge on the front billet ends, eliminated undercut of mandrel external surface in the process of secondary billet grip and increase the service life of the piercing mill mandrels. At production of seamless pipes of martensite class type 13Cr stainless steels having L80 group of strength, an increase of piercing mandrel resistivity was reached by more than four times, which together with other technical solutions enabled to increase the hourly productivity of the hot rolling section of Volzhsky pipe plant ТПА 159-426 line by more than two times.
{"title":"Increase of resistance of piercing mill mandrels at seamless pipes production of 13Cr grade martensite class stainless steel at line ТПА 159‒426 of JSC VTZ","authors":"I. I. Lube, N. V. Trutnev, S. V. Tumashev, A. Krasikov, A. G. Ul’yanov, A. Korsakov, Ya. I. Kosmatskii","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1259-1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1259-1264","url":null,"abstract":"At production of pipes of type 13Cr grade steel used at development of oil and gas deposits in areas with aggressive environment, intensive wear of instrument takes place, first of all, piercing mill mandrels. Factors, influencing the resistivity of the piercing mandrels considered, including chemical composition of the material, the mandrel is made of and its design. Based on industrial experience it was shown, that chrome content in the mandrel material practically does not affect on the increase of its resistivity, since the formed thin protective oxides having high melting temperature, are quickly failed and practically are not restored in the process of piercing. To increase the resistivity of piercing mandrels at production of casing tubes of type 13Cr grade steel, a work was accomplished to select a new material for their manufacturing. The chemical composition of steel presented, which was traditionally used for piercing mandrels manufacturing, as well as a steel grade proposed to increase their resistivity. First, molybdenum content was increased, which increases the characteristics of steel strength and ductility at high temperatures and results in grain refining. Second, tungsten content was also increased, which forms carbides in the steel resulting in an increase of its hardness and “red resistivity”, as well as in preventing grains growth during heating. Third, cobalt content was also increased, which increases heat resistivity and shock loads resistivity. The three elements increase enabled to increase the mandrels resistivity by two times. Results of mandrel test of steel 20ХН2МВ3КБ presented, the mandrel having corrugation on the working cone surface, which enabled to reach the resistivity growth to 12 passes without significant change of instrument cost. Microstructure of mandrels made of steels 20Х2Н4МФА and 20ХН2МВ3КБ shown. Application of the centering pin of special design was tested, which provided forming of a rounding edge on the front billet ends, eliminated undercut of mandrel external surface in the process of secondary billet grip and increase the service life of the piercing mill mandrels. At production of seamless pipes of martensite class type 13Cr stainless steels having L80 group of strength, an increase of piercing mandrel resistivity was reached by more than four times, which together with other technical solutions enabled to increase the hourly productivity of the hot rolling section of Volzhsky pipe plant ТПА 159-426 line by more than two times.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129298657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1029-1036
S. Eron’ko, S. Gorbatyuk, E. V. Oshovskaya, B. I. Starodubtsev
The problem of recycling of low-quality burden with increased content of harmful impurities and industrial and domestic metal-containing wastes becomes more and more actual. The solution of it will enable to decrease damage to environment and to obtain useful product out of the secondary raw materials. A concept proposed for creation of micro-metallurgical plants with less comparing with mini-mills, production capacity. The possibility of flexible control of processed liquid and solid burden materials ratio is an important advantage of the micro-mills, taking into account varying prices for raw materials and energy. In the preparation department of the micro-mill it is reasonable to use briquetting by means of two-high presses for pelletizing of fine-fraction materials, used as a part of initial burden. In the melting department depending on the kind of finished product a 130 m3 volume blast furnace or oxygen cupola furnace of 10-15 t/h productivity can operate. For steelmaking a 10-t oxygen converter with rotating housing or small-size EAF can be used. The casting department will provide production of marketable pig iron or steel ingots. It was noted, that in the countries of Europe at steelmaking plants of 50-150 thousand t/year productivity, steel-making facilities are used based on Kal-Do converter principle. A layout of mechanisms of such a converter, perfected by Ukrainian specialists presented. The perfected converter has a modernized drive of the housing rotation mechanism, automatic systems of bath bottom blow-down by an inert gas and gas-dynamic final technological slag cut-off at steel tapping into tapping ladle. New technical solutions, used in the steelmaking aggregate, allow to simplify the operation and maintenance of the housing rotation drive mechanism, as well as to expand the possibilities of technological process flexible control due to provision of rational combinations of the operations and techniques used. Approximate calculations of expenses for production of one ton of product under conditions of industrial metal-containing wastes recycling when using oxygen converter with rotating housing presented.
{"title":"A concept of micro-mill elaboration and development for low-quality burden and metal-containing wastes recycling","authors":"S. Eron’ko, S. Gorbatyuk, E. V. Oshovskaya, B. I. Starodubtsev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1029-1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1029-1036","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of recycling of low-quality burden with increased content of harmful impurities and industrial and domestic metal-containing wastes becomes more and more actual. The solution of it will enable to decrease damage to environment and to obtain useful product out of the secondary raw materials. A concept proposed for creation of micro-metallurgical plants with less comparing with mini-mills, production capacity. The possibility of flexible control of processed liquid and solid burden materials ratio is an important advantage of the micro-mills, taking into account varying prices for raw materials and energy. In the preparation department of the micro-mill it is reasonable to use briquetting by means of two-high presses for pelletizing of fine-fraction materials, used as a part of initial burden. In the melting department depending on the kind of finished product a 130 m3 volume blast furnace or oxygen cupola furnace of 10-15 t/h productivity can operate. For steelmaking a 10-t oxygen converter with rotating housing or small-size EAF can be used. The casting department will provide production of marketable pig iron or steel ingots. It was noted, that in the countries of Europe at steelmaking plants of 50-150 thousand t/year productivity, steel-making facilities are used based on Kal-Do converter principle. A layout of mechanisms of such a converter, perfected by Ukrainian specialists presented. The perfected converter has a modernized drive of the housing rotation mechanism, automatic systems of bath bottom blow-down by an inert gas and gas-dynamic final technological slag cut-off at steel tapping into tapping ladle. New technical solutions, used in the steelmaking aggregate, allow to simplify the operation and maintenance of the housing rotation drive mechanism, as well as to expand the possibilities of technological process flexible control due to provision of rational combinations of the operations and techniques used. Approximate calculations of expenses for production of one ton of product under conditions of industrial metal-containing wastes recycling when using oxygen converter with rotating housing presented.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117251574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1058-1065
S. Rakhmanov
Dynamic of power line of pipe rolling aggregate (PRA) piercing mill accounting behavior peculiarities of spindle joint and working rollers setting mechanism. A differential equation of the piercing mill main drive line motion composed and its numeral solution presented. An adapted three-mass dynamic system model considered and the task solution obtained with application of the Solid Works IT Simulation X program product. Basic conditions of non-stable dynamic phenomena origination in the power line and in the piercing mill working rollers setting mechanism formulated. It was shown, that the system non-stable dynamic is one of main reasons of results discrepancy of the known theoretical, experimental studies and pipe thickness measurements at PRA 350 piercing mills. Main reasons of parametric oscillation origination in the drive of working stand of a piercing mill determined, as well as the one in the working rollers setting mechanism due to the phenomena of pipe wall difference origination. Areas of the system stable functioning depending on operation regimes and working rollers supply angle determined accounting the space position of the spindle facility elements Necessary and sufficient conditions of joint stable functioning of the piercing mill power line formulated. To stabilize the pipe stock piercing process a modernization scheme of the main drive spindle and of the PRA 350 piercing mill working rollers setting mechanism proposed.
考虑轴接特性和工作辊设置机构特点的钢管轧制集料穿孔机电力线动力学。建立了穿孔机主传动线运动的微分方程，并给出了其数值解。应用Solid Works IT Simulation X程序产品，考虑了一种自适应的三质量动力系统模型，并得到了任务解。阐述了电力线和穿孔机工作辊设置机构产生非稳定动力现象的基本条件。结果表明，系统的不稳定动态是造成pra350冲孔机的理论、实验研究和管厚测量结果不一致的主要原因之一。确定了穿孔机工作机架传动中产生参数振荡的主要原因，以及工作辊设置机构中由于管壁差产生参数振荡的主要原因。系统稳定运行的区域取决于运行机制和工作辊供应角度的确定，考虑主轴设备元件的空间位置，制定了穿孔机电力线连接稳定运行的充分必要条件。为稳定管材穿孔过程，提出了对pra350穿孔机主传动轴和工作辊设置机构进行现代化改造的方案。
{"title":"Peculiarities of the process of pipe stock piercing at a piercing mill","authors":"S. Rakhmanov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1058-1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1058-1065","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic of power line of pipe rolling aggregate (PRA) piercing mill accounting behavior peculiarities of spindle joint and working rollers setting mechanism. A differential equation of the piercing mill main drive line motion composed and its numeral solution presented. An adapted three-mass dynamic system model considered and the task solution obtained with application of the Solid Works IT Simulation X program product. Basic conditions of non-stable dynamic phenomena origination in the power line and in the piercing mill working rollers setting mechanism formulated. It was shown, that the system non-stable dynamic is one of main reasons of results discrepancy of the known theoretical, experimental studies and pipe thickness measurements at PRA 350 piercing mills. Main reasons of parametric oscillation origination in the drive of working stand of a piercing mill determined, as well as the one in the working rollers setting mechanism due to the phenomena of pipe wall difference origination. Areas of the system stable functioning depending on operation regimes and working rollers supply angle determined accounting the space position of the spindle facility elements Necessary and sufficient conditions of joint stable functioning of the piercing mill power line formulated. To stabilize the pipe stock piercing process a modernization scheme of the main drive spindle and of the PRA 350 piercing mill working rollers setting mechanism proposed.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-10-1129-1134
S. P. Rogozhnikov, I. S. Rogozhnikov
. Decreasing of coke rate in blast furnace (BF) process is an actual task, one of methods of its solving being increase of natural gas consumption. Efficiency of natural gas utilization in the process of iron ore raw materials depends on degree of hydrogen usage. Determination of criteria of hydrogen usage degree in a current BF process is difficult, since during the measurements the moisture is fallen as a condensate. Making a material balance of hydrogen in the process of a current operation is also difficult, because a high carefulness is required at sampling which excludes its leak. With the aim of determining moisture content in the BF gas, a hygrometer with wide functional possibilities was designed and manufactures. To control its meterage, in parallel a weighing method was used by application of silica gel, following a material balance of hydrogen. To determine the technological factors effect on hydrogen usage degree, a long-term period of PAO “MMK” BF shop operation was analyzed, in which several periods were selected: purely coke heats, heats with high blast moistening and heats with natural gas injection. A relation between amount of oxygen removed out of the burden and index of non-direct reducing was determined. It was shown, that increase of hydrogen consumption has not direct influence on the index of carbon monoxide participation in the non-direct reducing. The study results received allow to predict the value of criteria of hydrogen usage degree in the BF heats with increased consumption of natural gas. Application of these criteria to calculation
{"title":"Determination of degree of hydrogen usage in blast furnace","authors":"S. P. Rogozhnikov, I. S. Rogozhnikov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-10-1129-1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-10-1129-1134","url":null,"abstract":". Decreasing of coke rate in blast furnace (BF) process is an actual task, one of methods of its solving being increase of natural gas consumption. Efficiency of natural gas utilization in the process of iron ore raw materials depends on degree of hydrogen usage. Determination of criteria of hydrogen usage degree in a current BF process is difficult, since during the measurements the moisture is fallen as a condensate. Making a material balance of hydrogen in the process of a current operation is also difficult, because a high carefulness is required at sampling which excludes its leak. With the aim of determining moisture content in the BF gas, a hygrometer with wide functional possibilities was designed and manufactures. To control its meterage, in parallel a weighing method was used by application of silica gel, following a material balance of hydrogen. To determine the technological factors effect on hydrogen usage degree, a long-term period of PAO “MMK” BF shop operation was analyzed, in which several periods were selected: purely coke heats, heats with high blast moistening and heats with natural gas injection. A relation between amount of oxygen removed out of the burden and index of non-direct reducing was determined. It was shown, that increase of hydrogen consumption has not direct influence on the index of carbon monoxide participation in the non-direct reducing. The study results received allow to predict the value of criteria of hydrogen usage degree in the BF heats with increased consumption of natural gas. Application of these criteria to calculation","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131854866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：