Quantitative conversion of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to downstream chemicals at room temperature is a critical milestone in sustainable chemistry. Herein, conversion of metal–organic framework (MOF) structures into layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalytic materials (NiFe-LDH/MOF) was fabricated using NiFe-MOF as a structure-oriented sacrificial template via an in situ electrochemical strategy. Results showed that the electrochemical method to convert the material structures not only overcame inherent limitations of MOF structures (inaccessible sites and low conductivity) but also eliminated LDH self-stacking. Hierarchical NiFe-LDH/MOF exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity in the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is due to the increased number of catalytically active sites and the extended electron transport channels of uniformly dispersed LDH nanosheets. Optimized Ni2Fe1-LDH/MOF materials achieved FDCA yields of 99% with Faraday efficiencies of 99% in 1 M KOH with 50 mM HMF at an applied potential of 1.40 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode at ambient temperature. This work demonstrates a promising method for fabricating LDH electrocatalytic materials from MOF structures and shows a proof of principle for selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that health care personnel receive an annual influenza vaccine. In September 2023, ACIP recommended that everyone aged ≥6 months receive a 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine. Health care facilities, including acute care hospitals and nursing homes, report vaccination of health care personnel against influenza and COVID-19 to CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). During October 2023-March 2024, NHSN defined up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination as receipt of a 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine. This analysis describes influenza and 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination coverage among health care personnel working in acute care hospitals and nursing homes during the 2023-24 respiratory virus season (October 1, 2023-March 31, 2024). Influenza vaccination coverage was 80.7% among health care personnel at acute care hospitals and 45.4% among health care personnel at nursing homes. Coverage of 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination was 15.3% among health care personnel at acute care hospitals and 10.5% among health care personnel at nursing homes. Respiratory viral diseases including influenza and COVID-19 pose risks to health care personnel in U.S. health care settings, and vaccination of health care personnel is an effective strategy for maintaining a healthy workforce and improving health care system resiliency.