Carbohydrate Polymers最新文献_第5页

Production of flame-retardant phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils by choline chloride based reactive deep eutectic solvent 利用基于氯化胆碱的反应性深共晶溶剂生产阻燃磷化纤维素纳米纤丝

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122931

Yutong Zhang , Lebin Zhao , Yun Liu , Chaohong Dong , Kaitao Zhang

Nanocellulose, a biomass resource known for its abundance, renewability, environmental friendliness, and nanoscale size, has garnered significant interest from researchers. However, it is a type of carbohydrate that burns very easily, which limits its applications, especially in areas where good thermal stability and low flammability are requested. In this study, phosphorylated cellulose fibers (P-CF) was prepared via ternary choline chloride/urea/ phosphorous acid reactive deep eutectic solvent (RDES) pretreatment. The influences of different conditions (reaction temperature, time, mass ratio of cellulose to RDES and molar ratio of choline chloride/urea/ phosphorous acid) on the charge density and yield of P-CF were studied. Phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils (P-CNF) with an average width of 5.1 ± 0.2 nm were obtained after subsequential ultrasonication. The peak heat release rate of P-CNF was reduced by 89.1 % compared with unmodified softwood pulp, and the limiting oxygen index value increased to 44.8 %. Furthermore, the fabricated P-CNF based film demonstrated good self-extinguishing behavior in both horizontal and vertical combustion tests, high transparency (visible-light transmittance above 80 %) and robust mechanical properties. This developed RDES system provided a new and sustainable route to prepare intrinsically flame-retardant nanocellulose, which may have potential applications in many fields such as thermal insulation, and electronics.

纳米纤维素是一种生物质资源，以其丰富性、可再生性、环保性和纳米级尺寸而闻名，引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。然而，它是一种非常容易燃烧的碳水化合物，这限制了它的应用，尤其是在需要良好热稳定性和低可燃性的领域。本研究通过氯化胆碱/尿素/磷酸三元反应深共晶溶剂（RDES）预处理制备了磷酸化纤维素纤维（P-CF）。研究了不同条件（反应温度、时间、纤维素与 RDES 的质量比以及氯化胆碱/尿素/磷酸的摩尔比）对 P-CF 电荷密度和产率的影响。经过后续超声处理后，获得了平均宽度为 5.1 ± 0.2 nm 的磷化纤维素纳米纤维（P-CNF）。与未改性的软木纸浆相比，P-CNF 的峰值热释放率降低了 89.1%，极限氧指数值提高到 44.8%。此外，基于 P-CNF 制成的薄膜在水平和垂直燃烧测试中均表现出良好的自熄性能、高透明度（可见光透过率超过 80%）和坚固的机械性能。所开发的 RDES 系统为制备本征阻燃纳米纤维素提供了一条新的可持续途径，它可能在隔热和电子等多个领域得到潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum, yam, and sunflower ameliorate colitis in a structure and intrinsic flora-dependent manner 枸杞、山药和向日葵多糖以结构和内在菌群依赖的方式改善结肠炎

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122905

Shanshan Zhang , Ruchen Zhou , Xiaoran Xie , Shanshan Xiong , Lixiang Li , Yanqing Li

Polysaccharides have been suggested to ameliorate metabolic diseases. However, their differential colitis-mitigating effects in mouse models with different colony structures remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum (LBP), sunflower (SP), and yam (YP) on colitis in C57BL/6 J (B6) mice born via vaginal delivery (VD) and in both caesarean section (CS)- and VD-born Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. LBP was mainly composed of glucose (30.2 %), galactose (27.5 %), and arabinose (26.9 %). The main components of SP and YP were galacturonic acid (75.8 %) and glucose (98.1 %), respectively. Interestingly, LBP effectively alleviated body weight loss, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, and restored intestinal barrier function in all three mouse models. Moreover, LBP decreased the abundance of norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in B6 mice, and the abundance of these genera positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. LBP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, which was positively correlated with the levels of the protective factor, IL-10, in CS-born ICR mice. Collectively, our study suggests the potential application of LBP in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We also provide an alternative method for restoring intestinal homeostasis in CS-born offspring.

多糖被认为可以改善代谢性疾病。然而，人们对多糖在不同菌落结构的小鼠模型中对结肠炎的不同缓解作用仍知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了枸杞多糖（LBP）、向日葵多糖（SP）和山药多糖（YP）对经阴道分娩（VD）出生的 C57BL/6 J（B6）小鼠以及剖腹产（CS）和 VD 出生的癌症研究所（ICR）小鼠结肠炎的影响。枸杞多糖主要由葡萄糖（30.2%）、半乳糖（27.5%）和阿拉伯糖（26.9%）组成。SP和YP的主要成分分别是半乳糖醛酸（75.8%）和葡萄糖（98.1%）。有趣的是，枸杞多糖能有效缓解三种小鼠模型的体重减轻、降低炎性细胞因子水平并恢复肠道屏障功能。此外，枸杞多糖还能降低 B6 小鼠中 norank_f__norank___梭状芽孢杆菌_UCG-014、Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 和 norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group 的丰度，而这些菌属的丰度与促炎细胞因子水平呈正相关。在 CS 出生的 ICR 小鼠中，枸杞多糖增加了乳酸杆菌的丰度，而乳酸杆菌与保护因子 IL-10 的水平呈正相关。总之，我们的研究表明枸杞多糖有可能用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎。我们还提供了一种恢复 CS 出生后代肠道平衡的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Heparin-azithromycin microparticles show anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial pathogens associated to lung infections 肝素-阿奇霉素微粒具有抗炎作用，可抑制与肺部感染相关的 SARS-CoV-2 和细菌病原体

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122930

Brayan J. Anaya , Davide D'Angelo , Ruggero Bettini , Gracia Molina , Amadeo Sanz-Perez , María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela , Carolina Galiana , Carmina Rodríguez , Diego F. Tirado , Aikaterini Lalatsa , Elena González-Burgos , Dolores R. Serrano

Pulmonary infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, a situation exacerbated by the COVID-19. Azithromycin (AZM) is used orally to treat pulmonary infections due to its ability to accumulate in lung tissues and immune cells after oral administration. Sulfated polysaccharides, such as heparin, are known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry. This study presents a novel approach focused on developing a dry powder inhaler of AZM-loaded microparticles composed of either heparin or its derivatives. The microparticle formulations exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 ≤ 95 nM) while retaining superior antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to free AZM (MIC ≤15 μg/mL). Importantly, at bactericidal concentrations, no cytotoxic effects were observed on mammalian cells, including Calu-3 cells and red blood cells. The formulations demonstrated effective alveolar aerodynamic deposition (MMAD ranging from 1 μm to 3 μm) with a Fine Particle Fraction below 5 μm close to 50 %. Adopting a conservative estimate of 20 mL for the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid volume in healthy adults, efficacious local concentrations of sulfated polysaccharides and AZM would be delivered to the lung using this multifaceted strategy which holds promise for the treatment of bacterial pulmonary infections associated with COVID-19.

肺部感染是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，COVID-19 的出现加剧了这一状况。阿奇霉素（AZM）口服后能在肺组织和免疫细胞中蓄积，因此被用于治疗肺部感染。已知硫酸化多糖（如肝素）可抑制 SARS-CoV-2 的进入。本研究提出了一种新方法，重点是开发一种由肝素或其衍生物组成的负载 AZM 的微颗粒干粉吸入器。与游离 AZM 相比（MIC ≤15 μg/mL），这些微粒制剂对 SARS-CoV-2 具有强效抗病毒活性（IC50 ≤ 95 nM），同时对肺炎链球菌和绿脓杆菌具有卓越的抗菌效果。重要的是，在杀菌浓度下，对哺乳动物细胞（包括 Calu-3 细胞和红细胞）没有细胞毒性作用。制剂显示出有效的肺泡空气动力沉积（MMAD 从 1 μm 到 3 μm），5 μm 以下的细颗粒分数接近 50%。保守估计，健康成年人的肺上皮内衬液体积为 20 mL，采用这种多层面策略，硫酸化多糖和 AZM 可有效地输送到肺部，有望治疗与 COVID-19 相关的细菌性肺部感染。

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引用次数: 0

Chromatography-free synthesis of 2A,2B-disulfonated β-cyclodextrin for regiospecific di-substitution 用于区域特异性二取代的 2A,2B-二磺化 β-环糊精的无色谱法合成

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122926

Christopher J. Hobbs, Vít Novotný, Michal Řezanka

Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have extensive applications across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry due to their unique hydrophobic cavities. While monosubstituted cyclodextrin derivatives have established synthesis protocols, di-substituted derivatives pose significant challenges, including low yields and complex purification processes. This study presents a novel methodology for synthesizing di-substituted cyclodextrin derivatives, achieving a 33 % yield without relying on chromatographic techniques. This new approach streamlines the synthesis and purification process, making it more practical for large-scale applications and enhancing the utility of cyclodextrin derivatives in various industries.

环糊精及其衍生物因其独特的疏水性空腔，在制药、化妆品和食品工业中有着广泛的应用。虽然单取代环糊精衍生物已有成熟的合成方案，但二取代衍生物却面临着产量低、纯化过程复杂等重大挑战。本研究提出了一种合成二取代环糊精衍生物的新方法，无需依赖色谱技术即可达到 33% 的产率。这种新方法简化了合成和纯化过程，使其更适用于大规模应用，并提高了环糊精衍生物在各行业中的实用性。

引用次数: 0

Pullulan dialdehyde cross-linked dual-action adhesive with high adhesion to lung tissue and the capability of pH-responsive drug release 具有肺组织高粘附性和 pH 值响应药物释放能力的普鲁兰二甲醛交联双效粘合剂

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122906

Ke Zhang , Hui Huang , Yilin Zhao , Qinghao Zhen , Dongjian Shi , Jinghua Chen , Xi Chen

To address the main challenges for thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery, including persistent pulmonary air leaks and cancer recurrence, this study developed an in-situ adhesive that can effectively adhere to the lung and release the anticancer drug in response to pH. The adhesive was formulated using hydrophobically modified cold-water fish skin gelatin (hm-CFG) and cross-linking agent pullulan dialdehyde (PDA), in which succinic dihydrazide-modified doxorubicin (SDH-DOX) can be incorporated. Utilizing PDA could improve both cohesion and interfacial adhesion, while also offering drug-loading sites through the aldehyde groups that were not involved in cross-linking. The optimal adhesive formulation was 9C10-CFG/PDA (30 w/v% 9 mol% decanal modified CFG/20 w/v% PDA). The 9C10-CFG/PDA adhesive exhibited suitable cohesive strength, good mechanical flexibility (tensile strain over 170 %), and strong interface adhesion. The burst strength of 9C10-CFG/PDA adhesive (131.5 ± 22.2 mm Hg) was almost 6-fold higher than that of commercial fibrin sealant. In a rat pneumothorax model, 9C10-CFG/PDA adhesive displayed favorable wound-sealing properties, as evidenced by CT imaging and restored rat behavior. When combined with the anticancer drug, SDH-DOX@Adhesive could release the drug in response to pH more gradually than DOX@Adhesive. This dual-action adhesive is anticipated to mitigate post-surgical occurrences of lung air leaks and cancer recurrence.

针对胸腔镜肺癌手术面临的主要挑战，包括肺部持续漏气和癌症复发，本研究开发了一种原位粘合剂，它能有效粘附在肺部，并根据 pH 值释放抗癌药物。这种粘合剂是用疏水改性冷水鱼皮明胶（hm-CFG）和交联剂普鲁兰二甲醛（PDA）配制而成，其中可加入琥珀酸二酰肼改性多柔比星（SDH-DOX）。使用 PDA 既能提高内聚力和界面粘附力，又能通过不参与交联的醛基提供药物负载位点。最佳粘合剂配方为 9C10-CFG/PDA（30 w/v% 9 mol% 癸醛改性 CFG/20 w/v% PDA）。9C10-CFG/PDA 粘合剂具有合适的内聚强度、良好的机械柔韧性（拉伸应变超过 170%）和较强的界面粘附性。9C10-CFG/PDA 粘合剂的爆破强度（131.5 ± 22.2 mm Hg）几乎是商用纤维蛋白密封剂的 6 倍。在大鼠气胸模型中，9C10-CFG/PDA 粘合剂显示出良好的伤口密封性能，这一点可通过 CT 成像和大鼠行为恢复得到证明。与抗癌药物结合使用时，SDH-DOX@粘合剂比 DOX@粘合剂更能根据 pH 值逐渐释放药物。这种双重作用的粘合剂有望减轻手术后肺部漏气和癌症复发的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Two-directions mechanical strength and high-barrier mechanisms of cellulose nanocrystal- based hybrids reinforced packaging with nacre-mimetic structure 基于纤维素纳米晶的双向机械强度和高阻隔机理--仿珍珠质结构的混合加固包装

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122910

Amare Worku Alebachew , Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim , Jingli Zhu , Shuping Wu , Yuanhua Zhang , Hou-Yong Yu , Khaydar E. Yunusov

This work represents a new composite film with a nacre-mimetic structure through the alignment of hybrids comprising cellulose nanocrystals and ball-milled boron nitride (CNC-BNNS), within polypropylene carbonate (PPC) endowed with various properties. The impact of CNC-BNNS hybrids on mechanical strength mechanisms was evaluated under two-directional forces, marking the first such assessment. Using a solution casting approach, incorporating 5 % CNC-BNNS improved tensile strength by 67.6 % longitudinally and 4 % in the cross-sectional direction of the prepared PPC composite. Adding 5 %, CNC-BNNS increased the maximum degradation temperature by 12.1 °C and the glass transition temperature by 6.8 °C, as anticipated. Through synergies between CNC-BNNS and PPC, composite film with 15 % CNC-BNNS displayed enhanced barrier properties, notably reducing oxygen permeability (OP) and water vapor permeability (WVP) by 26.1 % and 90.9 %. Consequently, strawberries and blueberries packaged with these films saw extended shelf lives of up to 6 days. Furthermore, the degradation mechanisms of the composite in natural soil were investigated to assure the environmental issue, revealing a fast degradation rate of 44.5 % over 90 days. This study proposes a sustainable method for producing high-performance composite materials with antioxidant, liquid leakage resistance, and UV resistance, making them ideal for food packaging.

这项研究通过将纤维素纳米晶体和球磨氮化硼（CNC-BNNS）混合体排列在具有各种特性的聚碳酸酯（PPC）中，制成了一种具有仿珍珠结构的新型复合薄膜。首次评估了 CNC-BNNS 混合物在双向力作用下对机械强度机制的影响。采用溶液浇铸法，加入 5% 的 CNC-BNNS 可使制备的 PPC 复合材料的纵向拉伸强度提高 67.6%，横截面拉伸强度提高 4%。添加 5 % CNC-BNNS 后，最大降解温度提高了 12.1 °C，玻璃化转变温度提高了 6.8 °C，达到预期效果。通过 CNC-BNS 和 PPC 之间的协同作用，含有 15% CNC-BNS 的复合薄膜显示出更强的阻隔性能，尤其是氧气渗透率 (OP) 和水蒸气渗透率 (WVP) 分别降低了 26.1% 和 90.9%。因此，使用这些薄膜包装的草莓和蓝莓的保质期可延长至 6 天。此外，研究人员还调查了复合材料在天然土壤中的降解机制，以确保环境问题的解决，结果显示，90 天内的快速降解率为 44.5%。这项研究提出了一种生产高性能复合材料的可持续方法，这种材料具有抗氧化、抗液体渗漏和抗紫外线的性能，是食品包装的理想材料。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of polysaccharide and cell wall structure in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus by solid-state NMR 通过固态核磁共振对比分析裸曲霉和烟曲霉的多糖和细胞壁结构

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122907

Isha Gautam , Jayasubba Reddy Yarava , Yifan Xu , Reina Li , Faith J. Scott , Frederic Mentink-Vigier , Michelle Momany , Jean-Paul Latgé , Tuo Wang

Invasive aspergillosis poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, leading to high mortality rates associated with these infections. Targeting the biosynthesis of cell wall carbohydrates is a promising strategy for antifungal drug development and will be advanced by a molecular-level understanding of the native structures of polysaccharides within their cellular context. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has recently provided detailed insights into the cell wall organization of Aspergillus fumigatus, but genetic and biochemical evidence highlights species-specific differences among Aspergillus species. In this study, we employed a combination of ¹³C, ¹⁵N, and ¹H-detection solid-state NMR, supplemented by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP), to compare the structural organization of cell wall polymers and their assembly in the cell walls of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans, both of which are key model organisms and human pathogens. The two species exhibited a similar rigid core architecture, consisting of chitin, α-glucan, and β-glucan, which contributed to comparable cell wall properties, including polymer dynamics, water retention, and supramolecular organization. However, differences were observed in the chitin, galactosaminogalactan, protein, and lipid content, as well as in the dynamics of galactomannan and the structure of the glucan matrix.

侵袭性曲霉菌病对免疫力低下的患者构成重大威胁，导致与这些感染相关的高死亡率。以细胞壁碳水化合物的生物合成为靶点是抗真菌药物开发的一项前景广阔的战略，而对多糖在细胞环境中的原生结构的分子水平的了解将推动这一战略的实施。固态核磁共振光谱最近提供了有关烟曲霉细胞壁组织的详细见解，但遗传和生物化学证据突显了曲霉菌种间的物种特异性差异。在这项研究中，我们结合使用了 13C、15N 和 1H 检测固态核磁共振，并辅以动态核极化（DNP），比较了烟曲霉和裸曲霉细胞壁聚合物的结构组织及其在细胞壁中的组装，这两种曲霉都是重要的模式生物和人类病原体。这两个物种的细胞壁具有相似的刚性核心结构，由几丁质、α-葡聚糖和β-葡聚糖组成，这有助于形成相似的细胞壁特性，包括聚合物动力学、保水性和超分子组织。然而，在几丁质、半乳糖氨半聚糖、蛋白质和脂质含量，以及半乳甘露聚糖的动态和葡聚糖基质的结构方面观察到了差异。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation analysis of starch molecular structure and film properties via rearrangements of glycosidic linkages by 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme 通过 1,4-α-葡聚糖分支酶的糖苷键重排分析淀粉分子结构与薄膜特性的相关性

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122908

Yilin Dong , Zhaofeng Li , Haocun Kong , Xiaofeng Ban , Zhengbiao Gu , Hao Zhang , Yan Hong , Li Cheng , Caiming Li

The functional characteristics of starch films are significantly influenced by the amylose content and the distribution of the amylopectin chain length. This work used 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme to molecularly reconstruct corn, pea, and cassava starch in order to examine the association. Films made of both natural and enzyme-modified starch were produced using the casting method. The study investigated the variations in starch films properties and explored the relationship between starch molecular structure and film qualities by correlation analysis. The results showed a significant positive connection (r = 0.954) between the tensile strength and amylose content, as well as a positive correlation (r = 0.939) between the A chains and the elongation at break. The average chain length (r = 0.932) and amylose content (r = 0.902) showed a positive correlation with the degradation temperature, whereas the amylose content (r = −0.946) showed an adverse correlation with the transparency. The B3 chain (r = 0.851) and the average chain length (r = 0.839) both exhibited a positive connection with its contact angle. As a result, our study thoroughly assesses how starch structure affects the characteristics of starch films and offers a fundamental modification pathway for the development of new application areas.

淀粉膜的功能特性受到直链淀粉含量和直链淀粉链长分布的显著影响。本研究使用 1,4-α 葡聚糖分支酶对玉米、豌豆和木薯淀粉进行分子重构，以研究两者之间的关联。采用浇铸法制作了由天然淀粉和酶修饰淀粉制成的薄膜。研究调查了淀粉薄膜特性的变化，并通过相关分析探讨了淀粉分子结构与薄膜质量之间的关系。结果表明，拉伸强度与淀粉含量之间存在明显的正相关（r = 0.954），A 链与断裂伸长率之间也存在正相关（r = 0.939）。平均链长（r = 0.932）和直链淀粉含量（r = 0.902）与降解温度呈正相关，而直链淀粉含量（r = -0.946）与透明度呈负相关。B3 链（r = 0.851）和平均链长（r = 0.839）均与其接触角呈正相关。因此，我们的研究深入评估了淀粉结构如何影响淀粉薄膜的特性，为开发新的应用领域提供了一条基本的改性途径。

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引用次数: 0

Design of super stretchability, rapid self-healing, and self-adhesion hydrogel based on starch for wearable strain sensors 设计基于淀粉的超伸展性、快速自愈合和自粘合水凝胶，用于可穿戴应变传感器

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122858

Yanyan Li , Xin Wen , Xiaoru Li , Muhammad Zahid , Hongliang Wang , Jian Zhang

Since hydrogels are conductive, easily engineered, and sufficiently flexible to imitate the mechanical properties of human skin, they are seen as potential options for wearable strain sensors. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare a hydrogel through simple and straightforward methods that integrate excellent stretchability, ionic conductivity, toughness, self-adhesion, and self-healing. Herein, an acrylamide/3-acrylamide phenylboronic acid cross-linked network is modified to produce a semi-interpenetrating cross-linked hydrogel in just one easy step by adding starch. The prepared hydrogel contains dynamic boronic ester bonds and hydrogen bonds, which endow the exceptional stretchability (5769–13,976 %, 20–50 wt%), ideal transmittance (>90 %), self-adhesiveness (0.636 ± 0.060 kPa, 30 wt%), and self-healing properties. Notably, the self-healing process is completed instantly, achieving a healing strength of up to 81.21 %. Additionally, the aforementioned hydrogel exhibits a broad working strain range (≈ 500 %) and high sensitivity (gauge factor = 1.99) as a strain sensor, allowing it to record and track human actions precisely. This work provides a novel approach to synthesizing hydrogels with optimal overall mechanical characteristics, with the potential to facilitate the development of wearable strain sensing system based on hydrogels for real-world applications.

由于水凝胶具有导电性，易于工程化，并且具有足够的柔韧性，可以模仿人体皮肤的机械特性，因此被视为可穿戴应变传感器的潜在选择。然而，要通过简单直接的方法制备出集优异的拉伸性、离子传导性、韧性、自粘性和自愈合性于一体的水凝胶，仍然是一项巨大的挑战。在这里，丙烯酰胺/3-丙烯酰胺苯硼酸交联网络通过加入淀粉进行改性，只需一个简单的步骤就能制备出半互穿交联水凝胶。制备的水凝胶含有动态硼酸酯键和氢键，因此具有优异的拉伸性（5769-13976 %，20-50 wt%）、理想的透光率（90 %）、自粘性（0.636 ± 0.060 kPa，30 wt%）和自愈合特性。值得注意的是，自愈合过程可在瞬间完成，愈合强度高达 81.21%。此外，作为应变传感器，上述水凝胶还具有工作应变范围广（≈ 500 %）、灵敏度高（测量系数 = 1.99）的特点，可精确记录和跟踪人体动作。这项工作为合成具有最佳整体机械特性的水凝胶提供了一种新方法，有望促进基于水凝胶的可穿戴应变传感系统在现实世界中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Editing of the soluble starch synthase gene MeSSIII-1 enhanced the amylose and resistant starch contents in cassava 编辑可溶性淀粉合成酶基因 MeSSIII-1 可提高木薯中直链淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量

IF 10.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122903

Xiaohua Lu , Yajie Wang , Xinghou Zhen , Yannian Che , Hui Yu , Yujian Ge , Xiangwen Wang , Ruimei Li , Mengting Geng , Bin Zhou , Jiao Liu , Jianchun Guo , Yuan Yao

Foods with high amylose and resistant starch (RS) contents have great potential to enhance human health. In this study, cassava soluble starch synthase MeSSIII-1 gene mutants were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that the storage roots of messiii-1 mutants had higher contents of amylose, RS, and total starch than those in CK. The rates of small and large-sized starch granules were increased. Additionally, amylopectin starch in messiii-1 mutants had a higher proportion of medium- and long- chains, and a lower proportion of short-chains than those in CK. The onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures of starch gelatinization in messiii-1 mutants were significantly lower than those in CK, and the peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity all increased. MeSSIII-1 mutation could increase the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in cassava storage roots. We hypothesize that these soluble sugars serve a dual role: they provide the necessary carbon source for starch synthesis and act as sugar signals to trigger the transcriptional reprogramming of genes involved in starch biosynthesis. This process results in a collective enhancement of amylose, RS, and total starch contents, accompanied by changes in starch granule morphology, fine structure, and physicochemical properties.

直链淀粉和抗性淀粉（RS）含量高的食品在增进人类健康方面具有巨大潜力。本研究利用 CRISPR/Cas9 系统生成了木薯可溶性淀粉合成酶 MeSSIII-1 基因突变株。结果表明，messiii-1 突变体的贮藏根中直链淀粉、RS 和总淀粉含量均高于 CK。小尺寸和大尺寸淀粉颗粒的比率都有所增加。此外，与 CK 相比，messiii-1 突变体中直链淀粉的中、长链比例更高，短链比例更低。messiii-1突变体中淀粉糊化的起始温度、峰值温度和结束温度都明显低于CK，峰值粘度、谷值粘度和最终粘度都有所增加。MeSSIII-1 突变可增加木薯贮藏根中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的含量。我们推测这些可溶性糖具有双重作用：它们为淀粉合成提供必要的碳源，并作为糖信号触发参与淀粉生物合成的基因的转录重编程。这一过程导致直链淀粉、RS 和总淀粉含量的共同提高，并伴随着淀粉颗粒形态、精细结构和理化性质的变化。

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引用次数: 0