Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-869-875
K. Kosyrev, D. G. Elanskii, M. A. Baranenko
From May 24 to May 27, 2021 the XVIth International of steelmakers took place in Ekaterinburg, in which 324 specialists took part. The Congress began from the plenary session following by the work in the four sections: “Ore processing, reducing processes, blast furnase and nonblast-furnace ironmaking”, “Technologies of steel production, simulation and process control”, “Casting, crystallization and finishing properties of steel”, “Energy effectiveness, resources saving and ecology”. More than 80 reports were delivered and discussed. Within the congress a competition of young specialists (students and postgraduates) was organized. An innovation of the congress was organization of round tables, where actual items were being discussed. The activity of the participants showed a high actuality of both the subjects and the parties dialog format. The company “VPO Steel” organized a round table “The role of refractories in metallurgy”. Representatives of largest metallurgical companies took part in the discussion. Round table “Perspetives of carbonless metallurgy – a myth ar reality” attracted lively interest of the participants. The participants of the round table heard the reports by subjects related to decrease of carbon footprint and problems of hydrogen energetics development in steel industry. The closing plenary meeting of the XVIth congress of steelmakers was devoted to discussion of the results of sections work and elaboration of some recomendationd, made as a resolution.
{"title":"Results of the XVIth International congress of steelmakes","authors":"K. Kosyrev, D. G. Elanskii, M. A. Baranenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-869-875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-869-875","url":null,"abstract":"From May 24 to May 27, 2021 the XVIth International of steelmakers took place in Ekaterinburg, in which 324 specialists took part. The Congress began from the plenary session following by the work in the four sections: “Ore processing, reducing processes, blast furnase and nonblast-furnace ironmaking”, “Technologies of steel production, simulation and process control”, “Casting, crystallization and finishing properties of steel”, “Energy effectiveness, resources saving and ecology”. More than 80 reports were delivered and discussed. Within the congress a competition of young specialists (students and postgraduates) was organized. An innovation of the congress was organization of round tables, where actual items were being discussed. The activity of the participants showed a high actuality of both the subjects and the parties dialog format. The company “VPO Steel” organized a round table “The role of refractories in metallurgy”. Representatives of largest metallurgical companies took part in the discussion. Round table “Perspetives of carbonless metallurgy – a myth ar reality” attracted lively interest of the participants. The participants of the round table heard the reports by subjects related to decrease of carbon footprint and problems of hydrogen energetics development in steel industry. The closing plenary meeting of the XVIth congress of steelmakers was devoted to discussion of the results of sections work and elaboration of some recomendationd, made as a resolution.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122134769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-969-976
A. G. Chernyatevich, L. Molchanov, E. Sigarev, S. Dudchenko, V. V. Vakal’chuk, P. Yushkevich, K. Chubin, A. A. Pokhvalityi, E. Chubina
Interaction of the upper oxygen jets with the BOF bath considerably effects the hot metal refining flow. To optimize the lances designs and methods of BOF bath blowing, information is needed on the actual physical and technical phenomena taking place during top blowing of BOF bath by groups of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets. It was shown that obtaining the information is possible at high temperature simulation of the BOF bath blowing by application oxygen lances of various designs and video registration. Results of previous studies by filming of the blowing in a BOF and OHF presented. Description of modern facilities of high temperature simulation within a multi-purpose 160 and 60‒80 kg BOFs, equipped by special manholes for observation and registration by video camera the physicochemical processes taking place on the surface of the bath presented. In particular the manholes made it possible to observe the processes taking place at various methods of top and combined blowing of the BOF bath by application regular, two-circuit and double-flow oxygen lances. A methodology of test heats carrying out presented, which ensured obtaining important practical information on forming and variation of dimensions of the reaction zone. In particular, information was obtained about the interaction of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets with the metal melt, development of afterburning, emission out of reaction zone C to CO2 in the subsonic and sonic oxygen jets with forming high temperature flares directed on the BOF bath surface or penetrated in the foamed slag, emissions of slag-metal suspension out the BOF, forming of metal-slag sculls on the lance tube during the blowing with various level of foamed slag-metal emulsion.
{"title":"Video registration of physicochemical processes in BOF cavity at bath top blowing at application oxygen lances of various designs. Report 1. Facility and methodology of the study","authors":"A. G. Chernyatevich, L. Molchanov, E. Sigarev, S. Dudchenko, V. V. Vakal’chuk, P. Yushkevich, K. Chubin, A. A. Pokhvalityi, E. Chubina","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-969-976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-969-976","url":null,"abstract":"Interaction of the upper oxygen jets with the BOF bath considerably effects the hot metal refining flow. To optimize the lances designs and methods of BOF bath blowing, information is needed on the actual physical and technical phenomena taking place during top blowing of BOF bath by groups of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets. It was shown that obtaining the information is possible at high temperature simulation of the BOF bath blowing by application oxygen lances of various designs and video registration. Results of previous studies by filming of the blowing in a BOF and OHF presented. Description of modern facilities of high temperature simulation within a multi-purpose 160 and 60‒80 kg BOFs, equipped by special manholes for observation and registration by video camera the physicochemical processes taking place on the surface of the bath presented. In particular the manholes made it possible to observe the processes taking place at various methods of top and combined blowing of the BOF bath by application regular, two-circuit and double-flow oxygen lances. A methodology of test heats carrying out presented, which ensured obtaining important practical information on forming and variation of dimensions of the reaction zone. In particular, information was obtained about the interaction of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets with the metal melt, development of afterburning, emission out of reaction zone C to CO2 in the subsonic and sonic oxygen jets with forming high temperature flares directed on the BOF bath surface or penetrated in the foamed slag, emissions of slag-metal suspension out the BOF, forming of metal-slag sculls on the lance tube during the blowing with various level of foamed slag-metal emulsion.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124383817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-918-924
L. N. Shevelev
According to the Russia National cadastre, emissions of carbon dioxide in the steel industry in 2019 in the sector “Industrial emissions” accounted for near 50% of the whole volume of its emissions in the whole country’s industry. A perspective way to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases is application of hydrogen in technological processes of metallurgical stuff production. A brief characteristic of basic technologies of hydrogen production presented. Concept of hydrogen technology development in steel industry of Russia stated, basic directions of metallurgical subindustries restructing related to implementation of the new fuel – “brown” hydrogen presented. Possibilities of “brown” hydrogen obtaining as a secondary energy resource of metallurgical production considered. Results of calculation of economic, energy and ecological effectiveness of cast iron, steel and “brown” hydrogen production in electric-furnace melting facilities of new type presented. It was shown that replacement of scheme “blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace”, including production of sinter and coke, by electric-furnace melting production with obtaining hot metal and steel from ore-coal briquettes and application of “brown” hydrogen and recycling of carbon dioxide enables to exclude greenhouse gases emissions. Capital investment into the hydrogen project of 1.0 million t/year capacity with restructing production capacities will account for 9.5 billion Rubles (120.0 million euro), economical effect – 5.4 billion Rubles (70.0 million euro), period of capital investments payback – 1.8 year.
{"title":"Assessment of economic, energy and ecological efficiency of iron and steel production from orecoal briquettes in electric-furnace melting facility with application of hydrogen fuel","authors":"L. N. Shevelev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-918-924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-918-924","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Russia National cadastre, emissions of carbon dioxide in the steel industry in 2019 in the sector “Industrial emissions” accounted for near 50% of the whole volume of its emissions in the whole country’s industry. A perspective way to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases is application of hydrogen in technological processes of metallurgical stuff production. A brief characteristic of basic technologies of hydrogen production presented. Concept of hydrogen technology development in steel industry of Russia stated, basic directions of metallurgical subindustries restructing related to implementation of the new fuel – “brown” hydrogen presented. Possibilities of “brown” hydrogen obtaining as a secondary energy resource of metallurgical production considered. Results of calculation of economic, energy and ecological effectiveness of cast iron, steel and “brown” hydrogen production in electric-furnace melting facilities of new type presented. It was shown that replacement of scheme “blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace”, including production of sinter and coke, by electric-furnace melting production with obtaining hot metal and steel from ore-coal briquettes and application of “brown” hydrogen and recycling of carbon dioxide enables to exclude greenhouse gases emissions. Capital investment into the hydrogen project of 1.0 million t/year capacity with restructing production capacities will account for 9.5 billion Rubles (120.0 million euro), economical effect – 5.4 billion Rubles (70.0 million euro), period of capital investments payback – 1.8 year.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127148285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-957-968
A. A. Butkarev, E. A. Butkareva
At present, mainly straight grate machines (SGM) and combined facilities grate-tube-type kiln-cooler (GKC) are used for heat-strengthening induration of iron ore pellets. Their total share in the produced iron ore pellets in the world accounts for 93%, of which SGM takes 60% and GKC – 33%, which speaks about high efficiency of both methods of induration. At the same time, when making decision on construction a pelletizing plant, a question of selection of most effective technology of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC often arises. Results of comparative analysis of efficiency of technologies of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC presented. Features of various ore types pellets induration considered as well as possibilities of ensuring the required quality of finished pellets at application for induration SGM and GKC. Data on maximum productivity of the considered induration facilities, amount of dust, fines formation, emissions of harmful substances into environment and electric energy consumption presented. Importance of a possibility of accounting of fuel type selection, of heat expenses for heat treatment, of expenses for maintenance, capital and operation costs were noted. It was shown that choice of a particular variant of technology should be done at the stage of elaboration feasibility study accounting existing experience of facilities running, availability of fuel types, cost of energy resources, climate zone and assembling solutions.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of straight grate machines and combined facilities grate-tubetype kiln-cooler for selection technologies of pellets production","authors":"A. A. Butkarev, E. A. Butkareva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-957-968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-957-968","url":null,"abstract":"At present, mainly straight grate machines (SGM) and combined facilities grate-tube-type kiln-cooler (GKC) are used for heat-strengthening induration of iron ore pellets. Their total share in the produced iron ore pellets in the world accounts for 93%, of which SGM takes 60% and GKC – 33%, which speaks about high efficiency of both methods of induration. At the same time, when making decision on construction a pelletizing plant, a question of selection of most effective technology of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC often arises. Results of comparative analysis of efficiency of technologies of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC presented. Features of various ore types pellets induration considered as well as possibilities of ensuring the required quality of finished pellets at application for induration SGM and GKC. Data on maximum productivity of the considered induration facilities, amount of dust, fines formation, emissions of harmful substances into environment and electric energy consumption presented. Importance of a possibility of accounting of fuel type selection, of heat expenses for heat treatment, of expenses for maintenance, capital and operation costs were noted. It was shown that choice of a particular variant of technology should be done at the stage of elaboration feasibility study accounting existing experience of facilities running, availability of fuel types, cost of energy resources, climate zone and assembling solutions.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"198200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116373299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-902-912
L. Plakitkina, Y. Plakitkin, K. I. D’yachenko
Decarbonization of economy, allowing to decrease so called carbon footprint – carbon dioxides emissions due to application energy sources with low carbon content, is one of effective measures to decrease greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere. Most of countries of the world had ratified the Paris Agreement and confirmed intention to decarbonize economies. It was noted that still in 2020 many countries began to decrease coal consumption and use renewable energy sources for coal substitution for energy generation. Data on the world production of coking coal, export and import of it presented, as well as place of Russia at the world market of coking coal described. Influence of the modern climate “agenda“ in basic countries of the world on the development of coal mining shown. New standards of investment projects financing and their influence on restriction of mining and utilization of coal, considered. Also measures to decrease greenhouse emissions at the production of ferrous metallurgy products, including introduction by EC countries of carbon tariff – European border carbon tax considered. It was highlighted that application of the transborder carbon tax, hydrogen technologies and announced decarbonization can become instruments of effective impact resulting in considerable decrease of market of both energy and coking coals. In the Center of study of coal industry of the world and Russia of the Institute of energy studies two variants of forecasting of world mining of coal elaborated, taking into account existing tendency of transfer to “green” metallurgy and application of hydrogen technologies instead of coke. Due to the first variant a further expanding of steel industry capacities is provided for production of metal with stabilization by 2035 of coking coal mining at the level of 1470 million tons. Beyond the period, the world mining of coking coal most probably will slightly decrease by 2036–2040 down to 1390 million tons. According to the second variant, a decrease of coking coal consumption will take place due to decrease of steel production volumes and due to the transfer to metallurgy decarbonization, implementation of “green” energetics and hydrogen technologies. This variant is characterized by systemic decrease of coking coal mining by 2036–2040 down to 580 million tons.
{"title":"Decarbonization of economy as a factor of influence on the development of coal industry of the world and Russia","authors":"L. Plakitkina, Y. Plakitkin, K. I. D’yachenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-902-912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-902-912","url":null,"abstract":"Decarbonization of economy, allowing to decrease so called carbon footprint – carbon dioxides emissions due to application energy sources with low carbon content, is one of effective measures to decrease greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere. Most of countries of the world had ratified the Paris Agreement and confirmed intention to decarbonize economies. It was noted that still in 2020 many countries began to decrease coal consumption and use renewable energy sources for coal substitution for energy generation. Data on the world production of coking coal, export and import of it presented, as well as place of Russia at the world market of coking coal described. Influence of the modern climate “agenda“ in basic countries of the world on the development of coal mining shown. New standards of investment projects financing and their influence on restriction of mining and utilization of coal, considered. Also measures to decrease greenhouse emissions at the production of ferrous metallurgy products, including introduction by EC countries of carbon tariff – European border carbon tax considered. It was highlighted that application of the transborder carbon tax, hydrogen technologies and announced decarbonization can become instruments of effective impact resulting in considerable decrease of market of both energy and coking coals. In the Center of study of coal industry of the world and Russia of the Institute of energy studies two variants of forecasting of world mining of coal elaborated, taking into account existing tendency of transfer to “green” metallurgy and application of hydrogen technologies instead of coke. Due to the first variant a further expanding of steel industry capacities is provided for production of metal with stabilization by 2035 of coking coal mining at the level of 1470 million tons. Beyond the period, the world mining of coking coal most probably will slightly decrease by 2036–2040 down to 1390 million tons. According to the second variant, a decrease of coking coal consumption will take place due to decrease of steel production volumes and due to the transfer to metallurgy decarbonization, implementation of “green” energetics and hydrogen technologies. This variant is characterized by systemic decrease of coking coal mining by 2036–2040 down to 580 million tons.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124153252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-949-956
Y. Zolotukhin, T. F. Kraskovskaya, V. V. Kuprygin
For a quantitative assessment of the degree of coalification of coals in different countries, either average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance or average maximum (R0,max) vitrinite reflectance are mainly used. Since these indicators differ markedly in magnitude, in many countries, equations of the relationship between them have been established relatively long time ago in order to compare correctly the technological properties of different coals of the same type by indicators R0,max or R0,r. For Russian coals, the relationship between the vitrinite reflection indices R0,max and R0,r has not yet been established. Based on the studies of 40 samples of coals from Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and average arbitrary (R0,r) reflection values of coals vitrinite were obtained, taking into account the degree of their genetic recovery. The accuracy of calculating the indicator R0,max through R0,r at that is higher when taking into account the degree of genetic recovery of coals, which was 0.03%, versus 0.04% without accounting it. To compare technological properties of Russian coals by the same type of indicators R0,max or R0,r with the coals of Australia, USA, Canada, Poland, Germany, the equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and the average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance presented for the coals of these countries according to publications in scientific journals.
{"title":"Relationship between average maximum and average arbitrary reflection values of coals vitrinite","authors":"Y. Zolotukhin, T. F. Kraskovskaya, V. V. Kuprygin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-949-956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-949-956","url":null,"abstract":"For a quantitative assessment of the degree of coalification of coals in different countries, either average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance or average maximum (R0,max) vitrinite reflectance are mainly used. Since these indicators differ markedly in magnitude, in many countries, equations of the relationship between them have been established relatively long time ago in order to compare correctly the technological properties of different coals of the same type by indicators R0,max or R0,r. For Russian coals, the relationship between the vitrinite reflection indices R0,max and R0,r has not yet been established. Based on the studies of 40 samples of coals from Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and average arbitrary (R0,r) reflection values of coals vitrinite were obtained, taking into account the degree of their genetic recovery. The accuracy of calculating the indicator R0,max through R0,r at that is higher when taking into account the degree of genetic recovery of coals, which was 0.03%, versus 0.04% without accounting it. To compare technological properties of Russian coals by the same type of indicators R0,max or R0,r with the coals of Australia, USA, Canada, Poland, Germany, the equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and the average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance presented for the coals of these countries according to publications in scientific journals.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130389201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-936-942
S. V. Nedelin
Discussion of many years on consequences of man’s activity effect on environment at present moved to a practical aspect. New ecological and economical limits dictate a necessity to reduce the carbon intensity of metallurgical processes. It was noted that the technological couple “blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace” is a basic method of steel production, based on utilization of coke as a fuel and reducing component. Distribution of metallurgical capacities by types of fuel used shown, which confirms application of carbon-containing fuel-reducing additions in overwhelming majority of technological processes of iron production. Data on projects reducing carbon intensity of metallurgical industry presented, most of which aimed at changing the technology of BF process. Experience of steel industry of Japan on perfection machinery and technology of BF production considered, which enabled to reduce total consumption of reducing agents down to figure less down to 450 kg/t of hot metal, which is the best index among countries of the world. It was shown that increase of a blast furnace volume results in change of BF process technology. Such an increase also results in decrease of carbon consumption – blast furnaces of large volume have lower specific consumption of fuel and reducing agent. The specific coke rate in blast furnaces of large volume is by 71 kg/t of hot metal less comparing with blast furnaces having volume less 1000 m3, and the total fuel consumption in large blast furnaces is by 51 kg/t of hot metal lower. Accounting necessity to decrease the carbon footprint in steel products, basic ways of steel industry technologies development can be enlargement of facilities with shutdown of small and not effective capacities, changing sinter and BF charges structure with increase of more qualitative raw materials and pellets, application of alternative kinds of fuel and reducing additions.
{"title":"Prospects of steel industry development accounting ecological restrictions","authors":"S. V. Nedelin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-936-942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-936-942","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion of many years on consequences of man’s activity effect on environment at present moved to a practical aspect. New ecological and economical limits dictate a necessity to reduce the carbon intensity of metallurgical processes. It was noted that the technological couple “blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace” is a basic method of steel production, based on utilization of coke as a fuel and reducing component. Distribution of metallurgical capacities by types of fuel used shown, which confirms application of carbon-containing fuel-reducing additions in overwhelming majority of technological processes of iron production. Data on projects reducing carbon intensity of metallurgical industry presented, most of which aimed at changing the technology of BF process. Experience of steel industry of Japan on perfection machinery and technology of BF production considered, which enabled to reduce total consumption of reducing agents down to figure less down to 450 kg/t of hot metal, which is the best index among countries of the world. It was shown that increase of a blast furnace volume results in change of BF process technology. Such an increase also results in decrease of carbon consumption – blast furnaces of large volume have lower specific consumption of fuel and reducing agent. The specific coke rate in blast furnaces of large volume is by 71 kg/t of hot metal less comparing with blast furnaces having volume less 1000 m3, and the total fuel consumption in large blast furnaces is by 51 kg/t of hot metal lower. Accounting necessity to decrease the carbon footprint in steel products, basic ways of steel industry technologies development can be enlargement of facilities with shutdown of small and not effective capacities, changing sinter and BF charges structure with increase of more qualitative raw materials and pellets, application of alternative kinds of fuel and reducing additions.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-925-930
E. A. Alabushev, I. Bersenev, V. V. Bragin, A. Stepanova
The Paris Agreement, adopted in December of 2015 at the 21st session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties and effected from November of 2016, coordinates the efforts of states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide. One of its largest emitters to the atmosphere is the metallurgical industry. Among the proposed ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is the widespread use of hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy. An overview of the problems that the ferrous metallurgy will face when replacing carbon-containing fuels with hydrogen is presented. It was noted that the use of hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy contains such technological risks as high cost in comparison with currently used fuels and reducing agents; explosion hazard and corrosion activity, the need for a radical reconstruction of thermal units when using hydrogen instead of traditional for the ferrous metallurgy natural, coke and blast furnace gases, as well as solid fuels. It is shown that minimizing these risks is not always possible or economically feasible, and the result of using hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy instead of carbon-containing fuel from the point of view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions may be low with a significant increase of economic and social risks.
{"title":"Assessment of the risks of using hydrogen instead of carbon-containing fuels in the ferrous metallurgy","authors":"E. A. Alabushev, I. Bersenev, V. V. Bragin, A. Stepanova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-925-930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-925-930","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Agreement, adopted in December of 2015 at the 21st session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties and effected from November of 2016, coordinates the efforts of states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide. One of its largest emitters to the atmosphere is the metallurgical industry. Among the proposed ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is the widespread use of hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy. An overview of the problems that the ferrous metallurgy will face when replacing carbon-containing fuels with hydrogen is presented. It was noted that the use of hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy contains such technological risks as high cost in comparison with currently used fuels and reducing agents; explosion hazard and corrosion activity, the need for a radical reconstruction of thermal units when using hydrogen instead of traditional for the ferrous metallurgy natural, coke and blast furnace gases, as well as solid fuels. It is shown that minimizing these risks is not always possible or economically feasible, and the result of using hydrogen in the ferrous metallurgy instead of carbon-containing fuel from the point of view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions may be low with a significant increase of economic and social risks.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123055958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-913-917
V. I. Pleshchenko
The intention to preserve a comfort habitat for the mankind finds expression in the attempts to decrease the anthropogenic impact on the environment. A concept “carbon footprint” appeared, which reflects input of some kind of activity to the environment pollution. The desire to influence producers’ behavior and make them decrease their carbon footprint under existing conditions results in elaboration new kinds of taxes and duties, stimulating modernization of technological process and decrease of harmful substances emissions. It is expected that in case of the taxes being implemented by big metal products consumers, such as Western Europe, will result in considerable change of the metal products market. An analysis of various ways of metal producers’ adaptation to operation in conditions of the expected changes presented. It was shown that such organization measures as lobbying of interests and artificial differentiation of business on provisionally “clean” and “dirty” will result in a rather restricted result. Thereupon actuality of a radical modernization of production capacities to decarbonize the technologies of steel production grows. Replacement of the carbon by hydrogen for reducing of iron oxides is the most advanced technological solution. At the same time, the hydrogen metallurgy is not yet implemented anywhere on industrial scale, and the hydrogen application in the production cycle results in a lot of questions, having not yet definite answers. A SWOT-analysis presented, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technology mastering by metals producers.
{"title":"Prospects of transition of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of Russia to the use of carbon-free technologies","authors":"V. I. Pleshchenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-913-917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-913-917","url":null,"abstract":"The intention to preserve a comfort habitat for the mankind finds expression in the attempts to decrease the anthropogenic impact on the environment. A concept “carbon footprint” appeared, which reflects input of some kind of activity to the environment pollution. The desire to influence producers’ behavior and make them decrease their carbon footprint under existing conditions results in elaboration new kinds of taxes and duties, stimulating modernization of technological process and decrease of harmful substances emissions. It is expected that in case of the taxes being implemented by big metal products consumers, such as Western Europe, will result in considerable change of the metal products market. An analysis of various ways of metal producers’ adaptation to operation in conditions of the expected changes presented. It was shown that such organization measures as lobbying of interests and artificial differentiation of business on provisionally “clean” and “dirty” will result in a rather restricted result. Thereupon actuality of a radical modernization of production capacities to decarbonize the technologies of steel production grows. Replacement of the carbon by hydrogen for reducing of iron oxides is the most advanced technological solution. At the same time, the hydrogen metallurgy is not yet implemented anywhere on industrial scale, and the hydrogen application in the production cycle results in a lot of questions, having not yet definite answers. A SWOT-analysis presented, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technology mastering by metals producers.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133448022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-931-935
V. Lisienko, Yu. N. Chesnokov, A. Lapteva
The XXIst conference on climate, held in Paris in 2015, set coordination of efforts of all the countries as an object to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. To realize the conference decisions, it is necessary to implement technologies ensuring reduction of carbon dioxide forming in every industry. Steel industry is one of its sources. A proposed in publications technology of production of carbon-free steel for nuclear power engineering, based on reducing of iron oxides by aluminum in the process of melting considered. As per authors opinion, since the carbon of coke was excluded out of the process of steel production by the technology, it results in exclusion of greenhouse gases emissions. The purpose of the work was to assess the carbon footprint of the technology taking into account emissions of carbon-containing gases in the previous processes. It was shown that steel production by the analyzed technology with metallic aluminum application for iron oxides reduction has a rather considerable carbon footprint despite the practical absence of carbon dioxide emissions directly in the process of its smelting. It is caused by a large volume of greenhouse gases emissions in the neighbored sectors of production of energy, raw materials and materials used for steel production and exceeds 4500 kg of carbon dioxide per 1 t of steel smelted by the technology. To assess the value of carbon footprint at creation of new and perfection of existing technological processes of goods production in ferrous metallurgy and other industries of economy, it was proposed to take into account its value along the whole chain of previous and neighbored production sectors.
{"title":"Assessment of carbon footprint of steel production technology at aluminum application for iron oxides reducing","authors":"V. Lisienko, Yu. N. Chesnokov, A. Lapteva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-931-935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-931-935","url":null,"abstract":"The XXIst conference on climate, held in Paris in 2015, set coordination of efforts of all the countries as an object to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. To realize the conference decisions, it is necessary to implement technologies ensuring reduction of carbon dioxide forming in every industry. Steel industry is one of its sources. A proposed in publications technology of production of carbon-free steel for nuclear power engineering, based on reducing of iron oxides by aluminum in the process of melting considered. As per authors opinion, since the carbon of coke was excluded out of the process of steel production by the technology, it results in exclusion of greenhouse gases emissions. The purpose of the work was to assess the carbon footprint of the technology taking into account emissions of carbon-containing gases in the previous processes. It was shown that steel production by the analyzed technology with metallic aluminum application for iron oxides reduction has a rather considerable carbon footprint despite the practical absence of carbon dioxide emissions directly in the process of its smelting. It is caused by a large volume of greenhouse gases emissions in the neighbored sectors of production of energy, raw materials and materials used for steel production and exceeds 4500 kg of carbon dioxide per 1 t of steel smelted by the technology. To assess the value of carbon footprint at creation of new and perfection of existing technological processes of goods production in ferrous metallurgy and other industries of economy, it was proposed to take into account its value along the whole chain of previous and neighbored production sectors.","PeriodicalId":259995,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134088378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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