Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-876-881
A. Biryukov, A. A. Troyanskii, S. M. Saf’yants, V. Kochura, Yu. I. Yurchenko
Donetsk National Technical University, created in 1921, became a largest center of training of highly-qualified engineers and researchers. Facts of history of one of basic departments of the university – department of metallurgy and heat-power engineering presented. Its role in the forming and development of the leading Donbass industry – metallurgy – shown.
{"title":"The role of metallurgy and heatpower engineering department of Donetsk National Technical University in the formation and development of the region","authors":"A. Biryukov, A. A. Troyanskii, S. M. Saf’yants, V. Kochura, Yu. I. Yurchenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-876-881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-876-881","url":null,"abstract":"Donetsk National Technical University, created in 1921, became a largest center of training of highly-qualified engineers and researchers. Facts of history of one of basic departments of the university – department of metallurgy and heat-power engineering presented. Its role in the forming and development of the leading Donbass industry – metallurgy – shown.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131371670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-943-948
Yu. A. Galkin, E. A. Ulasovets, D. N. Obadin, D. V. Ermakov, A. N. Sharin
Existing processes of cleaning emulsion sewage are based on either physicochemical technology with application of complex of reagents – nonorganic electrolytes and organic flocculants, resulting in obtaining highly-mineralized purified water, which cannot be used for technical water supply, or based on complicated technologies of electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration. This required elaboration of a new technology and equipment for cleaning concentrated emulsion sewage, in particular, those containing emulsol of Wedolit EP-5 grade, used for hydro-mechanical expanders of electric-weld pipe lines. The technology stipulates a successive introduction of a reagent – suspension of alumo-silicate based hard-phased sorbent and solution of flocculant of cation type Praestol-650ВС – into emulsion sewage, their mixing with emulsion water in a definite mode, sedimental differentiation of the formed phases in a precipitator-flocculator “ЭП ОФ”, gravitation concentration and dewatering of the obtained sediment at vacuumfilter. The dewatered sediment can be utilized in cement industry and metallurgy. It was shown that application of the hard-phase sorbent does not result in an increase of mineralization of purified water and enables to use it for technical purposes. The group of companies “ECO-PROJECT”, Ekaterinburg, accomplished a project for Chelyabinsk pipe-rolling plant, elaboration and manufacturing of equipment, as well as commissioning and start-up of the equipment. The elaborated technical solutions in the process of equipment running showed a high efficiency and can be used as a base for creation of facilities of any productivity for cleaning multi-type emulsion sewage at enterprises of various industries.
{"title":"Cleaning of concentrated emulsion sewage of electric-weld pipe lines","authors":"Yu. A. Galkin, E. A. Ulasovets, D. N. Obadin, D. V. Ermakov, A. N. Sharin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-943-948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-943-948","url":null,"abstract":"Existing processes of cleaning emulsion sewage are based on either physicochemical technology with application of complex of reagents – nonorganic electrolytes and organic flocculants, resulting in obtaining highly-mineralized purified water, which cannot be used for technical water supply, or based on complicated technologies of electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration. This required elaboration of a new technology and equipment for cleaning concentrated emulsion sewage, in particular, those containing emulsol of Wedolit EP-5 grade, used for hydro-mechanical expanders of electric-weld pipe lines. The technology stipulates a successive introduction of a reagent – suspension of alumo-silicate based hard-phased sorbent and solution of flocculant of cation type Praestol-650ВС – into emulsion sewage, their mixing with emulsion water in a definite mode, sedimental differentiation of the formed phases in a precipitator-flocculator “ЭП ОФ”, gravitation concentration and dewatering of the obtained sediment at vacuumfilter. The dewatered sediment can be utilized in cement industry and metallurgy. It was shown that application of the hard-phase sorbent does not result in an increase of mineralization of purified water and enables to use it for technical purposes. The group of companies “ECO-PROJECT”, Ekaterinburg, accomplished a project for Chelyabinsk pipe-rolling plant, elaboration and manufacturing of equipment, as well as commissioning and start-up of the equipment. The elaborated technical solutions in the process of equipment running showed a high efficiency and can be used as a base for creation of facilities of any productivity for cleaning multi-type emulsion sewage at enterprises of various industries.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"161 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116635618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1032-1038
G. Isaenko, D. Kovalev, N. S. Meshcheryakov, V. Mikhailov, D. S. Kim
Effectiveness of blast furnaces operation in many respects depends on metallurgical properties of agglomerate, in particular, iron content in the sinter and its basicity. At the same time, it is accepted that usage of iron ore concentrates with iron content more than 66–67% for sinter production results in decreasing of its strength. As a result of the planned modernization of the technological sections of the concentration plant JSC “Stoilensky GOK”, iron content in the concentrate will be increased to 68–70%. It makes it actual to accomplish comprehensive studies of metallurgical properties of the sinter while increasing iron content in the raw material. Results of the study of sinter properties presented, the sinter being obtained with utilization of iron concentrate with iron content 66.6 % (base), 68.0 and 69.2 % (exp. 1 and exp. 2 correspondently). The iron ore mixture for all the stages was the same and consisted of iron ore concentrate – 78.3%, sintering ore – 8.0%, lime – 5.5% and sintering additives (sludge, dust, scale) – 8.2%. The sintering mixtures composition for all the study stages differed only by fluxes and iron ore mixture consumption. 18 test sintering operations at three values of basicity 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 units were accomplished. It was established that increase of iron content in the concentrate and basicity of the sinter results in improving of the sintering process indices, increase of the vertical sintering rate, sintering machines productivity, recovery and the sinter cold strength. Increase of the sinter basicity and its production with increased content of iron results in improving RDI indices at low temperature reducing. Results of the study of porosity indices and metallurgical properties of the sinter presented, in particular the collapsibility during reducing and temperature interval softening-melting presented. The advisability of concentrate with increased iron content utilization in the iron ore mixture shown.
{"title":"Study of iron content in iron ore concentrate increasing effect on sintering process indices and on metallurgical properties of sinter","authors":"G. Isaenko, D. Kovalev, N. S. Meshcheryakov, V. Mikhailov, D. S. Kim","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1032-1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1032-1038","url":null,"abstract":"Effectiveness of blast furnaces operation in many respects depends on metallurgical properties of agglomerate, in particular, iron content in the sinter and its basicity. At the same time, it is accepted that usage of iron ore concentrates with iron content more than 66–67% for sinter production results in decreasing of its strength. As a result of the planned modernization of the technological sections of the concentration plant JSC “Stoilensky GOK”, iron content in the concentrate will be increased to 68–70%. It makes it actual to accomplish comprehensive studies of metallurgical properties of the sinter while increasing iron content in the raw material. Results of the study of sinter properties presented, the sinter being obtained with utilization of iron concentrate with iron content 66.6 % (base), 68.0 and 69.2 % (exp. 1 and exp. 2 correspondently). The iron ore mixture for all the stages was the same and consisted of iron ore concentrate – 78.3%, sintering ore – 8.0%, lime – 5.5% and sintering additives (sludge, dust, scale) – 8.2%. The sintering mixtures composition for all the study stages differed only by fluxes and iron ore mixture consumption. 18 test sintering operations at three values of basicity 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 units were accomplished. It was established that increase of iron content in the concentrate and basicity of the sinter results in improving of the sintering process indices, increase of the vertical sintering rate, sintering machines productivity, recovery and the sinter cold strength. Increase of the sinter basicity and its production with increased content of iron results in improving RDI indices at low temperature reducing. Results of the study of porosity indices and metallurgical properties of the sinter presented, in particular the collapsibility during reducing and temperature interval softening-melting presented. The advisability of concentrate with increased iron content utilization in the iron ore mixture shown.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123336127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1060-1065
V. Kharitonov, N. Y. Smetneva
Hardened-tempered spring wire has a great demand in domestic automobile industry. A considerable part of such a wire is imported. In view of increase of demand in treated wire for springs of critical application and measures implementation for import substitution, perfection of technological processes of its production becomes actual. Basic technical requirements to spring wire as per domestic and foreign standards presented, the factors effecting the quality of finished products considered. Description of technological processes of hardened-tempered spring wire of critical application presented. It was shown that domestic technological scheme of treated wire production is analogous to foreign one, however to reach the quality of products, correspondent to norms нормам EN 10270-2:2012, a perfection of it is needed. Proposals to improve the technology of manufacturing domestic competitive products elaborated. Among them a necessity to use steels of Si‒Cr or Si‒Cr‒V system, additionally alloyed by manganese, cobalt, tungsten a(or) other elements highlighted. It was proposed to implement an operation of scalping instead of turning and a system of nondestructive control, to use resource-saving routes of wire drawing with high uniformity of properties, to replace hardening and tempering by thermomechanical treatment (for some kinds of wire), to use modern highly-productive equipment.
国内汽车工业对回火弹簧丝的需求量很大。这种电线有相当一部分是进口的。针对关键用途弹簧用钢丝需求的增加和进口替代措施的实施，对钢丝生产工艺流程的完善已成为现实。对弹簧丝的基本技术要求按国内外标准提出，对影响成品质量的因素进行了考虑。介绍了关键应用的回火弹簧丝的工艺流程。结果表明，国内处理钢丝生产工艺方案与国外类似，但要达到产品质量，符合нормам EN 10270-2:2012规范，还需进一步完善。提出了提高国内竞争力产品制造技术水平的建议。其中，必须使用Si-Cr或Si-Cr - v体系的钢，另外还应突出锰、钴、钨等元素的合金。建议采用剥皮代替车削加工和无损控制系统，采用资源节约、性能均匀性高的拉丝路线，用热处理(对某些种类的线材)代替调质，采用现代化的高产设备。
{"title":"Modern state and directions of perfection of technological processes of manufacturing hardened-tempered spring wire","authors":"V. Kharitonov, N. Y. Smetneva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1060-1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1060-1065","url":null,"abstract":"Hardened-tempered spring wire has a great demand in domestic automobile industry. A considerable part of such a wire is imported. In view of increase of demand in treated wire for springs of critical application and measures implementation for import substitution, perfection of technological processes of its production becomes actual. Basic technical requirements to spring wire as per domestic and foreign standards presented, the factors effecting the quality of finished products considered. Description of technological processes of hardened-tempered spring wire of critical application presented. It was shown that domestic technological scheme of treated wire production is analogous to foreign one, however to reach the quality of products, correspondent to norms нормам EN 10270-2:2012, a perfection of it is needed. Proposals to improve the technology of manufacturing domestic competitive products elaborated. Among them a necessity to use steels of Si‒Cr or Si‒Cr‒V system, additionally alloyed by manganese, cobalt, tungsten a(or) other elements highlighted. It was proposed to implement an operation of scalping instead of turning and a system of nondestructive control, to use resource-saving routes of wire drawing with high uniformity of properties, to replace hardening and tempering by thermomechanical treatment (for some kinds of wire), to use modern highly-productive equipment.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125142640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1053-1059
I. A. Pankovets, V. I. Voznaya, A. V. Vedeneev, M. Vereshchagin
Quality of long products surface is an important consumer property of it. In the process of measures elaboration aimed at the increase of long products surface quality, in particular of bars produced at the mill 370/150 of ОJSC “BMZ – managing company of holding “BMK”, studies were accomplished by metallographic laboratory. It was established that defects being revealed at the bars finishing, don’t relate to the quality of continuously casted billet (CCB), but formed in the process of deformation. Studies of the mechanism of surface defects formation on hot-rolled bar of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles were carried out. Results of numerical simulation of rolling in roughing group of stands at various temperature-deformation parameters presented. Regularities of formation of surface defects on the bar in the finished product were revealed. It was shown that the reason of the surface defects of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles was a high temperature gradient between the core and the surface of billet, originated from local overheating of surface in the angles zone of CCB resulted in nonuniformity of drawing out of different layers of the billet being deformed. To eliminate the defects, minimum possible temperature gradient between the surface and the core of a billet by controlled rolls cooling should be provided. By calculation, the maximum permissible temperature of the working surface of the rolls of the rough group of stands was established, and empirically the actual temperatures of the rolls with the current production technology, as well as the temperature of the rolls support bearings seats of the rolls were measured. The technical and technological possibilities for improving of rolling technology on a bar and wire mill in order to improve the surface quality of rolled bars were demonstrated. The existing technology was adjusted and new technological modes of rolling with controlled cooling of the rolls were established, which made it possible to significantly reduce the rejection of the finished product due to defects in rolling production. A device was proposed for the roughing group of stands, which enables to minimize the ingress of coolant onto the bar rolled.
{"title":"A study of conditions of surface defects formation when bar rolling at a bar and wire mill and methods of their elimination","authors":"I. A. Pankovets, V. I. Voznaya, A. V. Vedeneev, M. Vereshchagin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1053-1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1053-1059","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of long products surface is an important consumer property of it. In the process of measures elaboration aimed at the increase of long products surface quality, in particular of bars produced at the mill 370/150 of ОJSC “BMZ – managing company of holding “BMK”, studies were accomplished by metallographic laboratory. It was established that defects being revealed at the bars finishing, don’t relate to the quality of continuously casted billet (CCB), but formed in the process of deformation. Studies of the mechanism of surface defects formation on hot-rolled bar of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles were carried out. Results of numerical simulation of rolling in roughing group of stands at various temperature-deformation parameters presented. Regularities of formation of surface defects on the bar in the finished product were revealed. It was shown that the reason of the surface defects of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles was a high temperature gradient between the core and the surface of billet, originated from local overheating of surface in the angles zone of CCB resulted in nonuniformity of drawing out of different layers of the billet being deformed. To eliminate the defects, minimum possible temperature gradient between the surface and the core of a billet by controlled rolls cooling should be provided. By calculation, the maximum permissible temperature of the working surface of the rolls of the rough group of stands was established, and empirically the actual temperatures of the rolls with the current production technology, as well as the temperature of the rolls support bearings seats of the rolls were measured. The technical and technological possibilities for improving of rolling technology on a bar and wire mill in order to improve the surface quality of rolled bars were demonstrated. The existing technology was adjusted and new technological modes of rolling with controlled cooling of the rolls were established, which made it possible to significantly reduce the rejection of the finished product due to defects in rolling production. A device was proposed for the roughing group of stands, which enables to minimize the ingress of coolant onto the bar rolled.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"126 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132335580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1076-1081
S. Knyazev, N. Kozyrev, A. A. Usol’tsev, A. Mikhno
The formation of foundry and technological defects in castings is largely influenced by the quality of casting molds, which in most cases is determined by the composition and properties of the molding mixture. To ensure optimal parameters of the molding mixture, automation and optimization of control of technological processes of mixture preparation, algorithms for the functioning of process control systems have been developed. The description of the circuit and methods of control using process control system presented. It was shown that the algorithms provide the calculation of the generalized optimization parameter according to the values of the main physical, mechanical and technological properties of the components of the molding mixture, sequential analysis and search of the optimum by the simplex method of Nelder–Mead with restrictions on several parameters. Subsystems of the process control systems considered, which enable to change quickly the technology according to the criterion of minimum defectiveness. The algorithm for calculating the values of the generalized criterion of the quality of the mixture includes a mathematical model “composition – properties” of the mixture, linking the content of the component of the molding mixture (spent mixture, quartz sand, lignosulfonate, bentonite suspension, water) with the values of physical, mechanical and technological properties (compressive strength in the wet state, rammability, formability, gas permeability, binder content, fluidity, wetness and crumbling). The current values of the quality parameters of the mixture are determined as a result of express analysis in the shop laboratory and by automatic sensors. The proposed algorithm of optimization control of preparation of the molding mixture enables to develop recommendations of technological and organizational nature and to set recipes of the molding mixture that minimize the level of defectiveness of castings. An adapted version of the algorithm has been tested for use in the preparation of various brands of molding and rod mixtures, which indicates its versatility.
{"title":"Algorithms for controlling the preparation of molding mixtures","authors":"S. Knyazev, N. Kozyrev, A. A. Usol’tsev, A. Mikhno","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1076-1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1076-1081","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of foundry and technological defects in castings is largely influenced by the quality of casting molds, which in most cases is determined by the composition and properties of the molding mixture. To ensure optimal parameters of the molding mixture, automation and optimization of control of technological processes of mixture preparation, algorithms for the functioning of process control systems have been developed. The description of the circuit and methods of control using process control system presented. It was shown that the algorithms provide the calculation of the generalized optimization parameter according to the values of the main physical, mechanical and technological properties of the components of the molding mixture, sequential analysis and search of the optimum by the simplex method of Nelder–Mead with restrictions on several parameters. Subsystems of the process control systems considered, which enable to change quickly the technology according to the criterion of minimum defectiveness. The algorithm for calculating the values of the generalized criterion of the quality of the mixture includes a mathematical model “composition – properties” of the mixture, linking the content of the component of the molding mixture (spent mixture, quartz sand, lignosulfonate, bentonite suspension, water) with the values of physical, mechanical and technological properties (compressive strength in the wet state, rammability, formability, gas permeability, binder content, fluidity, wetness and crumbling). The current values of the quality parameters of the mixture are determined as a result of express analysis in the shop laboratory and by automatic sensors. The proposed algorithm of optimization control of preparation of the molding mixture enables to develop recommendations of technological and organizational nature and to set recipes of the molding mixture that minimize the level of defectiveness of castings. An adapted version of the algorithm has been tested for use in the preparation of various brands of molding and rod mixtures, which indicates its versatility.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133243389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1039-1045
A. Dmitriev, M. Zolotykh, G. Y. Vit’kina, L. A. Marshuk, M. S. Yalunin
Development of a technology for obtaining direct reduction iron from titanium-magnetite ores, which will be the main ore base of the Ural ferrous metallurgy in the future, is one of the urgent tasks of metallurgical science. The world and domestic experience of the development of direct iron reduction processes, which are the most environmentally friendly of all existing methods of obtaining iron from ore considered. It was shown that the technology of metallization of iron ore materials in the Midrex shaft furnace has received the most widespread application. It is noted that the accumulated experience of using Midrex technology in Russian Federation will allow increasing the production of metallurgical raw materials with a reduced carbon footprint. An algorithm and a block diagram for calculating technical and economic indicators of the metallization process for the Midrex process shaft furnace are described. A methodology for calculating material and thermal balance of the Midrex process has been developed, taking into account the use of iron ore raw materials containing vanadium and titanium in the charge. On its basis, an algorithm was developed and a mathematical model of the metallization process was implemented, calculations of the metallization process of titanium-magnetite pellets obtained from the ores of the Kachkanar deposit in the Midrex mine furnace were performed. A comparison of the indicators of the metallization process of titanomagnetite pellets carried out in the shaft furnace of JSC “OEMK named after A.A. Ugarov” and obtained using the created software product showed satisfactory convergence of the results.
{"title":"A mathematical model of metallization of titanium-magnetite ores of Kachkanar deposit in Midrex shaft furnace","authors":"A. Dmitriev, M. Zolotykh, G. Y. Vit’kina, L. A. Marshuk, M. S. Yalunin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1039-1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1039-1045","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a technology for obtaining direct reduction iron from titanium-magnetite ores, which will be the main ore base of the Ural ferrous metallurgy in the future, is one of the urgent tasks of metallurgical science. The world and domestic experience of the development of direct iron reduction processes, which are the most environmentally friendly of all existing methods of obtaining iron from ore considered. It was shown that the technology of metallization of iron ore materials in the Midrex shaft furnace has received the most widespread application. It is noted that the accumulated experience of using Midrex technology in Russian Federation will allow increasing the production of metallurgical raw materials with a reduced carbon footprint. An algorithm and a block diagram for calculating technical and economic indicators of the metallization process for the Midrex process shaft furnace are described. A methodology for calculating material and thermal balance of the Midrex process has been developed, taking into account the use of iron ore raw materials containing vanadium and titanium in the charge. On its basis, an algorithm was developed and a mathematical model of the metallization process was implemented, calculations of the metallization process of titanium-magnetite pellets obtained from the ores of the Kachkanar deposit in the Midrex mine furnace were performed. A comparison of the indicators of the metallization process of titanomagnetite pellets carried out in the shaft furnace of JSC “OEMK named after A.A. Ugarov” and obtained using the created software product showed satisfactory convergence of the results.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122869682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1046-1052
K. Litsin, D. M. Utyamishev
The mechanism of feeding slag-forming mixture (SFM) with a pneumatic drive has a number of disadvantages associated, in particular, with the uneven supply of the mixture into mould. To eliminate the drawbacks, mixture feeding device with an electric drive was designed to eliminate them. In order to ensure control of the SFM feeding process, an automated system has been developed that provides real-time information on the technological process of feeding the mixture into the mould of continuous casting machine, including speed of rotation of screw drive motors and movement of carriage, the level of the mixture in the bunkers and its consumption, temperature of the metal and slag. A software and hardware complex (SCADA-system) has been developed, which makes it possible to analyze the components of the mixture in the “online” mode and take into account the effect of changes in the supply of each of them on its composition. The dependence of the mixture consumption rate on the casting rate has been established, which can be displayed on the screen in the current mode. Application of the SCADA-system made it possible to control the developed SFM feeder both in manual and automatic modes. It was shown that the implementation of the developed automated SFM feeding device in the steelmaking production of Ural Steel, JSC will secure decreasing the SFM consumption by 2.8% and decreasing downtime by 5% due to increasing efficiency of fault detection with a total implementation cost of 200 thous. rubles.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1023-1031
Y. Dmitrak, V. Golik, V. Franchuk, V. Lyashenko
The main operation associated with the preparation of mining and metallurgical wastes for use as a hardening mixture and backfilling of mined-out space is their crushing and activation. Improving the activation processes is an urgent task, since their use can significantly increase the strength of the filling mass or reduce the consumption of the binder while maintaining its strength characteristics. For the efficient operation of mining enterprises, including ferrous metallurgy mines, it is necessary to provide highquality binders for the preparation of hardening mixtures for filling man-made voids formed during underground mining of solid mineral deposits. It has been established that the use of vibration, mechanical and electrical activation of the components of the hardening backfill mixture at mining enterprises leads to an increase in the activity of substandard materials by up to 10–40% for each apparatus. In particular, the enrichment of inert materials on a vibrating screen ГВ-1,2/3,2, Ukraine, increases the activity by 15– 20%. It has been substantiated that the activation of binders (blast-furnace granular slags) in a vertical vibrating mill МВВ-0,7, Ukraine, and a disintegrator ДУ-65 company “Disintegrator”, Estonia, increases the activity of the binder by 20–25%, when the active class of fractions 0.074 mm – by 55% is released versus 40% in ball mills. The recommended vibratory conveying installations increase the activity of the components of the hardening backfill mixture by 10–15%. The use of vibro-gravity transport installations ensures the supply of the filling mixture at a distance 15–20 times higher than the height of the vertical stack.
采矿和冶金废料制备作为硬化混合物和采空区回填的主要工序是它们的破碎和活化。改进活化工艺是一项紧迫的任务，因为它们的使用可以显着提高填充质量的强度或减少粘合剂的消耗，同时保持其强度特性。为了矿山企业(包括黑色冶金矿山)的高效运行，需要为固体矿床地下开采过程中形成的人为空洞制备硬化混合物提供高质量的粘结剂。已经确定，在矿山企业中使用振动、机械和电活化硬化回填混合物的成分，导致每台设备中不合格材料的活性增加高达10-40%。特别是，在乌克兰的振动筛ГВ-1,2/3,2上富集惰性物质，使活性增加了15 - 20%。已经证实，在乌克兰的垂直振动磨МВВ-0和爱沙尼亚的“解体机”ДУ-65公司中，结合剂(高炉颗粒渣)的活化使结合剂的活性增加了20-25%，当0.074 mm - 55%的活性级分数释放时，而在球磨机中则为40%。推荐的振动输送装置可使硬化回填混合物组分的活性提高10-15%。振动重力输送装置的使用确保了填料混合物在比垂直堆高15-20倍的距离上的供应。
{"title":"Increase of activation efficiency of hardening backfilling mixture components by application mining and metallurgical wastes","authors":"Y. Dmitrak, V. Golik, V. Franchuk, V. Lyashenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1023-1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1023-1031","url":null,"abstract":"The main operation associated with the preparation of mining and metallurgical wastes for use as a hardening mixture and backfilling of mined-out space is their crushing and activation. Improving the activation processes is an urgent task, since their use can significantly increase the strength of the filling mass or reduce the consumption of the binder while maintaining its strength characteristics. For the efficient operation of mining enterprises, including ferrous metallurgy mines, it is necessary to provide highquality binders for the preparation of hardening mixtures for filling man-made voids formed during underground mining of solid mineral deposits. It has been established that the use of vibration, mechanical and electrical activation of the components of the hardening backfill mixture at mining enterprises leads to an increase in the activity of substandard materials by up to 10–40% for each apparatus. In particular, the enrichment of inert materials on a vibrating screen ГВ-1,2/3,2, Ukraine, increases the activity by 15– 20%. It has been substantiated that the activation of binders (blast-furnace granular slags) in a vertical vibrating mill МВВ-0,7, Ukraine, and a disintegrator ДУ-65 company “Disintegrator”, Estonia, increases the activity of the binder by 20–25%, when the active class of fractions 0.074 mm – by 55% is released versus 40% in ball mills. The recommended vibratory conveying installations increase the activity of the components of the hardening backfill mixture by 10–15%. The use of vibro-gravity transport installations ensures the supply of the filling mixture at a distance 15–20 times higher than the height of the vertical stack.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128152132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1066-1075
D. Ivanov, A. Kozhukhov
Intercrystallite corrosion (ICC) is the main reason to decrease service life of pellet car grate bars made of steel 40Х24Н12СЛ. In the process of the study of microstructure of pellet car grate bars manufactured according to GOST 977–88, the structure defects were established that increase the tendency to ICC. To prevent the ICC of the bars, a mode of heat treatment was elaborated, consisting of two basic operations: air hardening with preliminary exposure within 80 minutes at the temperature 1100 °С, followed by tempering within 150 minutes at the temperature 900 °С. The study of the structure of the pilot grate bar showed that the selected mode of the hardening enables to dissolve the carbide network in the structure of the detail and crash large carbides, and the subsequent tempering contributes to the growth of the carbide phase in the entire volume of metal, partially remaining in the structure after hardening. It was shown that the proposed mode of the heat treatment contributes to bringing the structure of the metal to a more “equilibrium” state, which will allow to exclude the formation of large carbides and carbide network, growth and coagulation along the grain boundary. Results of tests of a pilot batch of grate bars installed at an industrial induration machine with a working area of 768 m2 and operating temperature of 20–1310°С presented. It was established that the elaborated technology ensures absence of casting defects in the grate bars – cracks and warping, inclination of the grate bars to ICC, increased by 23.13% heat resistance compared to the reference grate bars of foreign supply due to the globular form of carbide secretions with a minimum length of borders along which the metal matrix is depleted by chrome. Industrial testing of the grate bars manufactured under the experimental technology has proved the practical significance and applicability of the performed research.
{"title":"Increasing the service life of pellet car grate bars made of 40Х24Н12СЛ steel","authors":"D. Ivanov, A. Kozhukhov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1066-1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-10-1066-1075","url":null,"abstract":"Intercrystallite corrosion (ICC) is the main reason to decrease service life of pellet car grate bars made of steel 40Х24Н12СЛ. In the process of the study of microstructure of pellet car grate bars manufactured according to GOST 977–88, the structure defects were established that increase the tendency to ICC. To prevent the ICC of the bars, a mode of heat treatment was elaborated, consisting of two basic operations: air hardening with preliminary exposure within 80 minutes at the temperature 1100 °С, followed by tempering within 150 minutes at the temperature 900 °С. The study of the structure of the pilot grate bar showed that the selected mode of the hardening enables to dissolve the carbide network in the structure of the detail and crash large carbides, and the subsequent tempering contributes to the growth of the carbide phase in the entire volume of metal, partially remaining in the structure after hardening. It was shown that the proposed mode of the heat treatment contributes to bringing the structure of the metal to a more “equilibrium” state, which will allow to exclude the formation of large carbides and carbide network, growth and coagulation along the grain boundary. Results of tests of a pilot batch of grate bars installed at an industrial induration machine with a working area of 768 m2 and operating temperature of 20–1310°С presented. It was established that the elaborated technology ensures absence of casting defects in the grate bars – cracks and warping, inclination of the grate bars to ICC, increased by 23.13% heat resistance compared to the reference grate bars of foreign supply due to the globular form of carbide secretions with a minimum length of borders along which the metal matrix is depleted by chrome. Industrial testing of the grate bars manufactured under the experimental technology has proved the practical significance and applicability of the performed research.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121097043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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