Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献_第6页

Wearable smart sensors integration with AI and machine learning for tracking human health 集成人工智能和机器学习的可穿戴智能传感器，用于跟踪人类健康状况

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100711

Shi Xianyong , Dinesh Kumar Mishra , Öznur Özge Özcan , Mesut Karahan , Tan Panpan , Xiao Zhongshan , Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar

This study comprehensively investigates the integration of wearable smart sensors with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for human health tracking, focusing on seven major sensor types: sweat, glucose, wound, mental state monitoring, inhalation, CRISPR‒Cas, and quantum sensors. It elaborates on their design principles, detection mechanisms, and biomedical applications, as well as their respective advantages and inherent challenges. This study highlights the pivotal role of AI/ML in optimizing sensor performance, including enhancing detection sensitivity, processing complex data, enabling real-time analysis, and enabling personalized healthcare. Specifically, AI/ML facilitates noise filtering, pattern recognition, multibiomarker identification, and predictive diagnostics across different sensor systems. Despite significant advancements, the field is still confronted with challenges, including sensor stability, data security risks, high production costs, and biocompatibility issues. The paper concludes by outlining future research and development directions, emphasizing material innovation, algorithm optimization, and multimodal sensing integration, and strengthening clinical translation to fully unlock the potential of wearable sensors in proactive and personalized healthcare, ultimately contributing to the improvement of public health outcomes.

本研究全面探讨了可穿戴智能传感器与人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）的集成，用于人体健康跟踪，重点关注七大传感器类型：汗液、葡萄糖、伤口、精神状态监测、吸入、CRISPR-Cas和量子传感器。阐述了它们的设计原理、检测机制、生物医学应用，以及各自的优势和内在挑战。这项研究强调了AI/ML在优化传感器性能方面的关键作用，包括提高检测灵敏度、处理复杂数据、实现实时分析和实现个性化医疗保健。具体来说，AI/ML促进了不同传感器系统的噪声过滤、模式识别、多生物标志物识别和预测诊断。尽管取得了重大进展，但该领域仍然面临着挑战，包括传感器稳定性、数据安全风险、高生产成本和生物相容性问题。文章总结了未来的研究和发展方向，强调材料创新、算法优化、多模态传感集成，加强临床转化，充分释放可穿戴传感器在主动个性化医疗中的潜力，最终为改善公共卫生结果做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced bacterial accumulation on dielectrophoretic (DEP) structures via oscillatory flow induced by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) 电介质上电润湿（EWOD）诱导的振荡流增强细菌在介电结构上的积累

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100688

Marten Musiol , Fenja Schröder , Guiyu Wu , Marte Thorns , Felix Hirschberg , Annalena Eckert , Hans-Hermann Johannes , Wolfgang Kowalsky

In this work, we propose one possibility to increase both the speed and the quantity of bacteria collected on a dielectrophoresis (DEP) structure for small sample volumes. To achieve this, an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device was positioned opposite to the DEP structure. This setup allows oscillations of the droplet containing the bacteria, leading to a continuous flow within the droplet that brings new bacteria into the vicinity of the DEP electrodes, where the bacteria can be captured. Additionally, the EWOD electrodes can be employed to transport small liquid samples containing bacteria towards the DEP electrodes. To reduce the voltage required for the EWOD operation, a thin film of titanium dioxide was incorporated into the structure. The thickness of this layer, as well as the hydrophobic coating necessary for optimal EWOD performance, was optimized. Polymer microspheres were used for oscillation testing, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) served as the primary test organism. The behavior of these microparticles in a liquid environment was monitored microscopically.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种可能性，以提高速度和细菌收集的数量在一个介电电泳（DEP）结构的小样本量。为了实现这一点，在DEP结构的对面放置了一个介电润湿（EWOD）装置。这种设置允许含有细菌的液滴振荡，导致液滴内连续流动，将新细菌带到DEP电极附近，在那里细菌可以被捕获。此外，EWOD电极可用于将含有细菌的小液体样品输送到DEP电极。为了降低EWOD操作所需的电压，在结构中加入了一层二氧化钛薄膜。优化了该层的厚度，以及最佳EWOD性能所需的疏水涂层。振荡试验采用聚合物微球，以大肠杆菌为主要试验菌。用显微镜观察了这些微粒在液体环境中的行为。

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引用次数: 0

Eprobe: A multi-technique, multi-channel wearable potentiostat Eprobe：一种多技术、多通道的可穿戴电位器

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100686

Jinhang Ma , Sijie Yin , Xiaoyan Wang , Qi Zhang , Minmin Liang

This manuscript presents Eprobe, a wearable potentiostat that supports multiple electrochemical techniques and simultaneous multi-channel operations. Built on an ARM-based microcontroller, Eprobe incorporates an advanced analog front-end (AFE) optimized for versatile electrochemical functions. It provides a dynamic voltage regulation range of ±16 V, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements across various conditions. With compact dimensions of 6 cm × 7 cm × 2 cm and a weight of 150 g, Eprobe supports 12 electrochemical techniques across six independent channels operating concurrently. It provides a bias voltage output range of ±10 V, a current measurement range of ±200 mA, and a measurement accuracy of 100 nA. Comparative experiments with the CHI760E potentiostat―a leading benchtop device measuring 34 cm × 25 cm × 11 cm and weighing 4.5 kg―along with real-world measurements and simultaneous multichannel operation, demonstrate that Eprobe achieves comparable performance. Moreover, Eprobe offers significant advantages over existing wearable potentiostats, including an extended voltage support range, enhanced current detection sensitivity, and multi-channel, multi-technique compatibility. Eprobe is fully open-source, offering researchers a powerful tool to advance electrochemical methodologies and facilitate the development of wearable, multi-target integrated monitoring systems.

这篇手稿提出了Eprobe，一个可穿戴的恒电位器，支持多种电化学技术和同时多通道操作。基于arm的微控制器，Eprobe集成了先进的模拟前端（AFE），针对多种电化学功能进行了优化。它提供±16 V的动态电压调节范围，确保在各种条件下进行准确可靠的测量。Eprobe尺寸紧凑，为6厘米× 7厘米× 2厘米，重量为150克，支持12种电化学技术，跨越6个独立通道同时操作。偏置电压输出范围为±10v，电流测量范围为±200ma，测量精度为100na。与CHI760E电位器（尺寸为34厘米× 25厘米× 11厘米，重量为4.5公斤的领先台式设备）进行的对比实验以及实际测量和同时多通道操作表明，Eprobe具有相当的性能。此外，与现有的可穿戴式电位器相比，Eprobe具有显著的优势，包括扩展的电压支持范围，增强的电流检测灵敏度，以及多通道，多技术兼容性。Eprobe是完全开源的，为研究人员提供了一个强大的工具来推进电化学方法，促进可穿戴、多目标综合监测系统的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Nanopot V1.0: A point of care electrochemical sensor prototype device for precise detection of tacrolimus in transplant patients nanoot V1.0：用于移植患者他克莫司精确检测的护理点电化学传感器原型装置

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100708

K. Niyas , K.R. Anitha , Muhammad Salmun , P. Abdul Rasheed

A miniaturized electrochemical sensor device prototype (NanoPot V1.0) encompasses with a portable potentiostat was developed for precise detection of tacrolimus, which is a critical immunosuppressant drug used for prevention of organ rejection in transplant patients. The developed NanoPot V1.0 prototype device combines a LMP91000 analog front-end with a ESP8266 microcontroller on a compact circuit board, along with a cylindrical well comprising of three electrode system with carbon cloth as working electrode. Notably, the chronoamperometric results from NanoPot V1.0 prototype device were very similar to those from a regular conventional CH Instruments potentiostat, which proved that the developed prototype device is accurate and reliable. The electrochemical behaviour of tacrolimus using NanoPot V1.0 prototype device was evaluated across a concentration range of 5–50 nM, which comes under clinically relevant levels. The prototype device showed excellent linearity with a detection limit comparable to standard laboratory equipment with excellent linearity (R² = 0.99) in tacrolimus quantification. Hence, this NanoPot V1.0 prototype device is bridging the gap between sophisticated laboratory-grade instruments and portable point-of-care (PoC) devices. This work represents a significant step towards developing a portable, sensitive, low-cost, and reliable PoC device for tacrolimus monitoring. This combination of miniaturized hardware and optimized electrochemical methods offers promising potential for PoC applications in transplant medicine and other broader bioanalytical fields.

一种微型电化学传感器装置原型（NanoPot V1.0）包含一个便携式恒电位器，用于精确检测他克莫司，他克莫司是一种用于预防移植患者器官排斥的关键免疫抑制药物。开发的NanoPot V1.0原型装置将LMP91000模拟前端与ESP8266微控制器结合在紧凑的电路板上，以及由三电极系统组成的圆柱形井，碳布作为工作电极。值得注意的是，nanoot V1.0原型装置的计时安培结果与常规CH Instruments电位器的计时安培结果非常相似，证明了所开发的原型装置的准确性和可靠性。使用NanoPot V1.0原型装置在5-50 nM的浓度范围内评估他克莫司的电化学行为，该浓度范围处于临床相关水平。该装置在他克莫司定量中线性良好，检出限与线性良好的标准实验室设备相当（R2 = 0.99）。因此，这个NanoPot V1.0原型设备正在弥合复杂的实验室级仪器和便携式护理点（PoC）设备之间的差距。这项工作是朝着开发一种便携式、灵敏、低成本和可靠的他克莫司监测PoC设备迈出的重要一步。这种小型化硬件和优化的电化学方法的结合为PoC在移植医学和其他更广泛的生物分析领域的应用提供了广阔的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical and MEMS-based biosensors for quantifying ALDH1A1 expression and activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines 电化学和mems生物传感器定量ALDH1A1在非小细胞肺癌细胞系中的表达和活性

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100703

Ali I.M. Ibrahim , Worood H. Ismail , Alaa M. Hammad , Osama H. Abusara , Khaldoon Al-Qawasmeh , Abass Al-Momany , Abdel Qader Al Bawab , Raed Shadfan , Alwathiqbellah Ibrahim

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a key biomarker in cancer cells, associated with cancer stem cell properties and drug resistance. Quantifying and analyzing ALDH1A1 activity in cancer cells can provide crucial insights into cancer progression and mechanisms of resistance to treatment. This study explores the application of biosensors in detecting and measuring ALDH1A1 levels in two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC) (A549 and NCI-H1299) and assessing enzyme activity. We used advanced biosensor technology to evaluate enzyme expression in cell lines tested and their functional activity using specific substrates and cofactors of ALDH1A1 compared to their exposure to a known inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that biosensor-based assays can accurately measure ALDH1A1 expression and functional activity, distinguishing between different cancer cell populations. In addition, a complementary theoretical MEMS-based cantilever biosensor model was developed that shows predictable resonance frequency shifts with binding to ALDH1A1, thus providing a predictive framework for quantitative diagnostics and sensor optimization. These biosensors offer high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, providing a valuable tool to understand the role of ALDH1A1 in cancer biology, developing targeted therapies, and improving clinical outcomes.

醛脱氢酶1A1 （ALDH1A1）是肿瘤细胞的关键生物标志物，与肿瘤干细胞特性和耐药性相关。量化和分析癌细胞中的ALDH1A1活性可以为癌症进展和耐药机制提供重要的见解。本研究探讨了生物传感器在两种非小细胞肺癌细胞系（A549和NCI-H1299）中检测和测量ALDH1A1水平并评估酶活性的应用。我们使用先进的生物传感器技术来评估测试细胞系中酶的表达，以及它们使用特定底物和ALDH1A1辅因子时的功能活性，并将其暴露于已知抑制剂进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，基于生物传感器的检测可以准确地测量ALDH1A1的表达和功能活性，从而区分不同的癌细胞群。此外，研究人员还开发了一个互补的基于mems的悬臂式生物传感器理论模型，该模型显示了与ALDH1A1结合的可预测共振频移，从而为定量诊断和传感器优化提供了预测框架。这些生物传感器具有高灵敏度、特异性和实时监测能力，为了解ALDH1A1在癌症生物学中的作用、开发靶向治疗和改善临床结果提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas12-based signal-on lateral flow immunoassay for ultra-sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical samples 基于CRISPR/ cas12的信号侧流免疫分析法用于临床样品中人乳头瘤病毒DNA的超灵敏、选择性和快速检测

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100689

Panon Tungkunaruk , Sakda Jampasa , Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum , Orawon Chailapakul , Natthaya Chuaypen , Janjira Panchompoo

The trans-cleavage capability of CRISPR/Cas12a presents significant opportunities for the precise detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, this potential has not been fully utilized in the context of lateral flow devices. This study introduced a novel, highly sensitive lateral flow assay that leverages the functionalities of CRISPR/Cas12a in conjunction with DNA probes to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, a primary etiological factor in cervical cancer, directly from clinical samples. The assay employed a DNA capture probe with specific sequences to construct both the control line using 40 thymine bases (T40) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the test line utilizing 40 cytocine bases (C40) ssDNA, thereby effectively monitoring the presence of target DNA. In the mixed master reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a was combined with Biotin-GGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAA (G10A10) ssDNA and introduced to a sample containing the HPV DNA. This process initiated a trans-cleavage mechanism, resulting in the conversion of Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA into Biotin-G10 ssDNA. By incorporating streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on the conjugate pad, the assay captured both Biotin-G10 ssDNA and any unreacted Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA at the test line and control line, respectively, leading to a distinct colorimetric appearance. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.2 copies/μL and exhibited excellent selectivity for HPV16 in clinical samples, correlating favorably with results obtained through gel electrophoresis. This innovative system not only underscores the considerable potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of HPV DNA, but it also serves as a promising prototype for further advancements in nucleic acid-based detection methodologies.

CRISPR/Cas12a的反式切割能力为精确检测双链DNA （dsDNA）提供了重要的机会。然而，这种潜力尚未在横向流动装置中得到充分利用。本研究引入了一种新颖的、高度敏感的横向流动检测方法，该方法利用CRISPR/Cas12a的功能与DNA探针结合，直接从临床样本中检测人乳头瘤病毒（HPV） DNA， HPV是宫颈癌的主要病因。该方法采用带有特定序列的DNA捕获探针，构建含有40个胸腺嘧啶碱基（T40）单链DNA （ssDNA）的对照系和含有40个细胞素碱基（C40） ssDNA的检测系，从而有效监测目标DNA的存在。在混合主反应中，将CRISPR/Cas12a与生物素- ggggggggggggaaaaaaaaa (G10A10) ssDNA结合，引入到含有HPV DNA的样品中。这一过程启动了反式裂解机制，导致生物素- g10a10 ssDNA转化为生物素- g10 ssDNA。通过将链霉亲和素结合的金纳米颗粒结合到共轭衬底上，该实验分别在测试线上和对照线上捕获生物素- g10a10 ssDNA和任何未反应的生物素- g10a10 ssDNA，从而获得独特的比色外观。在优化条件下，该方法的检出限为0.2拷贝/μL，对HPV16具有良好的选择性，与凝胶电泳结果吻合良好。这一创新系统不仅强调了快速、敏感和特异性检测HPV DNA的巨大潜力，而且还为进一步发展基于核酸的检测方法提供了一个有希望的原型。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing nanowell biosensor fabrication: Evaluation of metal deposition and oxide layer modification 优化纳米孔生物传感器制造：金属沉积和氧化层修饰的评价

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100713

Ali Fardoost, Mehdi Javanmard

This study presents a comparative evaluation of two nanowell-based biosensor fabrication methods designed to improve sensing performance and device reliability. The conventional process employs electron beam (e-beam) evaporation for metal deposition and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) as the insulating layer, while the modified approach utilizes the sputtering method for metal deposition and hafnium oxide (HfO₂) as the insulating layer, respectively. Both fabrication methods were used to construct nanowell impedance biosensors for detecting interleukin-6 (IL-6) at concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 10 fM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed in a two-electrode configuration using an AC excitation of 10 mV across a frequency range of 1 Hz–5 MHz. The Sputtered/HfO₂ biosensors exhibited improved electrical insulation, enhanced step coverage, and reduced device failure due to short or open circuits. These improvements resulted in a higher baseline response, reduced voltage drift, and enhanced sensitivity, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.8 fM compared to 15.5 fM for the E-beam/Al₂O₃ sensors. The results demonstrate that optimized fabrication using sputtering and HfO₂ significantly enhances biosensor reproducibility and detection performance, supporting its application in scalable, label-free diagnostic platforms.

本研究提出了两种基于纳米孔的生物传感器制造方法的比较评估，旨在提高传感性能和设备可靠性。传统方法采用电子束蒸发法沉积金属，以氧化铝（Al2O3）为绝缘层，而改进后的方法采用溅射法沉积金属，以氧化铪（HfO2）为绝缘层。两种制备方法均用于构建纳米孔阻抗生物传感器，用于检测浓度在10 nM至10 fM范围内的白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）在两电极配置下进行，在1 Hz-5 MHz的频率范围内使用10 mV的交流激励。溅射/HfO2生物传感器表现出改进的电绝缘，增强的台阶覆盖，减少了由于短路或开路导致的设备故障。这些改进提高了基线响应，减少了电压漂移，提高了灵敏度，实现了7.8 fM的检测极限（LOD），而电子束/Al2O3传感器的检测极限为15.5 fM。结果表明，利用溅射和HfO2的优化制造显著提高了生物传感器的再现性和检测性能，支持其在可扩展、无标签诊断平台中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Field-effect transistor for biosensing applications using a graphene channel with amine-rich coatings 用于生物传感应用的场效应晶体管，使用石墨烯通道和富胺涂层

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100673

Trung T. Pham , Jean-François Colomer , José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli , Benjamin Ledoux , Henri-François Renard , Cédric R. Vandenabeele , Laurent Houssiau , Laurent A. Francis , Stéphane P. Vincent , Robert Sporken

Since graphene has a unique band structure with the valence and conduction bands touching each other at a single point called the Dirac point, this makes it extremely sensitive to the surroundings such as doping, external electric field, mechanical deformation, etc. Hence, it is very desirable for sensing applications. However, its surface inertness poses significant drawbacks. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the graphene surface to bind biomolecules. In this paper, we report the use of amine-functionalized graphene by plasma polymerization to detect the presence of biomolecules in graphene channel based on a liquid-gate field-effect transistor (LG-GFET). Taking streptavidin and biotin as an example, the binding interactions of streptavidin–biotin complexes are detected by monitoring the shift of the Dirac point. By varying the streptavidin concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1000 nM, we found that our LG-GFET achieves detection capabilities as low as 0.1 nM. Our approach can be applied for the detection of biological molecules with low detection limit, high sensitivity, and stability.

由于石墨烯具有独特的能带结构，价带和导带在一个称为狄拉克点的点上相互接触，这使得它对掺杂、外电场、机械变形等环境非常敏感。因此，它是非常理想的传感应用。然而，它的表面惰性带来了显著的缺点。因此，有必要对石墨烯表面进行处理以结合生物分子。在本文中，我们报道了利用等离子体聚合的胺功能化石墨烯来检测基于液门场效应晶体管（LG-GFET）的石墨烯通道中生物分子的存在。以链霉亲和素和生物素为例，通过监测Dirac点的位移来检测链霉亲和素-生物素复合物的结合相互作用。通过改变链霉亲和素的浓度从0.1 nM到1000 nM，我们发现我们的LG-GFET的检测能力低至0.1 nM。该方法具有检测限低、灵敏度高、稳定性好等优点。

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引用次数: 0

Green nanotechnology for implantable biosensors: Biocompatibility and functional integration in medical applications 可植入生物传感器的绿色纳米技术：医学应用中的生物相容性和功能集成

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100678

Amran Hossain , Mehedi Hasan Manik , Saifuddin Rakib , Naym Mahmud , Safiullah Khan , Zahid Ahsan , Md Safiul Islam , Nayem Hossain , Mosst Asma Akter

Green nanotechnology is increasingly leveraged to create biocompatible, environmentally friendly implanted biosensors that transform medical diagnostics without the ecological costs associated with conventional fabrication. Utilizing in-situ phytochemicals or microbial enzymes in plant extract, microbe, and biopolymer synthesis methods enables environmentally responsible nanoparticle synthesis of Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Quantum Dots(QDs) with greater cell viability and colloidal stability compared to those synthesized using the citrate reduction method. The functional integration of green-synthesized nanomaterials into biosensors enables nanomaterials to perform precise detection of biomarkers, such as glucose, lactate, and proteins, with high sensitivity, specificity, and signal transduction, for point-of-care applications and personalized medicine. Convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) integration in intelligent sensing networks that bridge biomedical diagnostics and environmental parameter monitoring, safety for chronic disease management, while minimizing contact, enhances the reliability of data and minimizes energy usage. Regulatory hurdles and critical challenges in translating from in vitro to in vivo applications, including surgical implantation risks, calibration drift, and chronic biocompatibility issues. Biodegradable electronics, AI-assisted analytics, and automated stimuli-responsive nanomaterials that adjust to physiological changes are highlighted as future directions. Bioresorbable sensors and self-healing polymers are examples of innovations that highlight the move toward patient-centered, sustainable healthcare. Green nanotechnology opens the door to implanted biosensors that balance environmental responsibility with state-of-the-art medical innovation by linking the fields of material science, bioengineering, and clinical practice. To overcome current obstacles and realize the full potential of implanted biosensors in precision medicine, this study emphasizes the need to develop green approaches.

绿色纳米技术越来越多地用于制造生物相容的、环境友好的植入式生物传感器，从而改变医疗诊断，而不需要传统制造带来的生态成本。与使用柠檬酸还原法合成的纳米颗粒相比，利用植物提取物、微生物和生物聚合物中的原位植物化学物质或微生物酶，可以合成对环境负责的纳米颗粒，包括石墨烯、碳纳米管（CNTs）、金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）、银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）和量子点（QDs），具有更高的细胞活力和胶体稳定性。绿色合成纳米材料与生物传感器的功能集成使纳米材料能够精确检测生物标志物，如葡萄糖、乳酸和蛋白质，具有高灵敏度、特异性和信号转导，适用于护理点应用和个性化医疗。物联网（IoT）集成在智能传感网络中的融合，在生物医学诊断和环境参数监测之间架起桥梁，为慢性疾病管理提供安全保障，同时最大限度地减少接触，提高数据可靠性并最大限度地减少能源消耗。从体外到体内应用的监管障碍和关键挑战，包括手术植入风险、校准漂移和慢性生物相容性问题。生物可降解电子、人工智能辅助分析和自动刺激响应纳米材料是未来的发展方向。生物可吸收传感器和自修复聚合物是创新的例子，突出了以患者为中心的可持续医疗保健的发展。绿色纳米技术打开了植入生物传感器的大门，通过连接材料科学、生物工程和临床实践领域，平衡环境责任和最先进的医疗创新。为了克服目前的障碍，实现植入生物传感器在精准医学中的全部潜力，本研究强调需要开发绿色方法。

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引用次数: 0

PNA-based biosensors for portable electrochemical diagnostics: Integration strategies and probe design 基于pna的便携式电化学诊断生物传感器：集成策略和探针设计

IF 10.61 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100702

Younghwan Kim , Swomitra Kumar Mohanty

Portable and mobile biosensors are widely applied in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics due to their rapid response and suitability for decentralized testing. While DNA-based probes have been commonly used in electrochemical biosensors owing to their label-free operation, low cost, and sensitivity, their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and low thermal stability has limited their broader utility. As an alternative, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes have gained increasing attention due to their synthetic backbone, which is based on an electrically neutral N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG) structure. This neutrality confers high resistance to nucleases and polymerases, while enabling stronger and more stable hybridization with negatively charged DNA targets. PNA probes also maintain structural integrity under low ionic strength conditions, improving signal stability compared to conventional DNA probes. These advantages have led to a growing body of research exploring PNA-based biosensors for portable applications. This mini-review surveys recent developments in this area, focusing on the physicochemical properties of PNA and their implications for biosensor design. Future directions for PNA biosensor development are also discussed. Representative studies on electrode architectures and detection strategies are highlighted, demonstrating the potential of PNA-based systems to support next-generation portable diagnostics.

便携式和移动生物传感器因其快速反应和适合分散检测而广泛应用于即时诊断（POC）。虽然基于dna的探针由于其无标记操作、低成本和灵敏度而被广泛用于电化学生物传感器，但它们对酶降解的敏感性和低热稳定性限制了它们的广泛应用。作为一种替代方法，肽核酸（PNA）探针由于其基于电中性N-（2-氨基乙基）甘氨酸（AEG）结构的合成骨架而受到越来越多的关注。这种中性赋予了对核酸酶和聚合酶的高抗性，同时使与带负电荷的DNA目标的杂交更强、更稳定。与传统DNA探针相比，PNA探针在低离子强度条件下也能保持结构完整性，提高信号稳定性。这些优点已经导致越来越多的研究机构探索pna为基础的便携式应用的生物传感器。本文综述了这一领域的最新进展，重点介绍了PNA的物理化学性质及其对生物传感器设计的影响。展望了PNA生物传感器的发展方向。重点介绍了电极结构和检测策略的代表性研究，展示了基于pna的系统支持下一代便携式诊断的潜力。

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引用次数: 0