Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100688
Marten Musiol , Fenja Schröder , Guiyu Wu , Marte Thorns , Felix Hirschberg , Annalena Eckert , Hans-Hermann Johannes , Wolfgang Kowalsky
In this work, we propose one possibility to increase both the speed and the quantity of bacteria collected on a dielectrophoresis (DEP) structure for small sample volumes. To achieve this, an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device was positioned opposite to the DEP structure. This setup allows oscillations of the droplet containing the bacteria, leading to a continuous flow within the droplet that brings new bacteria into the vicinity of the DEP electrodes, where the bacteria can be captured. Additionally, the EWOD electrodes can be employed to transport small liquid samples containing bacteria towards the DEP electrodes. To reduce the voltage required for the EWOD operation, a thin film of titanium dioxide was incorporated into the structure. The thickness of this layer, as well as the hydrophobic coating necessary for optimal EWOD performance, was optimized. Polymer microspheres were used for oscillation testing, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) served as the primary test organism. The behavior of these microparticles in a liquid environment was monitored microscopically.
{"title":"Enhanced bacterial accumulation on dielectrophoretic (DEP) structures via oscillatory flow induced by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD)","authors":"Marten Musiol , Fenja Schröder , Guiyu Wu , Marte Thorns , Felix Hirschberg , Annalena Eckert , Hans-Hermann Johannes , Wolfgang Kowalsky","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we propose one possibility to increase both the speed and the quantity of bacteria collected on a dielectrophoresis (DEP) structure for small sample volumes. To achieve this, an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device was positioned opposite to the DEP structure. This setup allows oscillations of the droplet containing the bacteria, leading to a continuous flow within the droplet that brings new bacteria into the vicinity of the DEP electrodes, where the bacteria can be captured. Additionally, the EWOD electrodes can be employed to transport small liquid samples containing bacteria towards the DEP electrodes. To reduce the voltage required for the EWOD operation, a thin film of titanium dioxide was incorporated into the structure. The thickness of this layer, as well as the hydrophobic coating necessary for optimal EWOD performance, was optimized. Polymer microspheres were used for oscillation testing, and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) served as the primary test organism. The behavior of these microparticles in a liquid environment was monitored microscopically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100692
Xike Zhou , Xuchun Han , Lifang Liu , Xiaoping Wang , Junjie Lu , Long Qiu , Tao Wu , Hao Pei , Guping Zhao , Jin Wang
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent public health threat, while the efficiency of traditional diagnostic methods is restricted. To address this, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12b-based one-step dual-target detection system (TB-QUICKv2) for sensitive and specific detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Specifically, Cas12b and a molecular beacon (MB) probe were used to detect the target MTBC IS6110 sequence and an internal control (IC), the Bacillus spizizenii 16S sequence, in one reaction system, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature for TB-QUICKv2 was 57 °C and the detection procedure can be completed within 25 min. TB-QUICKv2 is highly specific (100 %) for MTBC with a limit of detection of 10.4 CFU per milliliter at a 95 % confidence interval. TB-QUICKv2 was further validated with clinical sputum samples and the results showed remarkably higher sensitivity (41/74) than the traditional culture method (37/74) and acid-fast bacillus (AFB) testing (33/74). Therefore, this study demonstrates that TB-QUICKv2 is a promising method for the rapid and accurate detection of MTBC and other infectious pathogens in the future.
{"title":"Cas12b-assisted one-step dual-target CRISPR system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection","authors":"Xike Zhou , Xuchun Han , Lifang Liu , Xiaoping Wang , Junjie Lu , Long Qiu , Tao Wu , Hao Pei , Guping Zhao , Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent public health threat, while the efficiency of traditional diagnostic methods is restricted. To address this, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12b-based one-step dual-target detection system (TB-QUICKv2) for sensitive and specific detection of the <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex (MTBC). Specifically, Cas12b and a molecular beacon (MB) probe were used to detect the target MTBC IS6110 sequence and an internal control (IC), the <em>Bacillus spizizenii</em> 16S sequence, in one reaction system, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature for TB-QUICKv2 was 57 °C and the detection procedure can be completed within 25 min. TB-QUICKv2 is highly specific (100 %) for MTBC with a limit of detection of 10.4 CFU per milliliter at a 95 % confidence interval. TB-QUICKv2 was further validated with clinical sputum samples and the results showed remarkably higher sensitivity (41/74) than the traditional culture method (37/74) and acid-fast bacillus (AFB) testing (33/74). Therefore, this study demonstrates that TB-QUICKv2 is a promising method for the rapid and accurate detection of MTBC and other infectious pathogens in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100690
Pawankumar Rai , Srishti Mehrotra , Ashish K. Singh , Smriti Priya , Bhaskar Narayan , Sandeep K. Sharma
Anemia and related blood disorders particularly prevalent among children and women in regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia pose a major global health burden. Undiagnosed and untreated anemia often leads to severe health complications making accurate quantification of hemoglobin (Hb) critical for effective management. Conventional laboratory-based methods, though reliable, are often expensive, require expertise and are inaccessible in remote and rural areas, necessitating the need for affordable and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for estimation of hemoglobin. To address these challenges, a QR-code integrated, chromogenic paper-based strip and an electrochemical sensor for estimation of Hb has been developed. The developed chromogenic paper-based Hb-strip demonstrated estimation of Hb in the range of 4–16 g/dL and validated with standard spectrophotometric method. Semi-quantitative Hb estimation was achieved through RGB analysis. Characterization of the developed electrochemical sensor revealed a linear increase in anodic peak current with increasing hemoglobin concentration demonstrating strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) and high sensitivity (5.932 μA/g·dL−1), with detection and quantification limits of 0.31 and 1.03 g/dL, respectively. The QR-code embedded on the strip provided multilingual analytical information, enabling user-friendly interpretation. The developed chromogenic Hb-strips offers low-cost, point-of-care and scalable solution for estimation of Hb in low-resource healthcare settings.
{"title":"A paper-based chromogenic strip and electrochemical sensor for semi-quantitative estimation of hemoglobin","authors":"Pawankumar Rai , Srishti Mehrotra , Ashish K. Singh , Smriti Priya , Bhaskar Narayan , Sandeep K. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia and related blood disorders particularly prevalent among children and women in regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia pose a major global health burden. Undiagnosed and untreated anemia often leads to severe health complications making accurate quantification of hemoglobin (Hb) critical for effective management. Conventional laboratory-based methods, though reliable, are often expensive, require expertise and are inaccessible in remote and rural areas, necessitating the need for affordable and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for estimation of hemoglobin. To address these challenges, a QR-code integrated, chromogenic paper-based strip and an electrochemical sensor for estimation of Hb has been developed. The developed chromogenic paper-based Hb-strip demonstrated estimation of Hb in the range of 4–16 g/dL and validated with standard spectrophotometric method. Semi-quantitative Hb estimation was achieved through RGB analysis. Characterization of the developed electrochemical sensor revealed a linear increase in anodic peak current with increasing hemoglobin concentration demonstrating strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97) and high sensitivity (5.932 μA/g·dL<sup>−1</sup>), with detection and quantification limits of 0.31 and 1.03 g/dL, respectively. The QR-code embedded on the strip provided multilingual analytical information, enabling user-friendly interpretation. The developed chromogenic Hb-strips offers low-cost, point-of-care and scalable solution for estimation of Hb in low-resource healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The trans-cleavage capability of CRISPR/Cas12a presents significant opportunities for the precise detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, this potential has not been fully utilized in the context of lateral flow devices. This study introduced a novel, highly sensitive lateral flow assay that leverages the functionalities of CRISPR/Cas12a in conjunction with DNA probes to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, a primary etiological factor in cervical cancer, directly from clinical samples. The assay employed a DNA capture probe with specific sequences to construct both the control line using 40 thymine bases (T40) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the test line utilizing 40 cytocine bases (C40) ssDNA, thereby effectively monitoring the presence of target DNA. In the mixed master reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a was combined with Biotin-GGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAA (G10A10) ssDNA and introduced to a sample containing the HPV DNA. This process initiated a trans-cleavage mechanism, resulting in the conversion of Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA into Biotin-G10 ssDNA. By incorporating streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on the conjugate pad, the assay captured both Biotin-G10 ssDNA and any unreacted Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA at the test line and control line, respectively, leading to a distinct colorimetric appearance. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.2 copies/μL and exhibited excellent selectivity for HPV16 in clinical samples, correlating favorably with results obtained through gel electrophoresis. This innovative system not only underscores the considerable potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of HPV DNA, but it also serves as a promising prototype for further advancements in nucleic acid-based detection methodologies.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas12-based signal-on lateral flow immunoassay for ultra-sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical samples","authors":"Panon Tungkunaruk , Sakda Jampasa , Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum , Orawon Chailapakul , Natthaya Chuaypen , Janjira Panchompoo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trans-cleavage capability of CRISPR/Cas12a presents significant opportunities for the precise detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, this potential has not been fully utilized in the context of lateral flow devices. This study introduced a novel, highly sensitive lateral flow assay that leverages the functionalities of CRISPR/Cas12a in conjunction with DNA probes to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, a primary etiological factor in cervical cancer, directly from clinical samples. The assay employed a DNA capture probe with specific sequences to construct both the control line using 40 thymine bases (T40) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the test line utilizing 40 cytocine bases (C40) ssDNA, thereby effectively monitoring the presence of target DNA. In the mixed master reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a was combined with Biotin-GGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAA (G10A10) ssDNA and introduced to a sample containing the HPV DNA. This process initiated a trans-cleavage mechanism, resulting in the conversion of Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA into Biotin-G10 ssDNA. By incorporating streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on the conjugate pad, the assay captured both Biotin-G10 ssDNA and any unreacted Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA at the test line and control line, respectively, leading to a distinct colorimetric appearance. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.2 copies/μL and exhibited excellent selectivity for HPV16 in clinical samples, correlating favorably with results obtained through gel electrophoresis. This innovative system not only underscores the considerable potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of HPV DNA, but it also serves as a promising prototype for further advancements in nucleic acid-based detection methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100687
Antonella Miglione , Panagiota M. Kalligosfyri , Claudia Corbo , Donato Calabria , Mara Mirasoli , Marco Frasconi , Stefano Cinti
In this work, we demonstrate how the analytical performance towards β-amyloid (Aβ(1–42) detection can be easily improved by using a printed label-free electrochemical immunosensor coupled to an external paper-based origami. Coupling the immunosensor with a customized foldable origami allows for an increase of resulting sensitivity towards the detection of Aβ(1–42) in both standard and biological samples. The features of paper are fundamental for the analysis of Aβ(1–42), recognized as a central indicator of Alzheimer's pathology, considering the low levels in plasma associated with early-stage disease. The proposed strategy highlights up to a 5-fold signal enhancement in both buffer and plasma at low Aβ(1–42) concentrations, bringing the platform's performance toward clinical requirements. The immunoplatform has been systematically optimized through electrochemical characterization and parameter tuning, achieving limits of detection of 2.7 ng/mL in buffer and 4.7 ng/mL in undiluted plasma, with a linear range up to 1 μg/mL. The platform shows satisfactory repeatability (<10 %) and excellent selectivity in the presence of interfering plasma proteins. Overall, this work offers a promising foundation for the development of accessible and scalable tools for early Alzheimer's disease screening.
{"title":"Paper-based origami assisted and enhanced electroanalytical detection of β-Amyloid peptide in plasma samples","authors":"Antonella Miglione , Panagiota M. Kalligosfyri , Claudia Corbo , Donato Calabria , Mara Mirasoli , Marco Frasconi , Stefano Cinti","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we demonstrate how the analytical performance towards β-amyloid (Aβ(1–42) detection can be easily improved by using a printed label-free electrochemical immunosensor coupled to an external paper-based origami. Coupling the immunosensor with a customized foldable origami allows for an increase of resulting sensitivity towards the detection of Aβ(1–42) in both standard and biological samples. The features of paper are fundamental for the analysis of Aβ(1–42), recognized as a central indicator of Alzheimer's pathology, considering the low levels in plasma associated with early-stage disease. The proposed strategy highlights up to a 5-fold signal enhancement in both buffer and plasma at low Aβ(1–42) concentrations, bringing the platform's performance toward clinical requirements. The immunoplatform has been systematically optimized through electrochemical characterization and parameter tuning, achieving limits of detection of 2.7 ng/mL in buffer and 4.7 ng/mL in undiluted plasma, with a linear range up to 1 μg/mL. The platform shows satisfactory repeatability (<10 %) and excellent selectivity in the presence of interfering plasma proteins. Overall, this work offers a promising foundation for the development of accessible and scalable tools for early Alzheimer's disease screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100686
Jinhang Ma , Sijie Yin , Xiaoyan Wang , Qi Zhang , Minmin Liang
This manuscript presents Eprobe, a wearable potentiostat that supports multiple electrochemical techniques and simultaneous multi-channel operations. Built on an ARM-based microcontroller, Eprobe incorporates an advanced analog front-end (AFE) optimized for versatile electrochemical functions. It provides a dynamic voltage regulation range of ±16 V, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements across various conditions. With compact dimensions of 6 cm × 7 cm × 2 cm and a weight of 150 g, Eprobe supports 12 electrochemical techniques across six independent channels operating concurrently. It provides a bias voltage output range of ±10 V, a current measurement range of ±200 mA, and a measurement accuracy of 100 nA. Comparative experiments with the CHI760E potentiostat―a leading benchtop device measuring 34 cm × 25 cm × 11 cm and weighing 4.5 kg―along with real-world measurements and simultaneous multichannel operation, demonstrate that Eprobe achieves comparable performance. Moreover, Eprobe offers significant advantages over existing wearable potentiostats, including an extended voltage support range, enhanced current detection sensitivity, and multi-channel, multi-technique compatibility. Eprobe is fully open-source, offering researchers a powerful tool to advance electrochemical methodologies and facilitate the development of wearable, multi-target integrated monitoring systems.
{"title":"Eprobe: A multi-technique, multi-channel wearable potentiostat","authors":"Jinhang Ma , Sijie Yin , Xiaoyan Wang , Qi Zhang , Minmin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript presents Eprobe, a wearable potentiostat that supports multiple electrochemical techniques and simultaneous multi-channel operations. Built on an ARM-based microcontroller, Eprobe incorporates an advanced analog front-end (AFE) optimized for versatile electrochemical functions. It provides a dynamic voltage regulation range of ±16 V, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements across various conditions. With compact dimensions of 6 cm × 7 cm × 2 cm and a weight of 150 g, Eprobe supports 12 electrochemical techniques across six independent channels operating concurrently. It provides a bias voltage output range of ±10 V, a current measurement range of ±200 mA, and a measurement accuracy of 100 nA. Comparative experiments with the CHI760E potentiostat―a leading benchtop device measuring 34 cm × 25 cm × 11 cm and weighing 4.5 kg―along with real-world measurements and simultaneous multichannel operation, demonstrate that Eprobe achieves comparable performance. Moreover, Eprobe offers significant advantages over existing wearable potentiostats, including an extended voltage support range, enhanced current detection sensitivity, and multi-channel, multi-technique compatibility. Eprobe is fully open-source, offering researchers a powerful tool to advance electrochemical methodologies and facilitate the development of wearable, multi-target integrated monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100678
Amran Hossain , Mehedi Hasan Manik , Saifuddin Rakib , Naym Mahmud , Safiullah Khan , Zahid Ahsan , Md Safiul Islam , Nayem Hossain , Mosst Asma Akter
Green nanotechnology is increasingly leveraged to create biocompatible, environmentally friendly implanted biosensors that transform medical diagnostics without the ecological costs associated with conventional fabrication. Utilizing in-situ phytochemicals or microbial enzymes in plant extract, microbe, and biopolymer synthesis methods enables environmentally responsible nanoparticle synthesis of Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Quantum Dots(QDs) with greater cell viability and colloidal stability compared to those synthesized using the citrate reduction method. The functional integration of green-synthesized nanomaterials into biosensors enables nanomaterials to perform precise detection of biomarkers, such as glucose, lactate, and proteins, with high sensitivity, specificity, and signal transduction, for point-of-care applications and personalized medicine. Convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) integration in intelligent sensing networks that bridge biomedical diagnostics and environmental parameter monitoring, safety for chronic disease management, while minimizing contact, enhances the reliability of data and minimizes energy usage. Regulatory hurdles and critical challenges in translating from in vitro to in vivo applications, including surgical implantation risks, calibration drift, and chronic biocompatibility issues. Biodegradable electronics, AI-assisted analytics, and automated stimuli-responsive nanomaterials that adjust to physiological changes are highlighted as future directions. Bioresorbable sensors and self-healing polymers are examples of innovations that highlight the move toward patient-centered, sustainable healthcare. Green nanotechnology opens the door to implanted biosensors that balance environmental responsibility with state-of-the-art medical innovation by linking the fields of material science, bioengineering, and clinical practice. To overcome current obstacles and realize the full potential of implanted biosensors in precision medicine, this study emphasizes the need to develop green approaches.
{"title":"Green nanotechnology for implantable biosensors: Biocompatibility and functional integration in medical applications","authors":"Amran Hossain , Mehedi Hasan Manik , Saifuddin Rakib , Naym Mahmud , Safiullah Khan , Zahid Ahsan , Md Safiul Islam , Nayem Hossain , Mosst Asma Akter","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green nanotechnology is increasingly leveraged to create biocompatible, environmentally friendly implanted biosensors that transform medical diagnostics without the ecological costs associated with conventional fabrication. Utilizing in-situ phytochemicals or microbial enzymes in plant extract, microbe, and biopolymer synthesis methods enables environmentally responsible nanoparticle synthesis of Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Quantum Dots(QDs) with greater cell viability and colloidal stability compared to those synthesized using the citrate reduction method. The functional integration of green-synthesized nanomaterials into biosensors enables nanomaterials to perform precise detection of biomarkers, such as glucose, lactate, and proteins, with high sensitivity, specificity, and signal transduction, for point-of-care applications and personalized medicine. Convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) integration in intelligent sensing networks that bridge biomedical diagnostics and environmental parameter monitoring, safety for chronic disease management, while minimizing contact, enhances the reliability of data and minimizes energy usage. Regulatory hurdles and critical challenges in translating from in vitro to in vivo applications, including surgical implantation risks, calibration drift, and chronic biocompatibility issues. Biodegradable electronics, AI-assisted analytics, and automated stimuli-responsive nanomaterials that adjust to physiological changes are highlighted as future directions. Bioresorbable sensors and self-healing polymers are examples of innovations that highlight the move toward patient-centered, sustainable healthcare. Green nanotechnology opens the door to implanted biosensors that balance environmental responsibility with state-of-the-art medical innovation by linking the fields of material science, bioengineering, and clinical practice. To overcome current obstacles and realize the full potential of implanted biosensors in precision medicine, this study emphasizes the need to develop green approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100673
Trung T. Pham , Jean-François Colomer , José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli , Benjamin Ledoux , Henri-François Renard , Cédric R. Vandenabeele , Laurent Houssiau , Laurent A. Francis , Stéphane P. Vincent , Robert Sporken
Since graphene has a unique band structure with the valence and conduction bands touching each other at a single point called the Dirac point, this makes it extremely sensitive to the surroundings such as doping, external electric field, mechanical deformation, etc. Hence, it is very desirable for sensing applications. However, its surface inertness poses significant drawbacks. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the graphene surface to bind biomolecules. In this paper, we report the use of amine-functionalized graphene by plasma polymerization to detect the presence of biomolecules in graphene channel based on a liquid-gate field-effect transistor (LG-GFET). Taking streptavidin and biotin as an example, the binding interactions of streptavidin–biotin complexes are detected by monitoring the shift of the Dirac point. By varying the streptavidin concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1000 nM, we found that our LG-GFET achieves detection capabilities as low as 0.1 nM. Our approach can be applied for the detection of biological molecules with low detection limit, high sensitivity, and stability.
{"title":"Field-effect transistor for biosensing applications using a graphene channel with amine-rich coatings","authors":"Trung T. Pham , Jean-François Colomer , José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli , Benjamin Ledoux , Henri-François Renard , Cédric R. Vandenabeele , Laurent Houssiau , Laurent A. Francis , Stéphane P. Vincent , Robert Sporken","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since graphene has a unique band structure with the valence and conduction bands touching each other at a single point called the Dirac point, this makes it extremely sensitive to the surroundings such as doping, external electric field, mechanical deformation, etc. Hence, it is very desirable for sensing applications. However, its surface inertness poses significant drawbacks. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the graphene surface to bind biomolecules. In this paper, we report the use of amine-functionalized graphene by plasma polymerization to detect the presence of biomolecules in graphene channel based on a liquid-gate field-effect transistor (LG-GFET). Taking streptavidin and biotin as an example, the binding interactions of streptavidin–biotin complexes are detected by monitoring the shift of the Dirac point. By varying the streptavidin concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1000 nM, we found that our LG-GFET achieves detection capabilities as low as 0.1 nM. Our approach can be applied for the detection of biological molecules with low detection limit, high sensitivity, and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing global prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in low resource settings. Improving patient outcomes requires early and accurate diagnosis, but existing diagnostic approaches frequently depend on invasive procedures and centralized labs, which limits their timeliness and accessibility. This review emphasizes the increasing importance of the nanoparticle-based portable biosensors as a pioneering strategy for these diagnostic issues. These emerging biosensing platforms provide a great combination of miniaturization, sensitivity, and instant detection, which are especially promising in point-of-care and personalized healthcare. Great advances in biosensor platforms in terms of detection of biomarkers had been made by inclusion of nanomaterials in these devices, showing potential for non-invasive and rapid disease monitoring at low-cost impact. It provides a comprehensive understanding of how nanotechnology-driven biosensors are reshaping the future of diagnostics for chronic diseases. In order to demonstrate how these systems might facilitate early intervention, ongoing monitoring, and wider access to healthcare, this paper compiles current advancements. Therefore, portable biosensors that use nanotechnology can contribute to quicker, simpler, and more accessible illness diagnosis, which will improve patient care everywhere.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-enabled portable biosensors for early detection and monitoring of non-communicable diseases: A focus on diabetes, cardiovascular, and cancer diagnostics","authors":"Anjali Upadhaya , Joynath Pegu , Yengkhom Disco Singh , Senpon Ngomle","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in low resource settings. Improving patient outcomes requires early and accurate diagnosis, but existing diagnostic approaches frequently depend on invasive procedures and centralized labs, which limits their timeliness and accessibility. This review emphasizes the increasing importance of the nanoparticle-based portable biosensors as a pioneering strategy for these diagnostic issues. These emerging biosensing platforms provide a great combination of miniaturization, sensitivity, and instant detection, which are especially promising in point-of-care and personalized healthcare. Great advances in biosensor platforms in terms of detection of biomarkers had been made by inclusion of nanomaterials in these devices, showing potential for non-invasive and rapid disease monitoring at low-cost impact. It provides a comprehensive understanding of how nanotechnology-driven biosensors are reshaping the future of diagnostics for chronic diseases. In order to demonstrate how these systems might facilitate early intervention, ongoing monitoring, and wider access to healthcare, this paper compiles current advancements. Therefore, portable biosensors that use nanotechnology can contribute to quicker, simpler, and more accessible illness diagnosis, which will improve patient care everywhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677
Hojoong Kim , Hoodam Kim , Seungpyo Kang , Gamze Kilic-Berkmen , Kyoungmin Min , H.A. Jinnah , Woon-Hong Yeo
Blepharospasm (BSP) is a neuro-ophthalmologic disorder marked by excessive blinking and involuntary contractions of the muscles around the eyes. Current standard clinical evaluations rely mainly on subjective assessments, often resulting in inconsistencies and human errors in diagnosis and severity monitoring. Here, we introduce a wireless, face-wearable, all-in-one bioelectronic system designed to continuously capture high-fidelity electrooculograms and electromyograms as a quantitative tool for diagnosing BSP. This device features soft membrane sensors and integrated circuits that ensure skin conformity, allowing for highly accurate signal detection on the face. The wearable system has been optimized in both design and functionality to detect a wide range of BSP-related issues across multiple patients, such as increased blink rates, eyelid fluttering, and prolonged eye closures. Our study shows that the normal blink frequency is similar (p = 0.546); however, the BSP group exhibits longer durations and higher amplitudes (p < 0.005). Partial blinks are more frequent and have higher amplitudes, but similar durations (p < 0.005). Long blinks are different in both frequency and duration, but not amplitude (p < 0.01). Flutter events also show group differences in frequency (p < 0.01) and duration (p < 0.005), with no amplitude difference (p = 0.168). A machine learning-based prediction model demonstrates an accuracy of 81.5 % and an F1-score of 0.814 when validated against expert-annotated video data. Overall, the combination of wireless soft bioelectronics and advanced machine learning algorithms, presented in this work, shows a first-of-a-kind approach to effectively and accurately diagnosing BSP.
{"title":"Face-wearable integrated bioelectronics for quantitative, automated diagnosis of blepharospasm","authors":"Hojoong Kim , Hoodam Kim , Seungpyo Kang , Gamze Kilic-Berkmen , Kyoungmin Min , H.A. Jinnah , Woon-Hong Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blepharospasm (BSP) is a neuro-ophthalmologic disorder marked by excessive blinking and involuntary contractions of the muscles around the eyes. Current standard clinical evaluations rely mainly on subjective assessments, often resulting in inconsistencies and human errors in diagnosis and severity monitoring. Here, we introduce a wireless, face-wearable, all-in-one bioelectronic system designed to continuously capture high-fidelity electrooculograms and electromyograms as a quantitative tool for diagnosing BSP. This device features soft membrane sensors and integrated circuits that ensure skin conformity, allowing for highly accurate signal detection on the face. The wearable system has been optimized in both design and functionality to detect a wide range of BSP-related issues across multiple patients, such as increased blink rates, eyelid fluttering, and prolonged eye closures. Our study shows that the normal blink frequency is similar (p = 0.546); however, the BSP group exhibits longer durations and higher amplitudes (p < 0.005). Partial blinks are more frequent and have higher amplitudes, but similar durations (p < 0.005). Long blinks are different in both frequency and duration, but not amplitude (p < 0.01). Flutter events also show group differences in frequency (p < 0.01) and duration (p < 0.005), with no amplitude difference (p = 0.168). A machine learning-based prediction model demonstrates an accuracy of 81.5 % and an F1-score of 0.814 when validated against expert-annotated video data. Overall, the combination of wireless soft bioelectronics and advanced machine learning algorithms, presented in this work, shows a first-of-a-kind approach to effectively and accurately diagnosing BSP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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