Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124743
Yiming Zhang , Changhui Shao , Jinglin Yu , Yuedong Yang , Shujun Wang
Starch-unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) complexes have been shown to present additional functionalities compared to starch-saturated FA complexes. However, little information is available regarding the effects of complexing time on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their functionalities. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of complexing time (0.5 h, 3 h and 6 h) on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their potentially antioxidant protection towards the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. Our results showed that 3 h of complexing time was more favorable for the formation of starch-UFA complexes than 0.5 h and 6 h. Moreover, the complexes formed with a complexing time of 3 h presented higher degree of long- and short-range order. All the complexes, especially those prepared with 3 h of complexing time, showed the promising antioxidant protective effects on the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. The antioxidant protection and slow digestion of complexes followed by slow release of UFAs were largely related to their crystalline structure. Our study showed clearly that the complexing time had great effect on the formation of starch-UFA complexes with desirable functional properties.
{"title":"Starch-unsaturated fatty acid complexes with antioxidant protection and slow-digesting properties: Effects of complexing time","authors":"Yiming Zhang , Changhui Shao , Jinglin Yu , Yuedong Yang , Shujun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Starch-unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) complexes have been shown to present additional functionalities compared to starch-saturated FA complexes. However, little information is available regarding the effects of complexing time on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their functionalities. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of complexing time (0.5 h, 3 h and 6 h) on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their potentially antioxidant protection towards the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. Our results showed that 3 h of complexing time was more favorable for the formation of starch-UFA complexes than 0.5 h and 6 h. Moreover, the complexes formed with a complexing time of 3 h presented higher degree of long- and short-range order. All the complexes, especially those prepared with 3 h of complexing time, showed the promising antioxidant protective effects on the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. The antioxidant protection and slow digestion of complexes followed by slow release of UFAs were largely related to their crystalline structure. Our study showed clearly that the complexing time had great effect on the formation of starch-UFA complexes with desirable functional properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124743"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124757
Amir Hossein Behroozi , Rana Rafiei , Vahid Vatanpour , Pascale Champagne , Tizazu H. Mekonnen , Ehssan Koupaie
Chitosan, a bio-derived polymer obtained from chitin, has emerged as one of the most versatile materials for water treatment, yet its transition from laboratory innovation to scalable technology remains constrained by persistent challenges. Despite its natural abundance, biodegradability, and high affinity toward diverse pollutants, the design of robust, high-performance chitosan-based systems continues to demand innovative solutions. This review critically examines signature contributions and developments from the past five years in unmodified, crosslinked, composite, membrane, and bead forms of chitosan, highlighting not only their promise in adsorption, separation, and catalytic processes but also the fundamental gaps in understanding structure–function relationships. Particular attention is devoted to mechanistic insights into contaminant interactions, the roles of physicochemical parameters, and their consequences for performance stability under realistic conditions. Importantly, this review underscores the pressing limitations often overlooked in the literature, including poor mechanical strength, limited chemical durability, regeneration inefficiencies, and the economic and environmental barriers to scale-up. Looking forward, progress will depend on deeper mechanistic mapping, integration of multifunctionality, and adoption of green synthesis and crosslinking strategies that reconcile performance with sustainability. By situating chitosan within the broader context of emerging complementary treatment technologies, this review positions chitosan not as a mature solution but as a critical and evolving platform, one whose future hinges on addressing the complex balance between efficiency, resilience, and real-world applicability.
{"title":"Engineered chitosan for water purification: Mechanistic insights and material innovations for contaminant removal","authors":"Amir Hossein Behroozi , Rana Rafiei , Vahid Vatanpour , Pascale Champagne , Tizazu H. Mekonnen , Ehssan Koupaie","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan, a bio-derived polymer obtained from chitin, has emerged as one of the most versatile materials for water treatment, yet its transition from laboratory innovation to scalable technology remains constrained by persistent challenges. Despite its natural abundance, biodegradability, and high affinity toward diverse pollutants, the design of robust, high-performance chitosan-based systems continues to demand innovative solutions. This review critically examines signature contributions and developments from the past five years in unmodified, crosslinked, composite, membrane, and bead forms of chitosan, highlighting not only their promise in adsorption, separation, and catalytic processes but also the fundamental gaps in understanding structure–function relationships. Particular attention is devoted to mechanistic insights into contaminant interactions, the roles of physicochemical parameters, and their consequences for performance stability under realistic conditions. Importantly, this review underscores the pressing limitations often overlooked in the literature, including poor mechanical strength, limited chemical durability, regeneration inefficiencies, and the economic and environmental barriers to scale-up. Looking forward, progress will depend on deeper mechanistic mapping, integration of multifunctionality, and adoption of green synthesis and crosslinking strategies that reconcile performance with sustainability. By situating chitosan within the broader context of emerging complementary treatment technologies, this review positions chitosan not as a mature solution but as a critical and evolving platform, one whose future hinges on addressing the complex balance between efficiency, resilience, and real-world applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124757"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124759
Yue Zhao , Yuehan Shan , Hongjuan Wang , Zhao Zhang , Caili Wang , Lei Dai , Yanfei Wang , Qingjie Sun , David Julian McClements , Yongqiang Cheng , Xingfeng Xu
The poor mechanical properties and freeze-thaw stability of soy protein hydrogels limit their application in meat analogue products. In this study, we developed an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composed of two crosslinked biopolymers: soy protein isolate (SPI) crosslinked by transglutaminase, and sanxan crosslinked by cations. The presence of sanxan altered the secondary structure of SPI. The dominant molecular interactions in the composite gels were disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions. As the sanxan concentration increased, the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels initially increased but then decreased. At an optimized SPI and sanxan composition (10 %/0.6 % w/v), the composite hydrogels exhibited the highest degree of crosslinking (Q = 49.92), Young's modulus (20 kPa), freeze-thaw stability (16.5 % syneresis), and the lowest phase transition temperature (−18.8 °C). Additionally, these hydrogels exhibited the least change in water mobility, porosity, stress-strain profile, and viscoelasticity after freeze-thaw treatment. This was due to the ability of sanxan to delay water crystallization during the freeze-thaw process. This study provides a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of plant-based meat analogues through improved mechanical and freeze-thaw stability.
{"title":"Interpenetrating network hydrogels based on soy protein isolate and sanxan: Structure, mechanical properties, and freeze-thaw stability","authors":"Yue Zhao , Yuehan Shan , Hongjuan Wang , Zhao Zhang , Caili Wang , Lei Dai , Yanfei Wang , Qingjie Sun , David Julian McClements , Yongqiang Cheng , Xingfeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor mechanical properties and freeze-thaw stability of soy protein hydrogels limit their application in meat analogue products. In this study, we developed an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel composed of two crosslinked biopolymers: soy protein isolate (SPI) crosslinked by transglutaminase, and sanxan crosslinked by cations. The presence of sanxan altered the secondary structure of SPI. The dominant molecular interactions in the composite gels were disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions. As the sanxan concentration increased, the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels initially increased but then decreased. At an optimized SPI and sanxan composition (10 %/0.6 % <em>w</em>/<em>v</em>), the composite hydrogels exhibited the highest degree of crosslinking (<em>Q</em> = 49.92), Young's modulus (20 kPa), freeze-thaw stability (16.5 % syneresis), and the lowest phase transition temperature (−18.8 °C). Additionally, these hydrogels exhibited the least change in water mobility, porosity, stress-strain profile, and viscoelasticity after freeze-thaw treatment. This was due to the ability of sanxan to delay water crystallization during the freeze-thaw process. This study provides a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of plant-based meat analogues through improved mechanical and freeze-thaw stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124759"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124460
Tianyu Li , Xin Hou , Yihua Huang , Changsheng Wang , Haiyun Chen , Chunyan Yan
{"title":"Retraction notice to “In vitro and in silico anti-osteoporosis activities and underlying mechanisms of a fructan, ABW90-1, from Achyranthes bidentate” [Carbohydr. Polym. 276 (2022) 118730]","authors":"Tianyu Li , Xin Hou , Yihua Huang , Changsheng Wang , Haiyun Chen , Chunyan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124460"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124726
Yu Wang , Dongxuan Zheng , Shuyi Ji , Junjie Tan , Zhanping Tian , Xierzhati Aihaiti , Yawen Bai , Jun Yao , Junmin Chang , Jing Shen
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Structural characterisation of Cistanche tubulosa polysaccharides and their effects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via gut microbiota regulation” [Carbohydrate Polymers 371 (2026) 124495]","authors":"Yu Wang , Dongxuan Zheng , Shuyi Ji , Junjie Tan , Zhanping Tian , Xierzhati Aihaiti , Yawen Bai , Jun Yao , Junmin Chang , Jing Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124726"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124760
Yan Ma , Ying Pan , Lutan Zhou , Lige Cui , Xuewen Wu , Mengchen Ji , Dilihumaer Ruzemaimaiti , Wenwen Ma , Haitian Wang , Linxia Chen , Weilie Xiao , Ronghua Yin , Jinhua Zhao
Systematic analysis of the gelatinoid of the sea hare Bursatella leachii egg strings showed that the material almost entirely consisted of polysaccharides. Hot water treatment could efficiently and conveniently extract the acidic polysaccharides (BLP) almost completely, with a yield of up to 50 % of the dry weight of the egg strings. Physicochemical analysis revealed that BLP is composed of glucuronic acid, glucosamine, galactose, and sulfate groups in a molar ratio of 1.00: 1.00: 1.12: 2.40, with a molecular weight of 359.7 kDa. The sulfation degree is comparable to heparin and higher than that of heparan sulfate. NMR analysis revealed that the backbone of BLP was as 4)-D-GlcA(S)-(β1, 4)-D-GlcN (Ac/S3S)-(α1, within the glucosamine residues could be modified by sulfated Gal via an α1, 6-glycosidic bond, representing the first discovery of an HS derivative with extensive Gal side-chains. BLP exhibited certain anticoagulant activity and potent heparanase inhibition. It also effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of 4 T1 mammary carcinoma cells, with superior anti-metastatic effects demonstrated by its typical low-molecular-weight product dBLP-5. This study enriches our understanding of natural GAGs and offers a high-yield source for developing potent heparin-like therapeutic compounds.
系统分析了水蛭卵串的明胶物质，结果表明，该物质几乎完全由多糖组成。热水处理能有效方便地提取几乎全部的酸性多糖（BLP），产率可达卵串干重的50%。理化分析表明，BLP由葡萄糖醛酸、氨基葡萄糖、半乳糖和硫酸盐基团组成，摩尔比为1.00:1.00:1.12:2.40，分子量为359.7 kDa。磺化程度与肝素相当，高于硫酸肝素。核磁共振分析表明，BLP的主链为4)- d - glca (S)-(β 1,4)- d - glcn (Ac/S3S)-(α1)，在葡萄糖胺残基中可以通过α 1,6 -糖苷键被硫酸化的Gal修饰，这是首次发现具有广泛Gal侧链的HS衍生物。BLP具有一定的抗凝血活性和有效的肝素酶抑制作用。它还能有效抑制4t1乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭，其典型的低分子产物dBLP-5具有较好的抗转移作用。该研究丰富了我们对天然GAGs的认识，并为开发有效的肝素样治疗化合物提供了高产来源。
{"title":"Characterization and biological activities of a high-yield galactosylated heparan sulfate from Bursatella leachii egg strings","authors":"Yan Ma , Ying Pan , Lutan Zhou , Lige Cui , Xuewen Wu , Mengchen Ji , Dilihumaer Ruzemaimaiti , Wenwen Ma , Haitian Wang , Linxia Chen , Weilie Xiao , Ronghua Yin , Jinhua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic analysis of the gelatinoid of the sea hare <em>Bursatella leachii</em> egg strings showed that the material almost entirely consisted of polysaccharides. Hot water treatment could efficiently and conveniently extract the acidic polysaccharides (BLP) almost completely, with a yield of up to 50 % of the dry weight of the egg strings. Physicochemical analysis revealed that BLP is composed of glucuronic acid, glucosamine, galactose, and sulfate groups in a molar ratio of 1.00: 1.00: 1.12: 2.40, with a molecular weight of 359.7 kDa. The sulfation degree is comparable to heparin and higher than that of heparan sulfate. NMR analysis revealed that the backbone of BLP was as 4)-D-GlcA(<em>S</em>)-(β1, 4)-D-GlcN (Ac/S3S)-(α1, within the glucosamine residues could be modified by sulfated Gal via an α1, 6-glycosidic bond, representing the first discovery of an HS derivative with extensive Gal side-chains. BLP exhibited certain anticoagulant activity and potent heparanase inhibition. It also effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of 4 T1 mammary carcinoma cells, with superior anti-metastatic effects demonstrated by its typical low-molecular-weight product dBLP-5. This study enriches our understanding of natural GAGs and offers a high-yield source for developing potent heparin-like therapeutic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124760"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124756
Yan-Shu Xiong , Lu-Nan Zhao , Wen Li , Xian-Yan Tao , Shu-Ya Du , Fangxue Hang , Caifeng Xie , Kai Li
Effective removal of organic water pollutants is vital for ecological balance. However, achieving a universal, high-efficiency solution remains challenging. Herein, we developed a polyethyleneimine-modified chitosan/ZIF-8 ultralight foam (PCS@P-ZIF-8) that can synergistically adsorb multiple environmental contaminants, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cationic/anionic dyes. The ultralight foam achieved equilibrium adsorption capacities of 756.2 mg/g for diclofenac sodium, 1155.8 mg/g for Congo red (CR), 1106.0 mg/g for methyl orange, and 769.3 mg/g for sunset yellow, achieving removal rates exceeding 92 % and demonstrating excellent reusability. Through comprehensive performance evaluation, structural analysis, model fitting, and molecular simulations, we elucidated a bridge collaborative adsorption mechanism: anionic pollutants are initially captured by NH3+ groups on PCS@P-ZIF-8 foam surface, generating bridging forces that facilitate subsequent cationic dye adsorption. The multilayer adsorption model best described capture process, which was endothermic and spontaneous. Density functional theory calculations verified the bridging role of CR through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, forming a stable ternary adsorption system (PCS@P-ZIF-8/CR/methylene blue). Toxicity tests demonstrated high biocompatibility, and the foam maintained broad-spectrum adsorption under complex water conditions, exhibiting strong anti-interference and regeneration capabilities. Overall, PCS@P-ZIF-8 shows outstanding potential for multi-pollutant water treatment, providing an effective material platform for advanced environmental remediation.
{"title":"Chitosan/ZIF-8 composite ultralight foam for efficient removal of NSAIDs and multiple dyes: Bridging collaborative adsorption and multidimensional mechanistic insights","authors":"Yan-Shu Xiong , Lu-Nan Zhao , Wen Li , Xian-Yan Tao , Shu-Ya Du , Fangxue Hang , Caifeng Xie , Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective removal of organic water pollutants is vital for ecological balance. However, achieving a universal, high-efficiency solution remains challenging. Herein, we developed a polyethyleneimine-modified chitosan/ZIF-8 ultralight foam (PCS@P-ZIF-8) that can synergistically adsorb multiple environmental contaminants, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cationic/anionic dyes. The ultralight foam achieved equilibrium adsorption capacities of 756.2 mg/g for diclofenac sodium, 1155.8 mg/g for Congo red (CR), 1106.0 mg/g for methyl orange, and 769.3 mg/g for sunset yellow, achieving removal rates exceeding 92 % and demonstrating excellent reusability. Through comprehensive performance evaluation, structural analysis, model fitting, and molecular simulations, we elucidated a bridge collaborative adsorption mechanism: anionic pollutants are initially captured by NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> groups on PCS@P-ZIF-8 foam surface, generating bridging forces that facilitate subsequent cationic dye adsorption. The multilayer adsorption model best described capture process, which was endothermic and spontaneous. Density functional theory calculations verified the bridging role of CR through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, forming a stable ternary adsorption system (PCS@P-ZIF-8/CR/methylene blue). Toxicity tests demonstrated high biocompatibility, and the foam maintained broad-spectrum adsorption under complex water conditions, exhibiting strong anti-interference and regeneration capabilities. Overall, PCS@P-ZIF-8 shows outstanding potential for multi-pollutant water treatment, providing an effective material platform for advanced environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124756"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124758
Nan Du , Zeyu Chang , Wen Li , Pengfei Li , Fuhou Lei , Xi Yao , Jie Li , Meng Wang , Ning Ma , Jianxin Jiang , Kun Wang
Optimization of physical cross-linking is crucial for developing versatile hydrogels. To meet the demanding requirements of flexible cooling dressings, this work fabricated a biocompatible dual cross-linked hydrogel with superior mechanical strength and sustained cooling performance. A primary physical network from alcohol-induced gelation of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was enhanced by a secondary ionic network from sodium alginate (SA). The optimal hydrogel exhibited a combination of desirable properties, including tensile stress of 153 kPa, elongation at break of 100.4 %, and a high latent heat of vaporization (~2360.2 J/g), resulting in a maximum temperature difference of 9.62 °C. Prolonged cooling tests on a skin model and meat confirmed its practical effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the enhanced dual cross-linked network, combining high water-holding capacity, biosafety, and thermal stability, provides a superior and promising material option for flexible physical cooling dressings.
{"title":"Alcohol-induced and ion-mediated strategy for flexible polysaccharide-based hydrogels with superior evaporative cooling performance","authors":"Nan Du , Zeyu Chang , Wen Li , Pengfei Li , Fuhou Lei , Xi Yao , Jie Li , Meng Wang , Ning Ma , Jianxin Jiang , Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimization of physical cross-linking is crucial for developing versatile hydrogels. To meet the demanding requirements of flexible cooling dressings, this work fabricated a biocompatible dual cross-linked hydrogel with superior mechanical strength and sustained cooling performance. A primary physical network from alcohol-induced gelation of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was enhanced by a secondary ionic network from sodium alginate (SA). The optimal hydrogel exhibited a combination of desirable properties, including tensile stress of 153 kPa, elongation at break of 100.4 %, and a high latent heat of vaporization (~2360.2 J/g), resulting in a maximum temperature difference of 9.62 °C. Prolonged cooling tests on a skin model and meat confirmed its practical effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the enhanced dual cross-linked network, combining high water-holding capacity, biosafety, and thermal stability, provides a superior and promising material option for flexible physical cooling dressings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124758"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124754
Jie Wu , Qi Hua , Kamryn Russell , Tao Zou , Lingyan Fang , Zhixin Huang , Tianjie Ao , Huaiyu Zhang , Orlando J. Rojas , Scott Renneckar
Surface acylation of softwood thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fines (<76 μm) using succinic anhydride (SA) and imidazole effectively introduced carboxyl groups to both lignin and carbohydrate components, increasing the total carboxyl content to 0.6 mmol/g and up to 1.2 mmol/g in lignin. This chemical modification facilitated fibrillation during high-pressure homogenization, producing a fine fraction with uniform microscale morphology and cellulose nanofibrils containing 12 wt% lignin (LCNF). Films produced from these SA-modified fines exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, including a tensile strength exceeding 31 MPa and a Young's modulus over 3.9 GPa. When incorporated into micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (M/NFC) matrices at 30–40 % loadings, the modified fines significantly improved the mechanical performance of M/NFC-derived films, nearly doubling tensile strength (from 36 MPa to over 65 MPa) and modulus (from 1.8 to ∼3.6 GPa), while concurrently enhancing UV-blocking performance without compromising water vapor transmission. Additionally, incorporation of SA-modified fines in M/NFC-based cryogels (from 1 wt% suspensions) increased compressive strength (from 19 to 29 kPa) and modulus (from 0.18 to 0.35 kPa), demonstrating their value as reinforcing agents in lightweight, bio-based materials. Importantly, the inclusion of these fines preserved the ultralow density and exceptionally low thermal conductivity (0.0307 W/m·K) of the cryogels, underscoring their potential in thermal insulation applications.
{"title":"Surface-acylated lignin-rich fines as strength and functional fillers for micro/nano fibrillated cellulose","authors":"Jie Wu , Qi Hua , Kamryn Russell , Tao Zou , Lingyan Fang , Zhixin Huang , Tianjie Ao , Huaiyu Zhang , Orlando J. Rojas , Scott Renneckar","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface acylation of softwood thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fines (<76 μm) using succinic anhydride (SA) and imidazole effectively introduced carboxyl groups to both lignin and carbohydrate components, increasing the total carboxyl content to 0.6 mmol/g and up to 1.2 mmol/g in lignin. This chemical modification facilitated fibrillation during high-pressure homogenization, producing a fine fraction with uniform microscale morphology and cellulose nanofibrils containing 12 wt% lignin (LCNF). Films produced from these SA-modified fines exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, including a tensile strength exceeding 31 MPa and a Young's modulus over 3.9 GPa. When incorporated into micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (M/NFC) matrices at 30–40 % loadings, the modified fines significantly improved the mechanical performance of M/NFC-derived films, nearly doubling tensile strength (from 36 MPa to over 65 MPa) and modulus (from 1.8 to ∼3.6 GPa), while concurrently enhancing UV-blocking performance without compromising water vapor transmission. Additionally, incorporation of SA-modified fines in M/NFC-based cryogels (from 1 wt% suspensions) increased compressive strength (from 19 to 29 kPa) and modulus (from 0.18 to 0.35 kPa), demonstrating their value as reinforcing agents in lightweight, bio-based materials. Importantly, the inclusion of these fines preserved the ultralow density and exceptionally low thermal conductivity (0.0307 W/m·K) of the cryogels, underscoring their potential in thermal insulation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124754"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124752
Xiang Shi , Minghao Shi , Jiewen Fu , Xusheng Lv , Liang Zhang , Qingxia Yuan , Longyan Zhao , Baoshun Zhang
This study isolated a homogeneous polysaccharide ALHX-2M from the body wall of the starfish Anthenoides laevigatus (South China Sea). Structural characterization identified it as a chondroitin sulfate–dermatan sulfate (CS–DS) hybrid chain with a 38.53 % sulfate content and unique 2,3-di-O-sulfate motifs, mainly constituted by the repeating disaccharide units -L-IdoA2S3S-α1,3-D-GalNAc4S(6S)-β1,4- and -D-GlcA2S3S-β1,3-D-GalNAc4S-β1,4- disaccharide with a molar ratio of approximately 2:1. ALHX-2M potently inhibited the intrinsic and common coagulation pathway, as evidenced by significantly prolonged APTT/TT without affecting PT. In vivo, 1.8 mg/kg ALHX-2M achieved 89.7 % thrombus inhibition in tissue thromboplastin-induced rat venous thrombosis (equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg LMWH) and exhibited strong efficacy in carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis, with significantly lower bleeding risk than LMWH. It displayed potent FXase inhibition (IC50 = 57.1 ± 9.3 ng/mL, three-fold more potent than LMWH) and bound FIXa, a serine protease integral to the FXase complex, with high affinity (KD = 2.47 × 10−9 M). Structure–activity relationships confirmed: (1) activity requires a critical molecular size; (2) sulfate groups are essential; and (3) carboxyl groups are critical for FXase targeting. This unusual CS–DS hybrid chain represents a novel low-bleeding-risk anticoagulant candidate, providing an experimental basis for marine antithrombotic drug development and South China Sea biological resource utilization.
本研究从南海海星（Anthenoides laevigatus）的体壁中分离出一种同质多糖ALHX-2M。结构鉴定为硫酸软骨素-硫酸皮聚糖（CS-DS）杂化链，硫酸盐含量为38.53%，具有独特的2,3-二o -硫酸盐基序，主要由重复双糖单元- l - idoa2s3s -α1,3- d - galnac4s (6S)-β1,4-和-d - glca2s3s -β1,3- d - galnac4s -β1,4-双糖组成，摩尔比约为2:1。在体内，1.8 mg/kg ALHX-2M对组织凝血质体诱导的大鼠静脉血栓形成的血栓抑制率为89.7%（相当于3.6 mg/kg低分子肝素），对卡拉胶诱导的小鼠尾部血栓形成具有较强的抑制作用，出血风险明显低于低分子肝素。它对FXase具有强抑制作用（IC50 = 57.1±9.3 ng/mL，比低分子肝素强3倍），并结合FXase复合物中不可或缺的丝氨酸蛋白酶FIXa，具有高亲和力（KD = 2.47 × 10−9 M）。构效关系证实：(1)活性需要一个临界分子大小；(2)硫酸盐基团是必不可少的；(3)羧基对FXase靶向至关重要。这一不同寻常的CS-DS杂交链代表了一种新型低出血风险抗凝血候选药物，为海洋抗凝血药物开发和南海生物资源利用提供了实验基础。
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