Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1037-1045
K. Vdovin, S. Shakhov, V. Tochilkin, О. A. Filatova
Perfection of the structure and modernization of billet CCMs elements is an important task of the modem metallurgy, solving of which provides an increase of machines productivity and continuously casted billets quality. The system tundish (T) -submerged nuzzle (SN) - tube mold (TM) and its facilities, forming the flows of metal in the tundish and the mold, are most important technological units of a billets CCM. Different designs of the equipment of the system T-SN-TM for metal supply to the tube mold with T rational installation in the TM considered, which allowed to decrease steel flows turbulence. It was shown, that the decrease of flow turbulence results in a decrease of liquid steel streams speed near the tube mold walls in the area of crystallizing ingot and provides favorable conditions for forming solidifying continuously casted billet of small section, provides the billet hard shell forming and decreases probability of emergency situations. The processes of metal flows control in the presented system also shown. General view of the system T-SN-TM of a billet CCM and its controlled parameters presented. General geometric dimensions of the mold and technological parameters of the casting process also presented. To evaluate peculiarities of the casting process in the system T-SN-TM at different values of axes offset of the SN and the mold, a mathematical simulation was accomplished. A model of internal volume of the metal, moving by a closed stream through the submerged nuzzle of the tundish into the TM upper part was built by means of a solid-state simulation package.
{"title":"Design of the system tundish-submerged nuzzle-tube mold of billet CCM under conditions of linear offsets of nuzzle and mold axes","authors":"K. Vdovin, S. Shakhov, V. Tochilkin, О. A. Filatova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1037-1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-9-1037-1045","url":null,"abstract":"Perfection of the structure and modernization of billet CCMs elements is an important task of the modem metallurgy, solving of which provides an increase of machines productivity and continuously casted billets quality. The system tundish (T) -submerged nuzzle (SN) - tube mold (TM) and its facilities, forming the flows of metal in the tundish and the mold, are most important technological units of a billets CCM. Different designs of the equipment of the system T-SN-TM for metal supply to the tube mold with T rational installation in the TM considered, which allowed to decrease steel flows turbulence. It was shown, that the decrease of flow turbulence results in a decrease of liquid steel streams speed near the tube mold walls in the area of crystallizing ingot and provides favorable conditions for forming solidifying continuously casted billet of small section, provides the billet hard shell forming and decreases probability of emergency situations. The processes of metal flows control in the presented system also shown. General view of the system T-SN-TM of a billet CCM and its controlled parameters presented. General geometric dimensions of the mold and technological parameters of the casting process also presented. To evaluate peculiarities of the casting process in the system T-SN-TM at different values of axes offset of the SN and the mold, a mathematical simulation was accomplished. A model of internal volume of the metal, moving by a closed stream through the submerged nuzzle of the tundish into the TM upper part was built by means of a solid-state simulation package.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130792864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-8-780-789
G. V. Galevskii, O. A. Polyakh, V. Rudneva, A. Anikin
The unique combination of physical and chemical properties of molybdenum, required by modern material science, predetermines the variety of applications of molybdenum-containing alloys and molybdenumcontaining metal products: metallurgy, various-profile mechanical engineering, electro-thermal equipment, as well as the need to systematize and update the scientific and technological information accumulated in molybdenum metallurgy. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the current state of molybdenum production and application, including such issues as production of molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum and its alloys, industrial range of molybdenum and its alloys products, molybdenum consumption structure, identification of dominant trends and their forecasting in the medium term.Technical and economical information on production and consumption of molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum and its alloys was evaluated and systematized. The existing range of products from molybdenum and its alloys, the structure of world molybdenum consumption were evaluated, dominant trends and forecasts for the nearest period were determined. It was stated, that the main technology of molybdenum production is hydrogen reduction from high purity trioxide (up to 99.9%) in the form of powder followed by its compaction. The main producers of molybdenum are the United States, Chile, China, Peru, Canada and Mexico, which account for more than 90% of world production. In 2018, global consumption of molybdenum was about 262,000 tons, about 20% less than in 2011–2012. Ferromolybdenum is produced in Russia and abroad of various brands with molybdenum content of 50– 70%. Currently, the producers of ferromolybdenum in Russia are Sorsky, Zhireken ferromolybdenum and Nizhnevolzhsky ferroalloy plants. The total production capacity of Russian enterprises is estimated at 8.5 thousand tons of ferromolybdenum per year. Metallurgical enterprises of Russia declare production of 33 different types of intermediate products and final products from molybdenum and its alloys.
{"title":"Assessment of current trends in production of molybdenum, its alloys and molybdenum-containing products","authors":"G. V. Galevskii, O. A. Polyakh, V. Rudneva, A. Anikin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-8-780-789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-8-780-789","url":null,"abstract":"The unique combination of physical and chemical properties of molybdenum, required by modern material science, predetermines the variety of applications of molybdenum-containing alloys and molybdenumcontaining metal products: metallurgy, various-profile mechanical engineering, electro-thermal equipment, as well as the need to systematize and update the scientific and technological information accumulated in molybdenum metallurgy. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the current state of molybdenum production and application, including such issues as production of molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum and its alloys, industrial range of molybdenum and its alloys products, molybdenum consumption structure, identification of dominant trends and their forecasting in the medium term.Technical and economical information on production and consumption of molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum and its alloys was evaluated and systematized. The existing range of products from molybdenum and its alloys, the structure of world molybdenum consumption were evaluated, dominant trends and forecasts for the nearest period were determined. It was stated, that the main technology of molybdenum production is hydrogen reduction from high purity trioxide (up to 99.9%) in the form of powder followed by its compaction. The main producers of molybdenum are the United States, Chile, China, Peru, Canada and Mexico, which account for more than 90% of world production. In 2018, global consumption of molybdenum was about 262,000 tons, about 20% less than in 2011–2012. Ferromolybdenum is produced in Russia and abroad of various brands with molybdenum content of 50– 70%. Currently, the producers of ferromolybdenum in Russia are Sorsky, Zhireken ferromolybdenum and Nizhnevolzhsky ferroalloy plants. The total production capacity of Russian enterprises is estimated at 8.5 thousand tons of ferromolybdenum per year. Metallurgical enterprises of Russia declare production of 33 different types of intermediate products and final products from molybdenum and its alloys.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126302991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-700-708
A. Kem, E. Y. Roshchupkina, A. Kozhukhov
To fulfil the requirements for pipe steels of strength group D in terms of sulfur content, the metal is subjected to ladle desulfurization. In the course of desulfurization, in order to reduce its duration, steel is mixed in the ladle by blowing with argon. To optimize the desulfurization process, a methodology has been developed for evaluating its technological parameters, which allows determining under production conditions the intensity of steel blowing in the ladle. As initial data for comparative calculations of the technological parameters of the process of desulfurization of pipe steel in a ladle according to the developed method, the indicators of industrial melts were used, including the chemical composition of steel and the main technological data characterizing the production parameters of desulfurization of pipe steels of strength group D. The algorithm for using the proposed technique provides for the calculation of sulfur activity and the coefficient of sulfur activity in a steel melt of a given composition; determination of the oxidizing potential of the slag-metal system and the sulfide capacity of the slag; calculation of the equilibrium sulfur distribution coefficient between steel and slag, as well as the volumetric mass transfer coefficient under equilibrium and production conditions. To determine the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of sulfur dissolved in a metal with slag, the sorption ability of the slags of the analyzed melts with respect to sulfur was calculated. Data are presented on the effect of sulfur activity in experimental melts on the final sulfur content in steel. The rational limits of the value of the integral indicator of the composition of refining slags and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, which provide the best indicators of the process of desulfurization of steel, were determined. The dependences of the influence of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient on the duration of the process and the final sulfur content in the metal were established. The proposed methodology for assessing the technological parameters of steel desulfurization can optimize the duration of its individual stages and, thereby, reduce the cost of the process as a whole.
{"title":"Development of a calculation method for evaluating technological parameters of the desulphurization process in a ladle","authors":"A. Kem, E. Y. Roshchupkina, A. Kozhukhov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-700-708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-700-708","url":null,"abstract":"To fulfil the requirements for pipe steels of strength group D in terms of sulfur content, the metal is subjected to ladle desulfurization. In the course of desulfurization, in order to reduce its duration, steel is mixed in the ladle by blowing with argon. To optimize the desulfurization process, a methodology has been developed for evaluating its technological parameters, which allows determining under production conditions the intensity of steel blowing in the ladle. As initial data for comparative calculations of the technological parameters of the process of desulfurization of pipe steel in a ladle according to the developed method, the indicators of industrial melts were used, including the chemical composition of steel and the main technological data characterizing the production parameters of desulfurization of pipe steels of strength group D. The algorithm for using the proposed technique provides for the calculation of sulfur activity and the coefficient of sulfur activity in a steel melt of a given composition; determination of the oxidizing potential of the slag-metal system and the sulfide capacity of the slag; calculation of the equilibrium sulfur distribution coefficient between steel and slag, as well as the volumetric mass transfer coefficient under equilibrium and production conditions. To determine the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of sulfur dissolved in a metal with slag, the sorption ability of the slags of the analyzed melts with respect to sulfur was calculated. Data are presented on the effect of sulfur activity in experimental melts on the final sulfur content in steel. The rational limits of the value of the integral indicator of the composition of refining slags and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, which provide the best indicators of the process of desulfurization of steel, were determined. The dependences of the influence of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient on the duration of the process and the final sulfur content in the metal were established. The proposed methodology for assessing the technological parameters of steel desulfurization can optimize the duration of its individual stages and, thereby, reduce the cost of the process as a whole.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132765785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-691-699
V. Lyalyuk
In the commissioning period of the development of pulverized coal injection technology (PCI) on a blast furnace No. 9 with a volume of 5000 m3 of PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”, frequent cases of burnout of refrigerators of the cooling system of the shoulders and air tyueres appeared due to the highly developed peripheral gas flow. An attempt to limit the gas flow at the periphery by controlling the distribution of charge materials on the top produced a short-term result. Based on the prevailing ideas, that to reduce the intensity of the peripheral gas flow, it is necessary to increase the speed of the blast and, accordingly, the kinetic energy of the blast flow, flowing out of the air tuyeres of a blast furnace, it was decided to reduce their diameter. As a result of analysis of the operation of the specified blast furnace using the technology of PCI on tuyeres with a diameter of 150 and 140 mm, increased peripheral gas flow with a smaller diameter was established. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were made by many researchers and it was shown that with constant kinetic energy of the blast, flowing from the tuyeres of different diameters, the dimensions of the combustion zone are always larger before the tuyeres of a larger diameter. This is explained by the fact that the kinetic energy of the gas flow is only a part of their total mechanical energy. It was shown that to analyze the change in the size of the combustion zones and the depth of penetration of the hearth gas, it is necessary to use the full mechanical energy of the flows of the combined blast on the cut of the tuyere and hearth gas. It was established that the transition to PCI in a blast furnace instead of natural gas, it always causes an increase in the peripheral gas flow. The main reason for this phenomenon is associated with a decrease in the total mechanical energy of blast and hearth gas. It was recommended on a blast furnace with a volume of 5000 m3 with a hearth diameter of 14.7 m and the PCI technology to maintain the total mechanical energy of the blast flow at least 2100–2600 kJ/s, and the full mechanical energy of the hearth gas flow at least 5100–5300 kJ/s.
{"title":"Analysis of the blast furnace operations with a volume of 5000 m3 on tuyeres of different diameters from the positions of full mechanical energies of flows of combined blow and hearth gas","authors":"V. Lyalyuk","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-691-699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-691-699","url":null,"abstract":"In the commissioning period of the development of pulverized coal injection technology (PCI) on a blast furnace No. 9 with a volume of 5000 m3 of PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”, frequent cases of burnout of refrigerators of the cooling system of the shoulders and air tyueres appeared due to the highly developed peripheral gas flow. An attempt to limit the gas flow at the periphery by controlling the distribution of charge materials on the top produced a short-term result. Based on the prevailing ideas, that to reduce the intensity of the peripheral gas flow, it is necessary to increase the speed of the blast and, accordingly, the kinetic energy of the blast flow, flowing out of the air tuyeres of a blast furnace, it was decided to reduce their diameter. As a result of analysis of the operation of the specified blast furnace using the technology of PCI on tuyeres with a diameter of 150 and 140 mm, increased peripheral gas flow with a smaller diameter was established. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were made by many researchers and it was shown that with constant kinetic energy of the blast, flowing from the tuyeres of different diameters, the dimensions of the combustion zone are always larger before the tuyeres of a larger diameter. This is explained by the fact that the kinetic energy of the gas flow is only a part of their total mechanical energy. It was shown that to analyze the change in the size of the combustion zones and the depth of penetration of the hearth gas, it is necessary to use the full mechanical energy of the flows of the combined blast on the cut of the tuyere and hearth gas. It was established that the transition to PCI in a blast furnace instead of natural gas, it always causes an increase in the peripheral gas flow. The main reason for this phenomenon is associated with a decrease in the total mechanical energy of blast and hearth gas. It was recommended on a blast furnace with a volume of 5000 m3 with a hearth diameter of 14.7 m and the PCI technology to maintain the total mechanical energy of the blast flow at least 2100–2600 kJ/s, and the full mechanical energy of the hearth gas flow at least 5100–5300 kJ/s.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115687828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-676-690
Yurii S. Semenov, A. Podkorytov, V. V. Gorupakha, I. Y. Semion, A. Y. Orobtsev, E. I. Shumel’chik
Operation of Ukraine ferrous metallurgy under conditions of dependence on import and instability of energy carriers supply, shortage of investments in modernization of production equipment, make the matter of cooperation between steel-works and research organization particularly actual. Basic results of cooperation between Z.I. Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous metallurgy, NAN of Ukraine and Dnepr steel-works in 2017–2019 on blast sfurnace operation pefection and technology of powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcination furnaces. Results of the finding of the powdered coal optimal consumption shown, which ensure a high efficiency of the coke substitution, reaching of maximum possible blast furnace productivity as well as satisfactory utilization degree of the reducing gas ability. Results of implementation of a complex of measures presented, which ensure a rational distribution of the powdered coal by BF air tuyeres for making the heat conditions of the tuyere zone even by the blast furnace circle. Efficiency of application of technology of joint injection the powdered coal and natural gas was shown, which is achieved by improving the powdered coal combustion conditions in case of increase their mixing degree. Recommendations quoted for blast furnaces starting-up after their idling for a period exceeding the permissible one, without tapping the plug hot metal. The recommendations ensure an accident-free putting a blast furnace into operation followed by reaching planned parameters. Results of usage sensors information, measuring temperature of gas flow above the charge surface presented. The results allow to prove the correction of blast furnace charging mode by an expert module, generating correction impact to support control actions by technological personal. A complex of measures formed to prevent a disturbance of a blast furnace running in case of powdered coal injection in an amount exceeding 140 kg/t of hot metal and without application of special washover materials. The results of efficiency of the mastered technology, envisaging application manganese-bearing materials at a constant base, were shown. Results of diagnostics of workability of the facility for powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcinating furnace presented, followed by elaboration recommendation on correction parameters of injection facility operation.
{"title":"Еfficiency increase of powdered coal application at hot metal production and limestone calcination under unstable technology conditions","authors":"Yurii S. Semenov, A. Podkorytov, V. V. Gorupakha, I. Y. Semion, A. Y. Orobtsev, E. I. Shumel’chik","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-676-690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-676-690","url":null,"abstract":"Operation of Ukraine ferrous metallurgy under conditions of dependence on import and instability of energy carriers supply, shortage of investments in modernization of production equipment, make the matter of cooperation between steel-works and research organization particularly actual. Basic results of cooperation between Z.I. Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous metallurgy, NAN of Ukraine and Dnepr steel-works in 2017–2019 on blast sfurnace operation pefection and technology of powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcination furnaces. Results of the finding of the powdered coal optimal consumption shown, which ensure a high efficiency of the coke substitution, reaching of maximum possible blast furnace productivity as well as satisfactory utilization degree of the reducing gas ability. Results of implementation of a complex of measures presented, which ensure a rational distribution of the powdered coal by BF air tuyeres for making the heat conditions of the tuyere zone even by the blast furnace circle. Efficiency of application of technology of joint injection the powdered coal and natural gas was shown, which is achieved by improving the powdered coal combustion conditions in case of increase their mixing degree. Recommendations quoted for blast furnaces starting-up after their idling for a period exceeding the permissible one, without tapping the plug hot metal. The recommendations ensure an accident-free putting a blast furnace into operation followed by reaching planned parameters. Results of usage sensors information, measuring temperature of gas flow above the charge surface presented. The results allow to prove the correction of blast furnace charging mode by an expert module, generating correction impact to support control actions by technological personal. A complex of measures formed to prevent a disturbance of a blast furnace running in case of powdered coal injection in an amount exceeding 140 kg/t of hot metal and without application of special washover materials. The results of efficiency of the mastered technology, envisaging application manganese-bearing materials at a constant base, were shown. Results of diagnostics of workability of the facility for powdered coal injection into rotating limestone calcinating furnace presented, followed by elaboration recommendation on correction parameters of injection facility operation.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-614-619
Кажущаяся Плотность Металловключений, Извлеченных, ИЗ Ванадиевого Шлака, Очищенных ОТ Шлака
Technology of vanadium slag (VS) production and extraction vanadium out of it is money- and labor-consuming process, that stipulates the actuality of study of physical, mechanical and technological properties of VS and influences the effectiveness of its processing and utilization. It was noted, that the oxidizing-siliceous addition (OSA), used as a dilutant in the process of vanadium extraction, enables to ensure basic components content in the VS accounting the Technical Specifications ТУ 14-11-187–86. However, it changes the chemical and mineral compositions and distribution of metal inclusions by slag fractions, therefore all the studied parameters were considered by variants with the OSA and without it. The averaged chemical composition of VS, its mineral phases content and metal inclusions content presented. It was shown, that existing methods of evaluation of metal inclusions content in the VS do not ensure repeatability of the results. A methodology was proposed to evaluate slagging of metal inclusions by the hydrostatic weighing method. Besides, Influence of OSA on physical and mechanical properties of vanadium slag. A dependence of metal content in slag on its apparent density determined, which will increase accuracy of calculations of capacity of transport facilities, bunkers, warehouses etc. The study of the VS strength characteristics, knowledge of which is important for correct choice of crushing and grinding equipment, was accomplished with samples obtained with additions OSA and without OSA. The results obtained showed, that the strength of the VS without OSA is significantly higher, and the indices of crushability is lower, comparing with VS with OSA utilization. The VS with OSA additions is mechanical processed easier – at crushing, grinding. Besides, in this case the metal inclusions are opened better and during extraction out of a slag they are less slaggy.
{"title":"Study of physical and mechanical properties of vanadium slag","authors":"Кажущаяся Плотность Металловключений, Извлеченных, ИЗ Ванадиевого Шлака, Очищенных ОТ Шлака","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-614-619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-614-619","url":null,"abstract":"Technology of vanadium slag (VS) production and extraction vanadium out of it is money- and labor-consuming process, that stipulates the actuality of study of physical, mechanical and technological properties of VS and influences the effectiveness of its processing and utilization. It was noted, that the oxidizing-siliceous addition (OSA), used as a dilutant in the process of vanadium extraction, enables to ensure basic components content in the VS accounting the Technical Specifications ТУ 14-11-187–86. However, it changes the chemical and mineral compositions and distribution of metal inclusions by slag fractions, therefore all the studied parameters were considered by variants with the OSA and without it. The averaged chemical composition of VS, its mineral phases content and metal inclusions content presented. It was shown, that existing methods of evaluation of metal inclusions content in the VS do not ensure repeatability of the results. A methodology was proposed to evaluate slagging of metal inclusions by the hydrostatic weighing method. Besides, Influence of OSA on physical and mechanical properties of vanadium slag. A dependence of metal content in slag on its apparent density determined, which will increase accuracy of calculations of capacity of transport facilities, bunkers, warehouses etc. The study of the VS strength characteristics, knowledge of which is important for correct choice of crushing and grinding equipment, was accomplished with samples obtained with additions OSA and without OSA. The results obtained showed, that the strength of the VS without OSA is significantly higher, and the indices of crushability is lower, comparing with VS with OSA utilization. The VS with OSA additions is mechanical processed easier – at crushing, grinding. Besides, in this case the metal inclusions are opened better and during extraction out of a slag they are less slaggy.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130958352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-5-449-456
V. Titov, A. Radyuk, I. A. Levitskii, A. I. Ternovykh, A. Titlyanov, T. Sidorova
{"title":"Study of processes in the blast channel of blast furnace air tuyere when using PCI","authors":"V. Titov, A. Radyuk, I. A. Levitskii, A. I. Ternovykh, A. Titlyanov, T. Sidorova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-5-449-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-5-449-456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121224487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-353-358
A. Babenko, M. Ushakov, L. Mikhailova
To increase technological, technical and economical parameters in electric steelmaking, operation of modern EAFs under magnesia slags is a perspective way. Therefore, forming the magnesia slags, ensuring early formation of a stable refining slag foam, is an actuals task. The slag foam must have not only high refining properties, ensuring necessary degree of steel desulphurization, but also have low aggressive impact on refractory lining of EAF. The aim of the work was the study of influence of slags oxidation, basicity and saturation degree by magnesium oxide on their refining properties in EAF ДСП-135. In the process of the stud, industrial high-magnesia slags were used, formed in reducing and oxidizing periods of heat running in EAF ДСП-135. The refining properties of high-magnesia slags were evaluated by equilibrium phosphor concentration under slags of the investigated oxide system, completeness of phosphor oxidation reaction progress by periods of heat in the EAF and by variation of actual phosphor content in metal during oxidation period of heat. To calculate the equilibrium phosphor content under magnesia slags, the known calculation method was used with application of V.A. Kozheurov’ model, adapted to real oxide system. It was determined, that the forming of slags of oxidizing period with basicity of 1.9 and higher in the area, tending to their saturation by magnesium oxide, ensures the metal dephosphorization process development. At the basicity less 1.9, the development of metal dephosphorization process does not take place, and phosphor reduction process from slag in the metal is observed, resulting in an increase of its concentration, comparing with phosphor in the metal of melting period in average by 0.0005%. At the basicity of slags of oxidizing period 1.9 and higher, the process of the metal rephosphorization practically is not observed and phosphor content in the metal is at the level of its concentration in the metal of melting period. To keep high refining properties it was recommended to form the magnesia slags within the melting period and oxidizing period in the area tending to saturation by magnesium oxide with the basicity not lower 1.9.
{"title":"Refining properties of magnesia slags by heat periods in EAF ДСП-135 with various degree of saturation by magnesium oxide","authors":"A. Babenko, M. Ushakov, L. Mikhailova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-353-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-353-358","url":null,"abstract":"To increase technological, technical and economical parameters in electric steelmaking, operation of modern EAFs under magnesia slags is a perspective way. Therefore, forming the magnesia slags, ensuring early formation of a stable refining slag foam, is an actuals task. The slag foam must have not only high refining properties, ensuring necessary degree of steel desulphurization, but also have low aggressive impact on refractory lining of EAF. The aim of the work was the study of influence of slags oxidation, basicity and saturation degree by magnesium oxide on their refining properties in EAF ДСП-135. In the process of the stud, industrial high-magnesia slags were used, formed in reducing and oxidizing periods of heat running in EAF ДСП-135. The refining properties of high-magnesia slags were evaluated by equilibrium phosphor concentration under slags of the investigated oxide system, completeness of phosphor oxidation reaction progress by periods of heat in the EAF and by variation of actual phosphor content in metal during oxidation period of heat. To calculate the equilibrium phosphor content under magnesia slags, the known calculation method was used with application of V.A. Kozheurov’ model, adapted to real oxide system. It was determined, that the forming of slags of oxidizing period with basicity of 1.9 and higher in the area, tending to their saturation by magnesium oxide, ensures the metal dephosphorization process development. At the basicity less 1.9, the development of metal dephosphorization process does not take place, and phosphor reduction process from slag in the metal is observed, resulting in an increase of its concentration, comparing with phosphor in the metal of melting period in average by 0.0005%. At the basicity of slags of oxidizing period 1.9 and higher, the process of the metal rephosphorization practically is not observed and phosphor content in the metal is at the level of its concentration in the metal of melting period. To keep high refining properties it was recommended to form the magnesia slags within the melting period and oxidizing period in the area tending to saturation by magnesium oxide with the basicity not lower 1.9.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125643143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-339-343
A. Dmitriev, M. Zolotykh, G. Vitkina
. At present in view of computers and control systems development, the role of digitizing and digital transformation of metallurgical production has increased. The most important element of the transformation to digital metallurgy is the concept “Industry 4.0”. The basic components of the digital metallurgy are mathematical models of physical and chemical processes, running in metallurgical aggregates and databases of these processes. The Institute of Metallurgy of Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences proposed an array of technical solutions for perfection of sintering and blast furnace production by application of digital technologies within the “Industry 4.0” concept. The proposed solutions are as follows: two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis of forecast of blast furnace smelting phenomena, monitoring of BF hearth refractory lining state, optimization of composition and increase of metallurgical characteristics of iron ore sinter and coke. These technical solutions have been trialed at sintering plants, coke-production plants and at blast furnace shops of Russia and China.
{"title":"Perfection of sinter, coke and blast furnace production by application of digital technologies within the frame of “Industry 4.0” concept","authors":"A. Dmitriev, M. Zolotykh, G. Vitkina","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-339-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-339-343","url":null,"abstract":". At present in view of computers and control systems development, the role of digitizing and digital transformation of metallurgical production has increased. The most important element of the transformation to digital metallurgy is the concept “Industry 4.0”. The basic components of the digital metallurgy are mathematical models of physical and chemical processes, running in metallurgical aggregates and databases of these processes. The Institute of Metallurgy of Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences proposed an array of technical solutions for perfection of sintering and blast furnace production by application of digital technologies within the “Industry 4.0” concept. The proposed solutions are as follows: two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis of forecast of blast furnace smelting phenomena, monitoring of BF hearth refractory lining state, optimization of composition and increase of metallurgical characteristics of iron ore sinter and coke. These technical solutions have been trialed at sintering plants, coke-production plants and at blast furnace shops of Russia and China.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"83 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120840729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2020-3-242-250
V. Belov, E. Gubarev, O. Krivko, A. Papshev, N. Gofman, E. G. Samorodova
{"title":"Determination of adhesive characteristics of coatings by application a modern scratch test. Part 2. Examples of technological tasks solution by application scratch test","authors":"V. Belov, E. Gubarev, O. Krivko, A. Papshev, N. Gofman, E. G. Samorodova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2020-3-242-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-3-242-250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125473320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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