Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123627
Dan Qu , Decai Xiong , Peijun Zhang , Hongfei Suo , Junkai Ren , Yan Xu , Jiaolong Liu , Bing Wei
Strong and tailored circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from fluorophores embedded in chiral matrices has gained significant interest in photonic technologies. However, fluorescence quenching due to molecule aggregation occurs in the solid state at high fluorophore loading. Here, we present a simple polymer induced fluorescence enhancement strategy to fabricate robust luminescent films composed of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). The type, molecule weight, and concentration of the polymer are found to play critical roles in modulating film fluorescence. The results demonstrate that polymer effectively migrates fluorescence quenching by shielding interactions between Rh6G molecules and CNC-Rh6G, leading to a remarkable enhancement of up to 47 times. The left-handed chiral nematic structure of CNCs can transform the Rh6G emission into controllable left or right-handed CPL. By adjusting the polyethylene glycol concentration and photonic band gap of composite films, CPL with tunable handedness, intensity, and wavelength are achieved, yielding a dissymmetric factor ranging from −0.35 to 0.14. This polymer induced fluorescence enhancement and tunable CPL highlight the potential of CNC-based luminescent films for advanced functional materials.
{"title":"Polymer induced fluorescence enhancement effect on luminescent chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal based materials","authors":"Dan Qu , Decai Xiong , Peijun Zhang , Hongfei Suo , Junkai Ren , Yan Xu , Jiaolong Liu , Bing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong and tailored circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from fluorophores embedded in chiral matrices has gained significant interest in photonic technologies. However, fluorescence quenching due to molecule aggregation occurs in the solid state at high fluorophore loading. Here, we present a simple polymer induced fluorescence enhancement strategy to fabricate robust luminescent films composed of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). The type, molecule weight, and concentration of the polymer are found to play critical roles in modulating film fluorescence. The results demonstrate that polymer effectively migrates fluorescence quenching by shielding interactions between Rh6G molecules and CNC-Rh6G, leading to a remarkable enhancement of up to 47 times. The left-handed chiral nematic structure of CNCs can transform the Rh6G emission into controllable left or right-handed CPL. By adjusting the polyethylene glycol concentration and photonic band gap of composite films, CPL with tunable handedness, intensity, and wavelength are achieved, yielding a dissymmetric factor ranging from −0.35 to 0.14. This polymer induced fluorescence enhancement and tunable CPL highlight the potential of CNC-based luminescent films for advanced functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123627"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123623
Yugao Ding , Xinyi Yu , Zhen Zhang , Wang Sun , Jun You , Nisha He , Guofu Zhou
Nanocellulose, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable high-performance material, holds significant promise for diverse applications. However, its widespread commercialization is severely hindered by its high energy-intensive and low-yield production processes. Here, we present a facile method for preparing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) through a self-exfoliation approach using a pseudosolvent. The pseudosolvent selectively disrupted the hydrogen bonds between elementary nanofibers without causing dissolution, enhancing the reactivity of surface hydroxyl groups for subsequent modifications. By incorporating ionizable esterification groups, a rapid and low-energy self-exfoliation of CNFs was achieved. The resulting CNFs exhibited nano-size dimensions, with 440–780 nm lengths and 2.2–4.5 nm thicknesses. The CNF dispersions exhibited pH responsive behavior, enabling a controlled demulsification and facile recovery of Pickering emulsions by varying pH. Furthermore, the CNF nanomembranes displayed vibrant rainbow colors under natural light. Macroscopic membrane demonstrated a high Young's modulus of 3.8 GPa, breaking strength of 95.9 MPa, transmittance over 80 %, and haze over 90 %. Ethanol soaking endowed the films with programmable shape memory and erasable properties, paving the way for advancements in nanocellulose preparation, surface modification, and applications.
{"title":"Self-exfoliation of cellulose nanofibrils via one-pot pseudosolvent swelling/esterification for functional pellicular materials","authors":"Yugao Ding , Xinyi Yu , Zhen Zhang , Wang Sun , Jun You , Nisha He , Guofu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocellulose, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable high-performance material, holds significant promise for diverse applications. However, its widespread commercialization is severely hindered by its high energy-intensive and low-yield production processes. Here, we present a facile method for preparing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) through a self-exfoliation approach using a pseudosolvent. The pseudosolvent selectively disrupted the hydrogen bonds between elementary nanofibers without causing dissolution, enhancing the reactivity of surface hydroxyl groups for subsequent modifications. By incorporating ionizable esterification groups, a rapid and low-energy self-exfoliation of CNFs was achieved. The resulting CNFs exhibited nano-size dimensions, with 440–780 nm lengths and 2.2–4.5 nm thicknesses. The CNF dispersions exhibited pH responsive behavior, enabling a controlled demulsification and facile recovery of Pickering emulsions by varying pH. Furthermore, the CNF nanomembranes displayed vibrant rainbow colors under natural light. Macroscopic membrane demonstrated a high Young's modulus of 3.8 GPa, breaking strength of 95.9 MPa, transmittance over 80 %, and haze over 90 %. Ethanol soaking endowed the films with programmable shape memory and erasable properties, paving the way for advancements in nanocellulose preparation, surface modification, and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123623"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123586
Yuefei Zou , Wanlin Wu , Tian Xia , Jiangqi Zhao , Qunhao Wang , Wei Zhang , Canhui Lu
To keep pace with the fast development of portable and wearable electronics, considerable public and scientific attentions have been paid to the flexible energy storage devices with characteristics of light weight, low cost and high electrochemical performance. In this work, we demonstrate a feasible strategy to fabricate novel strand-shaped electrodes from the biomass of Juncus effusus (JE), which can be easily integrated into flexible and rechargeable Zn-MnO2 batteries with high electrochemical performance. Notably, JE has a very unique three dimensional (3D) triangular-like hollow network microstructure, which greatly favors active material loading, charge transfer and ion diffusion. The obtained aqueous battery presents an excellent specific capacity of 325 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.3 A g−1, as well as stunning cycling stability for up to 4000 cycles with 127.53 % retention of the initial capacity. Remarkably, when assembled with a gel electrolyte, the quasi-solid-state battery can work normally under various extreme conditions, including bending, hammering, burning, soaking and puncturing. In addition, due to the high flexibility, the electrodes can be woven in parallel into a textile to form an energy supply unit and successfully power an electronic watch, demonstrating high potential of JE in the fabrication of flexible energy storage devices.
{"title":"Flexible and weavable secondary Zn-MnO2 batteries derived from cellulose of Juncus effusus","authors":"Yuefei Zou , Wanlin Wu , Tian Xia , Jiangqi Zhao , Qunhao Wang , Wei Zhang , Canhui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To keep pace with the fast development of portable and wearable electronics, considerable public and scientific attentions have been paid to the flexible energy storage devices with characteristics of light weight, low cost and high electrochemical performance. In this work, we demonstrate a feasible strategy to fabricate novel strand-shaped electrodes from the biomass of <em>Juncus effusus</em> (JE), which can be easily integrated into flexible and rechargeable Zn-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries with high electrochemical performance. Notably, JE has a very unique three dimensional (3D) triangular-like hollow network microstructure, which greatly favors active material loading, charge transfer and ion diffusion. The obtained aqueous battery presents an excellent specific capacity of 325 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at the current density of 0.3 A g<sup>−1</sup>, as well as stunning cycling stability for up to 4000 cycles with 127.53 % retention of the initial capacity. Remarkably, when assembled with a gel electrolyte, the quasi-solid-state battery can work normally under various extreme conditions, including bending, hammering, burning, soaking and puncturing. In addition, due to the high flexibility, the electrodes can be woven in parallel into a textile to form an energy supply unit and successfully power an electronic watch, demonstrating high potential of JE in the fabrication of flexible energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 123586"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123622
Guodong Tian , Chao Duan , Baoke Zhao , Kang Yang , Jinyu Guo , Yijian Wen , Bingxu Zhou , Jian Wang , Yonghao Ni
Solar-driven water evaporation technology has become a research hotspot due to its effective utilization of solar energy to purify water resources. However, current water evaporation materials still encounter challenges such as limited evaporation rates, insufficient water/heat management capabilities, and inadequate removal of complex pollutants. This study demonstrates a novel Janus solar evaporator (HZC-CNF) based on the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) aerogel for a synergy of photothermal water evaporation and pollutant degradation. The unique structures of vertically aligned channels and conical roof not only enable the light adsorption and multiple scattering, but also enhance the evaporation area and water transport paths. Meanwhile, the silanization modification of the photothermal layer effectively reduces its heat loss to further enhance the thermal management capability. Moreover, the cellulose-based aerogel with abundant hydrogen-bonding network can lower the water evaporation enthalpy, and the well-dispersed ZIF-67 catalysts among the evaporator matrix deliver the efficient degradation towards various organic pollutants. Results show that HZC-CNF exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion capability (surface temperature 90 °C), a good water evaporation rate of 1.97 kg m−2 h−1, and sound removal efficiencies for various pollutants including ciprofloxacin (>90 %), providing an innovative pathway for sustainable water resource management.
{"title":"Janus structured cellulose-based aerogel with vertical channels and conical roof for efficient solar-driven water evaporation and pollutant degradation","authors":"Guodong Tian , Chao Duan , Baoke Zhao , Kang Yang , Jinyu Guo , Yijian Wen , Bingxu Zhou , Jian Wang , Yonghao Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven water evaporation technology has become a research hotspot due to its effective utilization of solar energy to purify water resources. However, current water evaporation materials still encounter challenges such as limited evaporation rates, insufficient water/heat management capabilities, and inadequate removal of complex pollutants. This study demonstrates a novel Janus solar evaporator (HZC-CNF) based on the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) aerogel for a synergy of photothermal water evaporation and pollutant degradation. The unique structures of vertically aligned channels and conical roof not only enable the light adsorption and multiple scattering, but also enhance the evaporation area and water transport paths. Meanwhile, the silanization modification of the photothermal layer effectively reduces its heat loss to further enhance the thermal management capability. Moreover, the cellulose-based aerogel with abundant hydrogen-bonding network can lower the water evaporation enthalpy, and the well-dispersed ZIF-67 catalysts among the evaporator matrix deliver the efficient degradation towards various organic pollutants. Results show that HZC-CNF exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion capability (surface temperature 90 °C), a good water evaporation rate of 1.97 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, and sound removal efficiencies for various pollutants including ciprofloxacin (>90 %), providing an innovative pathway for sustainable water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123622"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123604
Mahadev Manohar , Amitha Shetty , Cynthia Lizzie Lobo , Praneetha Jain , Srinivas Hebbar , Namdev Dhas , Kishori P. Sutar , Johan Sukeewandhi , Haribalan Perumalsamy , Sri Renukadevi Balusamy , Yahya F. Jamous , Akhilesh Dubey , Sally A. El-Zahaby
Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to its distinctive properties, such as controlled drug release, mucoadhesive capabilities, in situ gelling property, enhancement of permeation, and efflux pump inhibitory effect. In this review, various types of chitosan based colloidal drug delivery systems such as vesicular, and particulate systems were discussed along with their role in pre-clinical biomedical applications. Some important clinical applications of chitosan-based drug delivery systems in treating major chronic diseases were also discussed. Using Chitosan in delivery of drugs and gene therapy had many beneficial outcomes, however, obtaining clinical acceptance and regulatory approval requires a careful approach for proving efficacy and safety. In order to present the current status of chitosan-based drug delivery systems, filled patents employing chitosan derivatives were also part of this review. This will help forward the use of chitosan-based drug delivery system from research to practice. Finally, the future prospects for chitosan-based delivery systems were discussed.
{"title":"Emerging trends in chitosan based colloidal drug delivery systems: A translational journey from research to practice","authors":"Mahadev Manohar , Amitha Shetty , Cynthia Lizzie Lobo , Praneetha Jain , Srinivas Hebbar , Namdev Dhas , Kishori P. Sutar , Johan Sukeewandhi , Haribalan Perumalsamy , Sri Renukadevi Balusamy , Yahya F. Jamous , Akhilesh Dubey , Sally A. El-Zahaby","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to its distinctive properties, such as controlled drug release, mucoadhesive capabilities, in situ gelling property, enhancement of permeation, and efflux pump inhibitory effect. In this review, various types of chitosan based colloidal drug delivery systems such as vesicular, and particulate systems were discussed along with their role in pre-clinical biomedical applications. Some important clinical applications of chitosan-based drug delivery systems in treating major chronic diseases were also discussed. Using Chitosan in delivery of drugs and gene therapy had many beneficial outcomes, however, obtaining clinical acceptance and regulatory approval requires a careful approach for proving efficacy and safety. In order to present the current status of chitosan-based drug delivery systems, filled patents employing chitosan derivatives were also part of this review. This will help forward the use of chitosan-based drug delivery system from research to practice. Finally, the future prospects for chitosan-based delivery systems were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123604"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123620
Yonglin Zhao , Jie Chen , Songshan Shi, Si Xiong, Yongbin Xu, Huan Gong, Baoyu Qiu, Yue Yu, Weihao Chen, Shunchun Wang, Huijun Wang
This study aimed to purify and characterize a polysaccharide from Euphorbia humifusa herb, which was identified for its lipid-lowering potential among 48 plant-derived polysaccharides, and to investigate its structure–activity relationship (SAR) using an oleic acid (OA)-induced L02 cell model. EPS-2B, a pectin with a molecular weight of 67.0 kDa, was isolated from the whole herb of E. humifusa. EPS-2B was comprised of rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 29.73:24.96:13.75:31.56. The structural analysis of EPS-2B revealed rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains. The RG-I backbone consisted of →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with branches of 1,3-Galp, 1,6-Galp, 1,3,6-Galp, T-Araf, 1,5-Araf, and T-Rhap attached to the C-4 of 1,2-α-Rhap. EPS-2B dose-dependently alleviated OA-induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in L02 cells, including reductions in total cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as an increase in superoxide dismutase activity. A high dose of EPS-2B (400 μg/mL) reduced total cholesterol levels by 45.4 % and triglyceride levels by 18.0 %. SAR studies indicated that GalA was the active switch for lowering lipids and that a higher galactose content, an appropriate molecular weight, and arabinose removal favored lipid lowering. This work indicates that EPS-2B holds promise as a lipid-lowering drug.
{"title":"Structural characterization, evaluation of lipid-lowering activity, and the structure-activity relationship of a pectic polysaccharide from the whole herb of Euphorbia humifusa","authors":"Yonglin Zhao , Jie Chen , Songshan Shi, Si Xiong, Yongbin Xu, Huan Gong, Baoyu Qiu, Yue Yu, Weihao Chen, Shunchun Wang, Huijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to purify and characterize a polysaccharide from <em>Euphorbia humifusa</em> herb, which was identified for its lipid-lowering potential among 48 plant-derived polysaccharides, and to investigate its structure–activity relationship (SAR) using an oleic acid (OA)-induced L02 cell model. EPS-2B, a pectin with a molecular weight of 67.0 kDa, was isolated from the whole herb of <em>E. humifusa</em>. EPS-2B was comprised of rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 29.73:24.96:13.75:31.56. The structural analysis of EPS-2B revealed rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains. The RG-I backbone consisted of →4)-α-D-Gal<em>p</em>A-(1→2)-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1→, with branches of 1,3-Gal<em>p</em>, 1,6-Gal<em>p</em>, 1,3,6-Gal<em>p</em>, T-Ara<em>f</em>, 1,5-Ara<em>f</em>, and T-Rha<em>p</em> attached to the <em>C</em>-4 of 1,2-α-Rha<em>p</em>. EPS-2B dose-dependently alleviated OA-induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in L02 cells, including reductions in total cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as an increase in superoxide dismutase activity. A high dose of EPS-2B (400 μg/mL) reduced total cholesterol levels by 45.4 % and triglyceride levels by 18.0 %. SAR studies indicated that GalA was the active switch for lowering lipids and that a higher galactose content, an appropriate molecular weight, and arabinose removal favored lipid lowering. This work indicates that EPS-2B holds promise as a lipid-lowering drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123620"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123613
Nafea Achalhi , Youssef El Ouardi , Ridouan El Yousfi , Sara Moumnassi , Soufian El Barkany , Abdeslam Asehraou , Abderrahman El Idrissi
This study focuses on the synthesis of new materials based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) in a single-step process, adopting an efficient and innovative approach. The structural and physical properties of the synthesized polymers were meticulously characterized using analytical techniques, including FTIR/ATR, 1H, 13C, 135-DEPT, 29Si NMR, elemental analysis, and TGA/DTA. The morphology and amorphous profile of HEC-APTES were examined through SEM-EDX and XRD, respectively. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism and critical reaction conditions governing the interaction between HEC and the organosilane reagent. Various reaction parameters, such as reaction time, silane molar ratio (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 relative to HEC), and the autocatalysis of HEC alkoxides, were systematically investigated. Particularly, the combined influence of the reaction medium and the amount of added APTES on the grafting mechanism and mode was carefully examined. Lastly, an assessment of the solubility, dispersion, contact angle and bioactivity against various types of bacteria and fungi in the HEC-APTES samples was conducted to conclude this study. HEC-APTES demonstrates notable antifungal activity against Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, and Aspergillus niger, with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of >20 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, and 2.5 mg/L, respectively.
{"title":"Single-step synthesis and comprehensive characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane: mechanistic insights and evaluation of antimicrobial properties","authors":"Nafea Achalhi , Youssef El Ouardi , Ridouan El Yousfi , Sara Moumnassi , Soufian El Barkany , Abdeslam Asehraou , Abderrahman El Idrissi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis of new materials based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) in a single-step process, adopting an efficient and innovative approach. The structural and physical properties of the synthesized polymers were meticulously characterized using analytical techniques, including FTIR/ATR, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, 135-DEPT, <sup>29</sup>Si NMR, elemental analysis, and TGA/DTA. The morphology and amorphous profile of HEC-APTES were examined through SEM-EDX and XRD, respectively. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism and critical reaction conditions governing the interaction between HEC and the organosilane reagent. Various reaction parameters, such as reaction time, silane molar ratio (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 relative to HEC), and the autocatalysis of HEC alkoxides, were systematically investigated. Particularly, the combined influence of the reaction medium and the amount of added APTES on the grafting mechanism and mode was carefully examined. Lastly, an assessment of the solubility, dispersion, contact angle and bioactivity against various types of bacteria and fungi in the HEC-APTES samples was conducted to conclude this study. HEC-APTES demonstrates notable antifungal activity against <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em>, <em>Geotrichum candidum</em>, and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of >20 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, and 2.5 mg/L, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123613"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123611
Jia-Qi Lang, Qi Liu, Ming-Guo Ma
With the advancement of intelligent materials and technology, cellulose offers notable advantages, such as high mechanical strength, good degradability, and high sensor sensitivity, making it one of the most promising stimulus-responsive materials. Stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites have garnered significant attention due to their unique benefits in environmental adaptability, functionality, and sustainability. The aim of this review is to highlight the preparation methods, stimulus-responsive types, and promising applications of cellulose-based composites. We reviewed the preparation methods of stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites including cellulose/MXene composites, cellulose/GO composites, cellulose/carbon nanotube composites, cellulose/inorganic nano-functional composites. Moreover, we also discussed the stimulus-responsive types (such as light stimulation, electrical stimulation, humidity stimulation, magnetic stimulation, dual/multiple stimulation) and potential applications (such as wearable devices, smart fabric, energy field, biomedical field). This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current research status of stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites, with the intention of offering valuable insights and references for researchers in related fields.
{"title":"Advanced development of smart stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites through polymer science and nanoscale engineering: Preparation approaches and applications","authors":"Jia-Qi Lang, Qi Liu, Ming-Guo Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of intelligent materials and technology, cellulose offers notable advantages, such as high mechanical strength, good degradability, and high sensor sensitivity, making it one of the most promising stimulus-responsive materials. Stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites have garnered significant attention due to their unique benefits in environmental adaptability, functionality, and sustainability. The aim of this review is to highlight the preparation methods, stimulus-responsive types, and promising applications of cellulose-based composites. We reviewed the preparation methods of stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites including cellulose/MXene composites, cellulose/GO composites, cellulose/carbon nanotube composites, cellulose/inorganic nano-functional composites. Moreover, we also discussed the stimulus-responsive types (such as light stimulation, electrical stimulation, humidity stimulation, magnetic stimulation, dual/multiple stimulation) and potential applications (such as wearable devices, smart fabric, energy field, biomedical field). This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current research status of stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites, with the intention of offering valuable insights and references for researchers in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123611"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123612
Hojung Kwak , Hyuni Jung , Seul-A Park , Sung Bae Park , Giyoung Shin , Sejin Choi , Hyo Jeong Kim , Hyeonyeol Jeon
Biodegradable cellulose-based materials promise an alternative to conventional plastics, yet combining high performance with environmental sustainability is challenging. Here, we introduce cellulose nanofiber (CNF) films esterified with short-chain fatty acids, systematically optimizing chain length to boost barrier properties while retaining biodegradability. Esterification increased tensile strength by ~30 MPa through hydrophobic interactions, reduced the water vapor transmission rate over 200-fold, and decreased the oxygen transmission rate nearly six-fold compared to petroleum-based materials. Furthermore, the films were optimized for spray coating, enabling uniform deposition and scalability. Notably, they fully decomposed within 16 weeks under composting conditions. We hypothesize that the degree of esterification and fatty acid chain length govern the balance between barrier performance and biodegradability, as validated through structural, mechanical, and barrier analyses. These findings demonstrate a rational design strategy for functionalized CNFs, advancing high-performance, biodegradable materials for next-generation sustainable applications, including food packaging.
{"title":"Balancing performance and eco-friendliness: Esterified cellulose nanofiber films for next-generation food Packaging","authors":"Hojung Kwak , Hyuni Jung , Seul-A Park , Sung Bae Park , Giyoung Shin , Sejin Choi , Hyo Jeong Kim , Hyeonyeol Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable cellulose-based materials promise an alternative to conventional plastics, yet combining high performance with environmental sustainability is challenging. Here, we introduce cellulose nanofiber (CNF) films esterified with short-chain fatty acids, systematically optimizing chain length to boost barrier properties while retaining biodegradability. Esterification increased tensile strength by ~30 MPa through hydrophobic interactions, reduced the water vapor transmission rate over 200-fold, and decreased the oxygen transmission rate nearly six-fold compared to petroleum-based materials. Furthermore, the films were optimized for spray coating, enabling uniform deposition and scalability. Notably, they fully decomposed within 16 weeks under composting conditions. We hypothesize that the degree of esterification and fatty acid chain length govern the balance between barrier performance and biodegradability, as validated through structural, mechanical, and barrier analyses. These findings demonstrate a rational design strategy for functionalized CNFs, advancing high-performance, biodegradable materials for next-generation sustainable applications, including food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123612"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123617
Xuejing Yu , Runzhu Gong , Meiyan Wu , Yufa Gao , Qian Li , Fang Zhang , Mehdi Rahmaninia , Bin Li , Yanjun Tang
Selective fractionation/dissolution of hemicellulose with no or less degradation from biomass resources is a prerequisite for its high-value material utilization. Yet, the impact of anti-solvents on the properties of regenerated/precipitated hemicellulose after dissolution is still unclear. Herein, lithium bromide (LiBr) hydrate as a green solvent was used for fractionating hemicellulose from bleached bamboo pulp (BBP). Subsequently, the effect of anti-solvents (i.e., water, ethanol and acetone) on the characteristics of regenerated hemicellulose was comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the maximum removal rate of hemicellulose was 84.4 %, and the corresponding yield of pure hemicellulose precipitated by acetone was up to 84.0 %, which was influenced by the polarity of anti-solvent. Structural characterizations revealed that resultant hemicelluloses with degree of polymerization of 184–290 were arabinoxylan, and the molecular structure of the regenerated hemicellulose did not change significantly after fractionation and regeneration. However, importantly, it was found that the hemicellulose regenerated with different anti-solvents exhibited distinct multiscale morphology and nanostructures, which was attributed to the different reconstruction of hydrogen bonding and different extent of recrystallization among hemicellulose chains during regeneration with distinct anti-solvents. The obtained results could provide a theoretical basis for further modification, processing, and more advanced applications of hemicellulose.
{"title":"Impact of anti-solvents on the characteristics of hemicellulose fractionated from bleached bamboo pulp using lithium bromide hydrates","authors":"Xuejing Yu , Runzhu Gong , Meiyan Wu , Yufa Gao , Qian Li , Fang Zhang , Mehdi Rahmaninia , Bin Li , Yanjun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective fractionation/dissolution of hemicellulose with no or less degradation from biomass resources is a prerequisite for its high-value material utilization. Yet, the impact of anti-solvents on the properties of regenerated/precipitated hemicellulose after dissolution is still unclear. Herein, lithium bromide (LiBr) hydrate as a green solvent was used for fractionating hemicellulose from bleached bamboo pulp (BBP). Subsequently, the effect of anti-solvents (i.e., water, ethanol and acetone) on the characteristics of regenerated hemicellulose was comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the maximum removal rate of hemicellulose was 84.4 %, and the corresponding yield of pure hemicellulose precipitated by acetone was up to 84.0 %, which was influenced by the polarity of anti-solvent. Structural characterizations revealed that resultant hemicelluloses with degree of polymerization of 184–290 were arabinoxylan, and the molecular structure of the regenerated hemicellulose did not change significantly after fractionation and regeneration. However, importantly, it was found that the hemicellulose regenerated with different anti-solvents exhibited distinct multiscale morphology and nanostructures, which was attributed to the different reconstruction of hydrogen bonding and different extent of recrystallization among hemicellulose chains during regeneration with distinct anti-solvents. The obtained results could provide a theoretical basis for further modification, processing, and more advanced applications of hemicellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 123617"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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