Carbohydrate Polymers最新文献_第3页

Physical-mechanical properties of fucoidan-alginate composite hydrogels 岩藻胶-海藻酸盐复合水凝胶的物理力学性能

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125007

Joachim S. Kjesbu , Tore Kristoffer Wæhre , Wenche I. Strand , Catherine T. Nordgård , Berit L. Strand , Finn L. Aachmann

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from kelp, is gaining attention for its bioactive properties. Alginate is well established as a hydrogel forming biomaterial. While alginate hydrogels have been extensively studied, the effects of fucoidan inclusion remain underexplored. This study examines the effects of fucoidan on alginate hydrogels, focusing on mechanics, ion binding, stability, and leakage. Compression revealed a slightly lower Young's modulus in composite gels compared to pure alginate hydrogels. Composite fucoidan–alginate hydrogels exhibited greatly increased compressibility, tolerating ~90% strain before fracture and requiring 3- to 4-fold greater compressive force. Furthermore, fucoidan yielded fundamental differences in compressive behavior, with pronounced strain stiffening at higher strains and greatly increased total work required for gel rupture. Ion binding, measured by ICP-MS, as well as stability in saline were similar in hydrogels irrespective of fucoidan inclusion. Increased stability was observed when a small fraction of alginate was substituted with fucoidan in microspheres produced by calcium diffusion gelation. NMR analysis of leaked polymeric material from hydrogels indicated an initial release of low-molecular-weight fucoidan, followed by higher-molecular-weight fucoidan with prolonged exposure. These findings demonstrate that fucoidan fundamentally alters the deformation mechanics of alginate hydrogels while maintaining stability, enabling the design of highly compressible hydrogels.

褐藻聚糖是一种来自海带的硫酸酸化多糖，因其生物活性而受到人们的关注。海藻酸盐是一种水凝胶形成的生物材料。虽然海藻酸盐水凝胶已被广泛研究，岩藻聚糖包合物的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究考察了褐藻聚糖对海藻酸盐水凝胶的影响，重点是力学、离子结合、稳定性和泄漏。压缩显示，与纯海藻酸盐水凝胶相比，复合凝胶中的杨氏模量略低。岩藻胶-海藻酸盐复合水凝胶的压缩性大大提高，在破裂前可承受~90%的应变，所需的压缩力提高3- 4倍。此外，岩藻聚糖在压缩行为上产生了根本的差异，在更高的应变下，明显的应变硬化，大大增加了凝胶破裂所需的总功。通过ICP-MS测量的离子结合以及在盐水中的稳定性在水凝胶中是相似的，而不考虑岩藻糖聚糖的包裹性。在钙扩散凝胶法制备的微球中，用岩藻糖聚糖代替一小部分海藻酸盐，观察到稳定性增加。从水凝胶中泄漏的聚合物材料的核磁共振分析表明，最初释放的是低分子量岩藻糖聚糖，随后随着暴露时间的延长，释放的是高分子量岩藻糖聚糖。这些发现表明，岩藻聚糖在保持稳定性的同时，从根本上改变了海藻酸盐水凝胶的变形机制，使高可压缩性水凝胶的设计成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in redox-responsive polysaccharide-based nanostructures for cancer therapy 氧化还原反应性多糖纳米结构在癌症治疗中的最新进展

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124969

Jian Li , Jinsong Wang , Yang Huang , Yuqian Liu , Huining Xiao , Farzad Seidi

Conventional tumor chemotherapy faces limitations including drug resistance, high toxicity, non-selectivity, and side effects. Nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) demonstrate stronger efficacy via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of a promising solution: redox-responsive drug delivery systems engineered from biocompatible polysaccharides. It exclusively details how the distinct reductive (glutathione, GSH) and oxidative (reactive oxygen species, ROS) species within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be exploited for triggered drug release. We systematically evaluate a wide range of responsive groups – from established and emerging linkages such as disulfides, diselenides, thioketals, arylboronates, Pt (IV)- and ferrocene-based structures – integrated with versatile polysaccharide carriers. This review critically examines how these designs not only facilitate selective drug release and activation within tumor site but also enable active targeting (for instance via CD44 receptors) and synergistic combination therapies including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the key challenges in clinical translation and offer a perspective on integrating artificial intelligence for the design of personalized nanomedicines. This review by combining design approaches, their efficacy, and limitations assist scientists to select the optimal polysaccharide and most effective redox-responsive group to maximize anticancer effect and minimize off-target effects.

传统的肿瘤化疗存在耐药、高毒性、非选择性和副作用等局限性。纳米给药系统（dds）通过增强肿瘤血管的渗透性和滞留性（EPR）而显示出更强的疗效。这篇综述提供了一个有前途的解决方案的全面分析：由生物相容性多糖设计的氧化还原反应性药物递送系统。它专门详细介绍了肿瘤微环境（TME）中不同的还原性（谷胱甘肽，GSH）和氧化性（活性氧，ROS）物种如何被利用来触发药物释放。我们系统地评估了广泛的反应基团-从已建立的和新出现的键，如二硫化物、二硒化物、硫酮、芳基硼酸盐、铂（IV）和二茂铁基结构-与多功能多糖载体集成。这篇综述批判性地探讨了这些设计如何不仅促进肿瘤部位的选择性药物释放和激活，而且还能够实现主动靶向（例如通过CD44受体）和包括光动力治疗（PDT）和免疫治疗在内的协同联合治疗。此外，我们讨论了临床翻译中的关键挑战，并提供了将人工智能集成到个性化纳米药物设计中的观点。本综述通过结合设计方法、它们的功效和局限性，帮助科学家选择最佳多糖和最有效的氧化还原反应组，以最大限度地提高抗癌效果，最大限度地减少脱靶效应。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of nanoparticles from atmospheric pressure plasma jet-activated gas modified pectin for oral insulin delivery 常压等离子体喷射活化气修饰果胶制备用于口服胰岛素的纳米颗粒

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124970

Nuo Chen , Xijia Zhang , Weichao Cao , Hong Tian , Xiao Hua

This study investigates the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet-activated gas (APPJ) treatment on pectin and its nanoparticles (APPJ-pectin NPs), and explores their applications in oral insulin delivery systems. The results showed that as APPJ treatment progressed, the molecular weight of pectin significantly decreased, while the degree of esterification increased and its hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties altered. The insulin encapsulation efficiency of APPJ-pectin NPs exhibited minimal variation during the initial stage of treatment. In vitro release studies showed that APPJ-pectin NPs protected insulin in simulated gastric fluid and gradually released it at neutral pH, with the release rate initially decreasing and then increasing with extended APPJ treatment. The hemolysis rates of all samples ranged from 2% to 5%, suggesting that APPJ-pectin NPs exhibited favorable hemocompatibility. APPJ-pectin NPs primarily underwent transepithelial transport via the transcellular pathway, being internalized by endocytosis and subsequently transported intracellularly into the bloodstream. The transepithelial transport efficiency of APPJ-pectin NPs was evaluated using the Transwell system. APPJ treatment significantly increased the transport efficiency, with A60-NPs showing a 57.14% increase compared to the control. Confocal laser scanning microscope observations and flow cytometry experiments further confirmed this result, demonstrating that the uptake of APPJ-pectin NPs by Caco-2 cells was time-dependent, with A60-NPs exhibiting the highest uptake efficiency.

本研究研究了常压等离子射流活化气体（APPJ）处理对果胶及其纳米颗粒（APPJ-pectin NPs）的影响，并探讨了其在口服胰岛素给药系统中的应用。结果表明，随着APPJ处理的进行，果胶分子量显著降低，酯化程度增加，其亲疏水性能发生改变。在治疗初期，appj -果胶NPs的胰岛素包封效率变化很小。体外释放研究表明，APPJ-果胶NPs在模拟胃液中保护胰岛素，并在中性pH下逐渐释放胰岛素，随着APPJ处理时间的延长，释放速率先降低后升高。所有样品的溶血率在2% ~ 5%之间，表明appj -果胶NPs具有良好的血液相容性。appj -果胶NPs主要通过跨细胞途径进行上皮运输，通过内吞作用内化，随后在细胞内运输到血液中。应用Transwell系统评价appj -果胶NPs的上皮转运效率。APPJ处理显著提高了转运效率，A60-NPs比对照提高了57.14%。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察和流式细胞术实验进一步证实了这一结果，Caco-2细胞对appj -果胶NPs的摄取具有时间依赖性，其中A60-NPs的摄取效率最高。

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引用次数: 0

Physicochemical and biological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/locust bean gum composite films reinforced with nano- or microfibrillated cellulose loaded with essential oil 负载精油的纳米或微纤化纤维素增强羧甲基纤维素/刺槐豆胶复合膜的物理化学和生物学特性

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125000

Kamila Ferreira Chaves , Walter Cesar Celeri Bigui , Jhennifer Capichoni Zampilli , Ana Flávia Batista Silva , Bianca de Oliveira Botelho Vital , Carlos Eduardo de Souza Duarte , Mariana Drummond Costa Ignacchiti , Juliana Alves Resende , Michel Picanço Oliveira , Adilson Vidal Costa , Lucas de Souza Soares , Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz

Recent studies have proposed the incorporation of different reinforcing materials into biopolymer films to improve their properties. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose/locust bean gum composite films reinforced with nanofibrillated (NFC) or microfibrillated (MFC) cellulose loaded with oregano essential oil (OEO) were analyzed in terms of physical properties, microstructure, and molecular interactions, using FTIR, RXD, TGA, and DSC. Reinforced composite films (RCF) presented a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in thickness compared to the control, while RCF loaded with OEO did not modify their WVP (ranging from 91.73 to 120.18 g/m²/day). FTIR spectra indicated intermolecular interactions between NFC or MFC and other film constituents, and a distinct pattern of interactions was observed in RCF loaded with OEO, evidenced by alterations in peaks at 1580 and 1420 cm⁻¹. RCF with NFC or MFC presented similar OEO release behavior. RCF loaded with OEO completely inhibited fungal growth and spore germination of F oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), and no phytotoxic effects were observed when used to coat tomato seeds. These findings highlight the potential of RCF as sustainable seed treatment alternatives due to their ability to stabilize OEO, ensure controlled release, inhibit fungal growth, and prevent phytotoxic effects.

最近的研究已经提出在生物聚合物薄膜中加入不同的增强材料来改善其性能。采用FTIR、RXD、TGA和DSC分析了负载牛至精油（OEO）的纳米纤化（NFC）或微纤化（MFC）纤维素增强羧甲基纤维素/刺槐豆胶复合膜的物理性能、微观结构和分子相互作用。与对照组相比，增强复合膜（RCF）的厚度显著（p≤0.05）增加，而负载OEO的RCF的WVP （91.73 ~ 120.18 g/m2/day）没有改变。FTIR光谱显示了NFC或MFC与其他膜成分之间的分子间相互作用，在负载OEO的RCF中观察到明显的相互作用模式，在1580和1420 cm−1处的峰发生了变化。RCF与NFC或MFC的OEO释放行为相似。负载OEO的RCF能完全抑制番茄尖孢菌（F oxysporum F . sp. lycopersici, Fol）的真菌生长和孢子萌发，对番茄种子无植物毒性作用。这些发现突出了RCF作为可持续种子处理替代品的潜力，因为它们能够稳定OEO，确保控制释放，抑制真菌生长，并防止植物毒性作用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the esterification efficiency and functional properties of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch via aqueous-ethanol extrusion pretreatment 水-乙醇挤压预处理提高辛烯基丁二酸酐改性淀粉的酯化效率和功能性能

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124985

Xirong Xue , Xing Zhou , Zhenye Sun , Farman Ali , Yue Meng , Ren Wang , Zhengyu Jin

This study first reports that aqueous-ethanol extrusion pretreatment efficiently converts native tapioca starch into V-type starch, greatly enhancing its reactivity for octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification. Optimized modification of this pretreated starch with only 2% OSA yielded a product (E-OSAS) whose substitution degree and reaction efficiency exceeded those of native starch modified with 3% OSA. E-OSAS exhibited significantly improved hydrophobicity, emulsification capacity, and emulsion stability, forming emulsions with smaller, more homogeneous droplets. These functional characteristics are supported by comprehensive characterization: structural analyses (XRD/NMR) confirmed V-complex formation and successful attachment of OSA groups; DSC indicated complete gelatinization; and other analyses revealed that E-OSAS had larger particle size distribution and displayed characteristic shear-thinning rheology with reduced gel strength. Conclusively, ethanolic extrusion activation significantly enhanced esterification efficiency of starch, offering an efficient and industrially promising ethanol-assisted route for high-RE starch esterification.

本研究首次报道了水-乙醇挤压预处理能有效地将天然木薯淀粉转化为v型淀粉，大大提高了其对辛烯基琥珀酸酐（OSA）酯化反应的活性。用2% OSA对该预处理淀粉进行优化改性，得到的产物E-OSAS取代度和反应效率均超过用3% OSA改性的天然淀粉。E-OSAS具有明显的疏水性、乳化能力和乳液稳定性，形成的乳液具有更小、更均匀的液滴。这些功能特征得到了综合表征的支持：结构分析（XRD/NMR）证实了v -络合物的形成和OSA基团的成功连接；DSC显示完全糊化；等分析结果表明，E-OSAS具有较大的粒径分布，具有剪切变薄流变特性，且凝胶强度降低。综上所述，乙醇挤压活化显著提高了淀粉的酯化效率，为高re淀粉酯化提供了一条高效且具有工业前景的乙醇辅助途径。

{"title":"Enhancing the esterification efficiency and functional properties of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch via aqueous-ethanol extrusion pretreatment","authors":"Xirong Xue , Xing Zhou , Zhenye Sun , Farman Ali , Yue Meng , Ren Wang , Zhengyu Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study first reports that aqueous-ethanol extrusion pretreatment efficiently converts native tapioca starch into V-type starch, greatly enhancing its reactivity for octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification. Optimized modification of this pretreated starch with only 2% OSA yielded a product (E-OSAS) whose substitution degree and reaction efficiency exceeded those of native starch modified with 3% OSA. E-OSAS exhibited significantly improved hydrophobicity, emulsification capacity, and emulsion stability, forming emulsions with smaller, more homogeneous droplets. These functional characteristics are supported by comprehensive characterization: structural analyses (XRD/NMR) confirmed V-complex formation and successful attachment of OSA groups; DSC indicated complete gelatinization; and other analyses revealed that E-OSAS had larger particle size distribution and displayed characteristic shear-thinning rheology with reduced gel strength. Conclusively, ethanolic extrusion activation significantly enhanced esterification efficiency of starch, offering an efficient and industrially promising ethanol-assisted route for high-RE starch esterification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124985"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep eutectic hydrogel with polyphenol metal coordination and size reduced cellulose for high performance strain sensing 深共晶水凝胶与多酚金属配位和尺寸减小纤维素高性能应变传感

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124998

Kunpeng Qian , Yu Sun , Wenya Ma , Xuliang Wang , Huanhuan Liu , Yijie Li , Li Li

Deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based hydrogels are environmentally friendly and structurally tunable, yet their applications are often limited by poor conductivity, weak resilience and rigidity. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel (DC-TAZn) was developed by reinforcing a choline chloride-polyacrylic acid (ChCl-PAA) matrix with size-reduced cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and dynamic tannic acid-Zn²⁺ coordination. The hydrogel exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.34 S/m), excellent stretchability (up to 807%), remarkable resilience (>99.89%), and a reliable gauge factor (1.99) for strain sensing. Additionally, DC-TAZn hydrogel shows strong adhesion, self-healing ability and antibacterial activity, while maintaining functionality under extreme conditions. This multi-synergistic hydrogel provides a sustainable strategy for designing next-generation smart hydrogels with integrated mechanical, conductive, and sensing functionalities, advancing applications in wearable electronics and intelligent human-machine interfaces.

深度共晶溶剂（DES）为基础的水凝胶具有环保和结构可调的特点，但其应用往往受到导电性差、回弹性弱和刚性差的限制。本文通过还原纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）和动态单宁酸- zn2 +配位增强氯化胆碱-聚丙烯酸（ChCl-PAA）基质，制备了一种多功能水凝胶（DC-TAZn）。该水凝胶具有高离子电导率（0.34 S/m）、优异的拉伸性（高达807%）、卓越的回弹性（>99.89%）和可靠的应变传感测量因子（1.99）。此外，DC-TAZn水凝胶具有很强的粘附力、自愈能力和抗菌活性，在极端条件下也能保持功能。这种多协同水凝胶为设计具有综合机械、导电和传感功能的下一代智能水凝胶提供了可持续的策略，推动了可穿戴电子产品和智能人机界面的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate-chitosan liposome gel beads via electrostatic complexation: A dual-network platform for co-delivery of folic acid and vitamin E 海藻酸钠-壳聚糖脂质体凝胶珠的静电络合合成及表征：叶酸和维生素E的双网络平台

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125004

Xiangyun Tan , Wenhao Yang , Chunjie Liu , Lijia Li , Fei Teng

We herein developed sodium alginate (SA)-chitosan (CS) dual-network liposome gel beads (S-C-L) using electrostatic complexation to co-deliver of folic acid (FA) and vitamin E (VE). The effects of varying SA-to-CS mass ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 1:1, 4:6, and 3:7) on beads' microstructure, physicochemical traits, and encapsulation performance were systematically assessed. The findings indicated that even minimal CS incorporation markedly improved the mechanical strength, stability and overall functionality of the liposome gel beads compared with those made solely from SA (S-L). At a 9:1 SA-to-CS ratio, the beads displayed uniform, spherical shapes with compact crosslinked networks and achieved the highest encapsulation efficiencies (FA: 87.92%; VE: 92.94%). In addition, the SA-CS dual-network system allowed controlled lipid digestion and reversible structural transitions, supporting efficient intestinal release of both nutrients (FA: 86.57%; VE: 84.07%). Overall, this work offers a promising framework for designing carbohydrate-based dual-network liposome gels for the simultaneous delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components.

本文利用静电络合技术研制了海藻酸钠(SA)-壳聚糖（CS）双网络脂质体凝胶珠（S-C-L），用于叶酸（FA）和维生素E （VE）的共递送。系统评价了不同sa / cs质量比（9:1、8:2、7:3、6:4、1:1、4:6和3:7）对微球微观结构、理化特性和包封性能的影响。研究结果表明，与仅由SA （S-L）制成的脂质体凝胶珠相比，即使是最小的CS掺入也显著提高了脂质体凝胶珠的机械强度、稳定性和整体功能。当sa / cs比为9:1时，微球呈现均匀的球形，交联网络紧凑，封装效率最高（FA: 87.92%; VE: 92.94%）。此外，SA-CS双网络系统可控制脂质消化和可逆结构转变，支持两种营养物质在肠道内的有效释放（FA: 86.57%; VE: 84.07%）。总的来说，这项工作为设计基于碳水化合物的双网络脂质体凝胶提供了一个有希望的框架，用于同时递送亲水性和亲脂性生物活性成分。

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引用次数: 0

Water-mediated ternary acid solvent system for fabricating surface-selective esterified and light-colored lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils 制备表面选择性酯化和浅色含木质素纤维素纳米原纤维的水介导三元酸溶剂体系

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124997

Xin Zhou, Songnan Hu, Yuhan Wang, Haisong Qi, Junli Ren, Fengxia Yue

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) offer distinct functional advantages for specific applications without requiring complete lignin removal, which alleviates both processing and economic constraints. However, the facile production of light-colored, high-performance LCNF remains challenging due to uncontrollable lignin-induced dark coloration, which substantially limits its applications in high-value domains. This study reports the production of surface esterified and light-colored LCNF using a ternary solvent system comprising lactic acid, l-cysteine, and water. The proposed approach effectively removes chromophoric lignin components while concurrently inducing cellulose surface esterification, improving fiber brightness without compromising thermal stability. Incorporating water into the solvent system reduces viscosity, improving process sustainability and promoting regioselective surface modification that predominantly targets the C6-OH. Subsequent mild mechanical fibrillation yielded LCNF with high stability (−33.7 mV) and fine diameter (4.0 ± 1.5 nm). A comprehensive analysis of the resulting nanofilms confirmed that surface esterification significantly enhances the mechanical properties, transparency, and water resistance of LCNF. The resulting films exhibit outstanding UV-blocking capabilities (∼99%, UPF > 40), tunable wettability (54.3–72.2°), and superior mechanical strength (115.1 MPa). This acidic ternary solvent system presents a promising approach for fabricating surface-esterified high-performance cellulose nanofibrils, thereby facilitating the high-value utilization of LCNF in food packaging, cosmetics, and medical dressings.

含木质素纳米纤维素（LCNF）在特定应用中具有独特的功能优势，无需完全去除木质素，从而减轻了加工和经济限制。然而，由于不可控的木质素诱导的深色，易于生产浅色高性能LCNF仍然具有挑战性，这大大限制了其在高价值领域的应用。本研究报告了使用由乳酸、l-半胱氨酸和水组成的三元溶剂体系生产表面酯化和浅色LCNF的方法。所提出的方法有效地去除显色木质素成分，同时诱导纤维素表面酯化，在不影响热稳定性的情况下提高纤维亮度。将水加入溶剂体系可以降低粘度，提高工艺的可持续性，并促进主要针对C6-OH的区域选择性表面改性。随后的轻度机械颤动产生了高稳定性（- 33.7 mV）和细直径（4.0±1.5 nm）的LCNF。对所得纳米膜的综合分析证实，表面酯化显著提高了LCNF的机械性能、透明度和耐水性。所得薄膜具有出色的紫外线阻挡能力（~ 99%,UPF > 40），可调润湿性（54.3-72.2°）和优异的机械强度（115.1 MPa）。这种酸性三元溶剂体系为制备表面酯化的高性能纤维素纳米原纤维提供了一种很有前途的方法，从而促进了LCNF在食品包装、化妆品和医用敷料中的高价值利用。

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引用次数: 0

Rod-like percolation of conducting polymers via vapor-phase polymerization into cellulose nanofibril hydrogels 导电聚合物通过气相聚合进入纤维素纳米纤维水凝胶的棒状渗透

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124949

Tobias Benselfelt , Noah Al-Shamery , Dace Gao , Pooi See Lee

Conducting polymers are essential for soft bioelectronics, but they are challenging to process into homogeneous, low-solidity hydrogels due to their poor solubility and tendency to agglomerate. Here, we utilize cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels as a percolating template for the vapor-phase assisted polymerization of conducting polymers. Pyrrole efficiently polymerizes within the hydrated CNF network, forming a conformal polypyrrole (PPy) coating that yields conductivities approaching 100 S/m and charge storage of 16 mAh/g (dry) or capacitance of 52 F/g solids at 93 wt% water content. The CNF framework induces rod-like percolation of the PPy phase, producing unusually low percolation thresholds and non-universal transport exponents. Long-aspect-ratio fibrils further enhance conductivity by increasing the number of effective junctions, and PPy stiffens the hydrogels (0.2–1.5 MPa) by locking these junctions. Glycerol could be used as the liquid phase to prevent evaporation and these gels remained conductive and dimensionally stable in air. Comparison with liquid-phase polymerization highlights that vapor delivery minimizes skin formation and enables more uniform bulk coverage. Finally, we demonstrate 2D/3D patterning and conductive filament fabrication, underscoring vapor-phase polymerization as a versatile route for soft conducting materials, electrodes, and patterned hydrogel devices.

导电聚合物对于软性生物电子学是必不可少的，但由于它们的溶解度差且易于团聚，因此将其加工成均匀、低固体度的水凝胶具有挑战性。在这里，我们利用纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）水凝胶作为气相辅助聚合导电聚合物的渗透模板。吡咯在水合CNF网络中有效聚合，形成保形聚吡咯（PPy）涂层，其电导率接近100 S/m，电荷存储为16 mAh/g（干），在93%含水量下的固体电容为52 F/g。CNF框架诱导PPy相的棒状渗透，产生异常低的渗透阈值和非普遍的输运指数。长纵横比原纤维通过增加有效连接的数量进一步提高了导电性，而PPy通过锁定这些连接使水凝胶变硬（0.2-1.5 MPa）。甘油可以用作液相以防止蒸发，这些凝胶在空气中保持导电性和尺寸稳定性。与液相聚合的比较强调，蒸汽输送最大限度地减少了皮肤的形成，使更均匀的体积覆盖。最后，我们展示了2D/3D图图化和导电丝的制造，强调了气相聚合作为软导电材料、电极和图图化水凝胶器件的通用途径。

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引用次数: 0

3D printability of engineered high internal phase Pickering emulsions for lipophilic bioactive delivery: rheology, stability and retention of β-carotene in zein-guar gum based colloidal networks 用于亲脂生物活性递送的工程高内相皮克林乳剂的3D可打印性：玉米瓜尔胶胶体网络中β-胡萝卜素的流变性、稳定性和保留性

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124968

Parham Joolaei Ahranjani , Kamine Dehghan , Giovanna Ferrentino

This work introduces a zein-guar gum (ZNP-GG) food-grade stabilizing system for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) designed for lipophilic bioactive encapsulation and 3D printing. Zein nanoparticles exhibited strong positive surface charge (+41.7 ± 2.8 mV), progressively neutralized through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association with guar gum, forming stable, non-covalent complexes with nearly neutral ζ-potential. Compared to emulsions stabilized solely by ZNPs, ZNP-GG complexes retained comparable emulsifying activity (≈16–17 m²/g) but showed markedly higher emulsifying stability due to steric and viscoelastic reinforcement from GG. HIPPEs (defined by an internal oil volume fraction (ϕ_int) > 0.74) fabricated using these complexes showed physical stability (TSI = 2.31) after 14 days of storage at ambient temperature and fine droplet size (∼17 μm), forming highly elastic, shear-thinning, and partially thixotropic networks suited for extrusion printing. Increasing GG concentration from 0.3% to 0.7% (w/v) enhanced structural rigidity, with hardness (110.8 g) and gumminess (86.4 g) rising significantly. The emulsions demonstrated environmental resistance to temperature (20–80 °C), ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl), pH (2.00–10.00), and three freeze–thaw cycles. To demonstrate encapsulation potential, β-carotene was used as a model lipophilic compound, achieving 94–98% efficiency and 85% and 68% retention after 14 days at 5 °C and 20 °C, respectively. All formulations achieved printing accuracies above 97%, maintaining geometry for over 24 h. This study establishes ZNP-GG HIPPEs as a clean-label, 3D-printable biocolloidal platform bridging interfacial engineering and digital food design for advanced nutraceutical delivery.

本研究介绍了一种玉米瓜尔胶（ZNP-GG）食品级稳定系统，用于高内相皮克林乳剂（hips）的亲脂性生物活性封装和3D打印。玉米蛋白纳米颗粒表现出很强的表面正电荷（+41.7±2.8 mV），通过与瓜尔胶的氢键和疏水结合逐渐中和，形成稳定的非共价配合物，其ζ电位接近中性。与仅由ZNPs稳定的乳液相比，ZNP-GG配合物保持了相当的乳化活性（≈16-17 m2/g），但由于GG的立体和粘弹性增强，表现出明显更高的乳化稳定性。使用这些配合物制备的hips（由内部油体积分数（ϕint） >； 0.74定义）在室温和细液滴尺寸（~ 17 μm）下储存14天后显示出物理稳定性（TSI = 2.31），形成高弹性，剪切变薄，部分触变网络适合于挤出印刷。GG浓度从0.3%增加到0.7% (w/v)，增强了结构刚度，硬度（110.8 g）和黏度（86.4 g）显著提高。乳液具有温度（20-80°C）、离子强度（0-500 mM NaCl）、pH（2.00-10.00）和三次冻融循环的耐环境性。为了证明包封潜力，β-胡萝卜素被用作模型亲脂化合物，在5°C和20°C条件下，14天后的包封效率分别为94-98%，保留率分别为85%和68%。所有配方的打印精度均达到97%以上，保持几何形状超过24小时。本研究将ZNP-GG hipes建立为清洁标签，3d打印的生物胶体平台，桥接界面工程和数字食品设计，用于高级营养保健输送。

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