Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008
Kalle Liimatta, Elina I. Zúñiga
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells adapt to diverse environments, providing local long-term protection. In this issue of Immunity, Obers et al. and Raynor et al. demonstrate how diet, commensals, and host factors determine TRM cell development, maintenance, and function across tissues.
组织驻留记忆 T 细胞（TRM）能适应不同的环境，提供局部长期保护。在本期《免疫》杂志上，Obers 等人和 Raynor 等人展示了饮食、共生动物和宿主因素如何决定 TRM 细胞在不同组织中的发育、维持和功能。
{"title":"Home at last: Mixed signals guide memory T cells to residency","authors":"Kalle Liimatta, Elina I. Zúñiga","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells adapt to diverse environments, providing local long-term protection. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Obers et al. and Raynor et al. demonstrate how diet, commensals, and host factors determine T<sub>RM</sub> cell development, maintenance, and function across tissues.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009
Elena Donders, Diether Lambrechts
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) remains a clinical challenge. Recently in Cancer Cell, Fu et al. reveal how TKIs reshape the immune microenvironment of LCBM and propose CTLA4 blockade as a promising strategy to overcome resistance.
{"title":"TKI resistance in brain metastasis: A CTLA4 state of mind","authors":"Elena Donders, Diether Lambrechts","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) remains a clinical challenge. Recently in <em>Cancer Cell</em>, Fu et al. reveal how TKIs reshape the immune microenvironment of LCBM and propose CTLA4 blockade as a promising strategy to overcome resistance.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.028
Pirus Ghadjar, Daniel Zips
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Re: Duration of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Postoperative Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Long-course Versus Short-course Androgen Deprivation Therapy in the RADICALS-HD Randomised Trial","authors":"Pirus Ghadjar, Daniel Zips","doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.028","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006
Jan Remsik, Adrienne Boire
Insufficient influx of T cells into the tumor microenvironment, including brain metastasis, dramatically limits efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. In this issue of Immunity, Messmer et al. interrogate spatiotemporal dependencies of melanoma brain metastasis T cell infiltration by intravital microscopy. They find that T cells enter these brain tumors through peritumoral venous vessels and can be stimulated with immunotherapy.
T细胞涌入肿瘤微环境（包括脑转移瘤）不足，极大地限制了传统免疫疗法的疗效。在本期《免疫》杂志上，Messmer 等人通过体内显微镜研究了黑色素瘤脑转移瘤 T 细胞浸润的时空依赖性。他们发现，T细胞通过瘤周静脉血管进入这些脑瘤，并能通过免疫疗法得到刺激。
{"title":"T cells standing at the gates of brain metastasis","authors":"Jan Remsik, Adrienne Boire","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient influx of T cells into the tumor microenvironment, including brain metastasis, dramatically limits efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Messmer et al. interrogate spatiotemporal dependencies of melanoma brain metastasis T cell infiltration by intravital microscopy. They find that T cells enter these brain tumors through peritumoral venous vessels and can be stimulated with immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007
Ziyi Li, Ankur Sharma
The mechanisms by which oncogenic mutations and anatomical locations work together to influence the immune environment within tumors are not well understood. In this issue of Immunity, Ross et al. show that H3.3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are enriched with disease-associated myeloid cells (DAMs). Myeloid-targeted strategies reprogram DAMs to a homeostatic state, reduce myeloid infiltration into tumors, and prolong survival.
{"title":"Navigating the mutation maze: An oncogenic driver’s guide to macrophage reprogramming","authors":"Ziyi Li, Ankur Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms by which oncogenic mutations and anatomical locations work together to influence the immune environment within tumors are not well understood. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Ross et al. show that H3.3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are enriched with disease-associated myeloid cells (DAMs). Myeloid-targeted strategies reprogram DAMs to a homeostatic state, reduce myeloid infiltration into tumors, and prolong survival.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.022
Wesley R. Armstrong, Amar U. Kishan, Kiara M. Booker, Tristan R. Grogan, David Elashoff, Ethan C. Lam, Kevyn J. Clark, Michael L. Steinberg, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Thomas A. Hope, Nicholas G. Nickols, Johannes Czernin, Jeremie Calais
The authors regret about typological errors in the article found by Feng Qi as published in the letter to the editor of July 25, 2024 in European Urology.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Impact of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography on Prostate Cancer Salvage Radiotherapy Management: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Randomized Phase 3 Trial (PSMA-SRT NCT03582774)” [Eur Urol. 86(1) (2024) 52–60]","authors":"Wesley R. Armstrong, Amar U. Kishan, Kiara M. Booker, Tristan R. Grogan, David Elashoff, Ethan C. Lam, Kevyn J. Clark, Michael L. Steinberg, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Thomas A. Hope, Nicholas G. Nickols, Johannes Czernin, Jeremie Calais","doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"The authors regret about typological errors in the article found by Feng Qi as published in the letter to the editor of July 25, 2024 in European Urology.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.035
Naoto Fujiwara, Camden Lopez, Tracey L. Marsh, Indu Raman, Cesia A. Marquez, Subhojit Paul, Sumit K. Mishra, Naoto Kubota, Courtney Katz, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Michael Gonzalez, Lisa Quirk, Sneha Deodhar, Pratibha Selvakumar, Prithvi Raj, Neehar D. Parikh, Lewis R. Roberts, Myron E. Schwartz, Mindie H. Nguyen, Alex S. Befeler, Yujin Hoshida
Background and aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk stratification is an urgent unmet need for cost-effective HCC screening and early detection in patients with cirrhosis to improve poor HCC prognosis.
Methods
Molecular (Prognostic Liver Secretome signature with alpha-fetoprotein) and clinical (aMAP score) variable-based scores were integrated to develop PAaM, which was subsequently validated in two phase 3 biomarker validation studies: the statewide Texas HCC Consortium (THCCC) and nationwide HCC Early Detection Strategy (HEDS) prospective cohorts, following the prospective specimen collection, retrospective blinded evaluation (PRoBE) design. The associations between baseline PAaM and incident HCC were assessed using Fine-Gray regression, with overall death and liver transplantation as competing events.
Results
Of 2,156 cirrhosis patients in THCCC, PAaM identified 404 (19%) high-risk, 903 (42%) intermediate-risk, and 849 (39%) low-risk patients with annual HCC incidence rates of 5.3%, 2.7%, and 0.6%, respectively. Compared to low-risk patients, high- and intermediate-risk groups had sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHRs) for incident HCC of 7.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.42-12.8) and 4.20 (95%CI, 2.52-7.01), respectively. Of 1,328 cirrhosis patients in HEDS, PAaM identified 201 (15%) high-risk, 540 (41%) intermediate-risk, and 587 (44%) low-risk patients, with annual HCC incidence rates of 6.2%, 1.8%, and 0.8%, respectively. High- and intermediate risk groups were associated with sHRs for incident HCC of 6.54 (95%CI, 3.85-11.1) and 1.77 (95%CI, 1.02-3.08), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed robust risk stratification across HCC etiologies, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cured hepatitis C infection.
Conclusion
PAaM enables accurate HCC risk stratification in patients with cirrhosis from contemporary etiologies.
{"title":"Phase 3 validation of PAaM for hepatocellular carcinoma risk stratification in cirrhosis","authors":"Naoto Fujiwara, Camden Lopez, Tracey L. Marsh, Indu Raman, Cesia A. Marquez, Subhojit Paul, Sumit K. Mishra, Naoto Kubota, Courtney Katz, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Michael Gonzalez, Lisa Quirk, Sneha Deodhar, Pratibha Selvakumar, Prithvi Raj, Neehar D. Parikh, Lewis R. Roberts, Myron E. Schwartz, Mindie H. Nguyen, Alex S. Befeler, Yujin Hoshida","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background and aims</h3>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk stratification is an urgent unmet need for cost-effective HCC screening and early detection in patients with cirrhosis to improve poor HCC prognosis.<h3>Methods</h3>Molecular (Prognostic Liver Secretome signature with alpha-fetoprotein) and clinical (aMAP score) variable-based scores were integrated to develop PAaM, which was subsequently validated in two phase 3 biomarker validation studies: the statewide Texas HCC Consortium (THCCC) and nationwide HCC Early Detection Strategy (HEDS) prospective cohorts, following the prospective specimen collection, retrospective blinded evaluation (PRoBE) design. The associations between baseline PAaM and incident HCC were assessed using Fine-Gray regression, with overall death and liver transplantation as competing events.<h3>Results</h3>Of 2,156 cirrhosis patients in THCCC, PAaM identified 404 (19%) high-risk, 903 (42%) intermediate-risk, and 849 (39%) low-risk patients with annual HCC incidence rates of 5.3%, 2.7%, and 0.6%, respectively. Compared to low-risk patients, high- and intermediate-risk groups had sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHRs) for incident HCC of 7.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.42-12.8) and 4.20 (95%CI, 2.52-7.01), respectively. Of 1,328 cirrhosis patients in HEDS, PAaM identified 201 (15%) high-risk, 540 (41%) intermediate-risk, and 587 (44%) low-risk patients, with annual HCC incidence rates of 6.2%, 1.8%, and 0.8%, respectively. High- and intermediate risk groups were associated with sHRs for incident HCC of 6.54 (95%CI, 3.85-11.1) and 1.77 (95%CI, 1.02-3.08), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed robust risk stratification across HCC etiologies, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cured hepatitis C infection.<h3>Conclusion</h3>PAaM enables accurate HCC risk stratification in patients with cirrhosis from contemporary etiologies.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.034
Weiwei Liu, Ren Mao, Thi Hong Nga Le, Gail West, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Rakhee Banerjee, Genevieve Doyon, Pranab Mukherjee, Quang Tam Nguyen, Anny Mulya, Julie H. Rennison, Ilyssa O. Gordon, Michael Cruise, Shaomin Hu, Doug Czarnecki, Thomas Plesec, Jyotsna Chandra, Suhanti Banerjee, Jie Wang, William J. Massey, Florian Rieder
Background
In Crohn’s disease (CD) wrapping of mesenteric fat around the bowel wall, so called ‘creeping fat’, is highly associated with strictures. The strongest contributor to luminal narrowing in strictures is a thickening of the human intestinal muscularis propria (MP). We hence investigated creeping fat derived factors and their effect on mechanisms of human intestinal MP smooth muscle cell (HIMC) hyperplasia.
Methods
Free fatty acids (FFA) in creeping fat or non-creeping mesenteric fat organ cultures were measured via lipidomic mass spectrometry. Primary HIMC were exposed to FFA and cell proliferation was assessed. Intracellular FFA metabolism pathways and reactive oxygen species were functionally evaluated. Muscle thickness was investigated in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis with small molecule inhibition of FFA transport and a novel fat deletion mouse model.
Results
Subserosal creeping fat is associated with a markedly thickened MP. Experimental deletion of mesenteric fat (FAT-ATTAC mouse) reduced MP thickness. Human creeping fat conditioned medium strongly upregulated HIMC proliferation. Creeping fat released higher amounts of five long-chain FFA, including palmitate. Inhibition of HIMC long-chain FFA metabolism or FFA uptake into mitochondria through carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 reduced the palmitate induced HIMC proliferation. Blockade of conversion of palmitate into phospholipids reduced HIMC proliferation. Prophylactic inhibition of CPT-1 in experimental DSS colitis did not ameliorate inflammation, but reduced MP thickness.
Conclusion
Creeping fat released long-chain FFA induce a selective proliferative response by HIMC. These results point to creeping fat as a novel contributor to stricture formation in CD.
{"title":"CREEPING FAT-DERIVED FREE FATTY ACIDS INDUCE HYPERPLASIA OF INTESTINAL MUSCULARIS PROPRIA MUSCLE CELLS – A NOVEL LINK BETWEEN FAT AND INTESTINAL STRICTURE FORMATION IN CROHN’S DISEASE","authors":"Weiwei Liu, Ren Mao, Thi Hong Nga Le, Gail West, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Rakhee Banerjee, Genevieve Doyon, Pranab Mukherjee, Quang Tam Nguyen, Anny Mulya, Julie H. Rennison, Ilyssa O. Gordon, Michael Cruise, Shaomin Hu, Doug Czarnecki, Thomas Plesec, Jyotsna Chandra, Suhanti Banerjee, Jie Wang, William J. Massey, Florian Rieder","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.034","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>In Crohn’s disease (CD) wrapping of mesenteric fat around the bowel wall, so called ‘creeping fat’, is highly associated with strictures. The strongest contributor to luminal narrowing in strictures is a thickening of the human intestinal muscularis propria (MP). We hence investigated creeping fat derived factors and their effect on mechanisms of human intestinal MP smooth muscle cell (HIMC) hyperplasia.<h3>Methods</h3>Free fatty acids (FFA) in creeping fat or non-creeping mesenteric fat organ cultures were measured via lipidomic mass spectrometry. Primary HIMC were exposed to FFA and cell proliferation was assessed. Intracellular FFA metabolism pathways and reactive oxygen species were functionally evaluated. Muscle thickness was investigated in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis with small molecule inhibition of FFA transport and a novel fat deletion mouse model.<h3>Results</h3>Subserosal creeping fat is associated with a markedly thickened MP. Experimental deletion of mesenteric fat (FAT-ATTAC mouse) reduced MP thickness. Human creeping fat conditioned medium strongly upregulated HIMC proliferation. Creeping fat released higher amounts of five long-chain FFA, including palmitate. Inhibition of HIMC long-chain FFA metabolism or FFA uptake into mitochondria through carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 reduced the palmitate induced HIMC proliferation. Blockade of conversion of palmitate into phospholipids reduced HIMC proliferation. Prophylactic inhibition of CPT-1 in experimental DSS colitis did not ameliorate inflammation, but reduced MP thickness.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Creeping fat released long-chain FFA induce a selective proliferative response by HIMC. These results point to creeping fat as a novel contributor to stricture formation in CD.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donald R Hopkins, Adam J Weiss, Sarah Yerian, Yujing Zhao, Sarah G H Sapp, Vitaliano A Cama
The effort to eradicate Dracunculus medinensis, the etiologic agent of dracunculiasis, or Guinea worm disease, began at CDC in 1980. In 1986, with an estimated 3.5 million global cases in 20 African and Asian countries, the World Health Assembly called for dracunculiasis elimination. The Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) was established to help countries with endemic dracunculiasis reach this goal. GWEP is led by The Carter Center and supported by partners, including the countries with endemic disease, CDC, UNICEF, and the World Health Organization. Since 2012, infections in dogs, cats, and baboons have posed a new challenge for GWEP, as have ongoing civil unrest and insecurity in some areas. As of June 2024, dracunculiasis remained endemic in five countries (Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan). Fourteen human cases and 886 animal infections occurred, including 407 dogs in Chad and 248 dogs in Cameroon, reported in 2023, and three human cases and 297 animal infections reported during January-June 2024. Animal infections, primarily in dogs in Cameroon and Chad, and impeded access due to civil unrest and insecurity in Mali, threaten the near-term possibility of global eradication. Nevertheless, countries appear poised to reach zero cases.
{"title":"Progress Toward Global Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication, January 2023-June 2024.","authors":"Donald R Hopkins, Adam J Weiss, Sarah Yerian, Yujing Zhao, Sarah G H Sapp, Vitaliano A Cama","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effort to eradicate Dracunculus medinensis, the etiologic agent of dracunculiasis, or Guinea worm disease, began at CDC in 1980. In 1986, with an estimated 3.5 million global cases in 20 African and Asian countries, the World Health Assembly called for dracunculiasis elimination. The Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) was established to help countries with endemic dracunculiasis reach this goal. GWEP is led by The Carter Center and supported by partners, including the countries with endemic disease, CDC, UNICEF, and the World Health Organization. Since 2012, infections in dogs, cats, and baboons have posed a new challenge for GWEP, as have ongoing civil unrest and insecurity in some areas. As of June 2024, dracunculiasis remained endemic in five countries (Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan). Fourteen human cases and 886 animal infections occurred, including 407 dogs in Chad and 248 dogs in Cameroon, reported in 2023, and three human cases and 297 animal infections reported during January-June 2024. Animal infections, primarily in dogs in Cameroon and Chad, and impeded access due to civil unrest and insecurity in Mali, threaten the near-term possibility of global eradication. Nevertheless, countries appear poised to reach zero cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"73 44","pages":"991-998"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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