Carbohydrate Polymers最新文献_第6页

Recent advances in freeze-thaw starch: Mechanisms, property changes, influencing factors and modification strategies 冻融淀粉的研究进展：机理、性能变化、影响因素及改性策略

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124755

Yijun Liu , Caiyun Liu , Mengmeng Cao , Chen Zhu , Xin Wang , Nabil Grimi

Starch is a key ingredient in food systems; however, repeated freeze-thaw (FT) cycles reduce the quality of frozen starch-based products. This review summarizes recent advances in strategies to enhance the FT stability. The mechanisms underlying FT-induced damage, including mechanical stress from ice crystal growth in a homogeneous gel during freezing and starch molecule rearrangement during thawing, are discussed. Methods for assessing FT stability and changes in post-FT physicochemical properties (water-holding capacity, thermal property, rheological property, and digestibility) are described. In addition, intrinsic (botanical source, structure, porosity, and charge), extrinsic (freezing rate, FT cycles, and pH), and other influencing factors are analyzed. Targeted modification strategies have been developed to mitigate FT-induced damage. Chemical approaches introduce functional groups or spatial networks, enhancing water binding and inhibiting recrystallization. Physical approaches disrupt crystalline structures and promote short-range molecular rearrangement, reducing freezable water. Enzymatic methods generate densely branched structures, limiting ice crystal formation. Emerging combined modifications synergistically improve modification efficiency. Modified starch with enhanced FT resilience can be used in frozen dough, reduced-oil fried foods, emulsion stabilization, and 3D-printed foods. Future studies should prioritize eco-friendly physical/enzymatic methods aligned with clean-label trends and elucidate structure-function relationships across diverse starch types to advance high-quality frozen food design.

淀粉是食物系统的关键成分；然而，反复冻融循环会降低冷冻淀粉基产品的质量。本文综述了近年来在提高金融时报稳定性方面的研究进展。本文讨论了ft诱导损伤的机制，包括冻结过程中均匀凝胶中冰晶生长的机械应力和解冻过程中淀粉分子重排。描述了评估FT稳定性和FT后物理化学性质（保水能力、热性质、流变性质和可消化性）变化的方法。此外，还分析了内在（植物来源、结构、孔隙度和电荷）、外在（冻结速率、FT循环和pH）和其他影响因素。有针对性的修改策略已经被开发出来，以减轻ft引起的损害。化学方法引入官能团或空间网络，增强水结合并抑制再结晶。物理方法破坏晶体结构，促进短程分子重排，减少可冻水。酶的方法产生密集的分支结构，限制冰晶的形成。新兴的组合改性协同提高了改性效率。具有增强FT弹性的变性淀粉可用于冷冻面团，减油油炸食品，乳液稳定和3d打印食品。未来的研究应优先考虑符合清洁标签趋势的环保物理/酶方法，并阐明不同淀粉类型之间的结构功能关系，以推进高质量冷冻食品的设计。

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引用次数: 0

The O-acetylation on phage tail-spike protein digested penta-saccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii SK44 plays a critical role in triggering pro-inflammatory immune response 鲍曼不动杆菌SK44消化五糖的噬菌体尾刺蛋白上的o-乙酰化在引发促炎免疫反应中起关键作用

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124725

Tzu-Yin Huang , Yen-Ju Yang , Boh-Woon Tay , Chun-Ting Lin , Shih-Hsiung Wu , I-Ming Lee

Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide health-threaten pathogen bacteria due to antibiotic resistant and the bacterial exopolysaccharide is an attractive to develop therapeutic alternative. A. baumannii strain SK44 (Ab-SK44) is a minor antibiotic resistant clinical isolate and its exopolysaccharide (EPS) can be digested by phage tail-spike protein (TSP) into a penta-saccharide-repeat unit, which is comprised of trisaccharide {→3)Gal(β1 → 6)Glc(β1 → 3)GalNAc(α1→} as main chain with two branched GlcNAc3NAcA4OAc and GlcNAc attached to Gal. Notably, TSP digested penta-saccharide could stimulate murine macrophage Raw264.7 cells to release interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), similar to the effect observed with Ab-SK44 EPS. Knocked-down the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on Raw264.7 diminished cytokine release, indicating that TLR4 is a critical receptor of Ab-SK44 EPS/TSP-digested penta-saccharide. O-acetyl group on TSP-digested penta-saccharide probably interacts with F126 in TLR4/Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD2) complex to form π-π stacking with Y131, which activate immune response. Here, we explored the mechanism of bacterial oligosaccharide-immune stimulation and shed the light on the vaccination or immune based therapy against pathogenic bacteria infection.

鲍曼不动杆菌是一种具有抗生素耐药性的世界性致病菌，其胞外多糖是一种有吸引力的治疗方法。鲍曼假单胞菌SK44 （Ab-SK44）是一种小型耐药临床分离株，其胞外多糖（EPS）可被噬菌体尾刺蛋白（TSP）消化成一个五糖重复单元，该单元由三糖{→3)Gal(β1→6)Glc(β1→3)GalNAc(α1→}为主链组成，Gal上附着两个支链GlcNAc3NAcA4OAc和GlcNAc。TSP消化的五糖能刺激小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7细胞释放白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)，其作用与Ab-SK44 EPS相似。敲低Raw264.7上toll样受体4 (TLR4)，减少细胞因子释放，表明TLR4是Ab-SK44 EPS/ tsp消化的五糖的关键受体。tsp消化的五糖上的o -乙酰基可能与TLR4/髓样分化因子-2 （MD2）复合体中的F126相互作用，与Y131形成π-π堆叠，从而激活免疫应答。本研究探讨了细菌寡糖免疫刺激的机制，为病原菌感染的疫苗接种或免疫治疗提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Pulsed electric field-driven electrokinetic removal of starch granule-channel proteins for enhanced starch modification 脉冲电场驱动的淀粉颗粒通道蛋白的电动去除

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124744

Xindong Xu , Yongxin Teng , Kaiyang Shi , Xin-An Zeng , Zhong Han , Ji Ma , Wen Chen

Efficient, eco-friendly removal of starch granule-channel proteins (SGCP) to enhance modifier penetration has been challenging. Current methods using chemical/biological reagents (denaturants, alkalis, proteases) suffer from toxicity, long processing times, and non-reusability. Inspired by capillary electrophoresis for protein separation, this study successfully removed SGCP from maize starch within 30 min using an 8 kV/cm pulsed electric field (PEF). This method only requires direct treatment of starch aqueous suspension to remove SGCP, and it achieved 29.9 % protein removal efficiency (primarily SGCP, along with minor amounts of intrinsic and storage proteins), comparable to the protease method but significantly faster. The mechanism of PEF-induced SGCP migration was explained using an electrokinetic migration velocity model based on Debye-Hückel-Henry theory. Using oxidized starch as a case study, we demonstrated that SGCP removal improved modification by increasing starch channel pore volume and accessibility. This work introduces an efficient, green SGCP removal technique and provides new insights into how PEF enhances starch modification, offering significant implications for improving modified starch quality and meeting sustainability criteria.

高效、环保地去除淀粉颗粒通道蛋白（SGCP）以增强改性剂的渗透一直是一个挑战。目前使用化学/生物试剂（变性剂、碱、蛋白酶）的方法存在毒性、处理时间长、不可重复使用等问题。受毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的启发，本研究利用8 kV/cm脉冲电场（PEF）在30 min内成功地从玉米淀粉中去除SGCP。该方法只需要直接处理淀粉水悬浮液来去除SGCP，其蛋白质去除效率达到29.9%（主要是SGCP，以及少量的内在和储存蛋白质），与蛋白酶法相当，但明显更快。采用基于debye - h kkel - henry理论的电动力学迁移速度模型解释了pef诱导SGCP迁移的机理。以氧化淀粉为例，我们证明了SGCP的去除通过增加淀粉通道孔隙体积和可及性来改善改性。这项工作介绍了一种高效、绿色的SGCP去除技术，并为PEF如何增强淀粉改性提供了新的见解，为提高改性淀粉的质量和满足可持续性标准提供了重要的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic boronate ester crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel patch enabling fast dissolution and rapid oral mucosal delivery of amorphous sumatriptan 动态硼酸酯交联透明质酸水凝胶贴片，使快速溶解和快速口腔粘膜递送无定形舒马匹坦

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124751

Zhuohao Gu , Jiafeng Wang , Xinglei Shi , Yin Zhou , Yanming Chen , Yiyan He , Lihuang Wu , Yuwen Cui , Zhongwei Gu

Developing mucoadhesive and fast-dissolving drug delivery systems for oral mucosal applications remains a clinical challenge. Here, we report a pH-responsive phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) hydrogel film for efficient transmucosal delivery of Sumatriptan (Sum). The HA-PBA was synthesized via a one-step EDC/NHS-mediated amidation, with successful structural confirmation through ¹H NMR, FT-IR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The resulting hydrogel exhibited pH-dependent self-crosslinking via dynamic boronate ester bonds. Optimized films demonstrated excellent mucoadhesion under wet conditions and tunable mechanical strength. Drug-loaded films (BHA-SP) achieved homogeneous amorphous drug dispersion, confirmed by DSC, XRD, and SEM analyses. In simulated saliva, the films disintegrated within 5 s and released >80 % of the payload within 150 s. Ex vivo studies using porcine buccal mucosa revealed sustained, near zero-order permeation kinetics, while in vivo sublingual administration in rabbits achieved rapid absorption (C_max 95.66 ng/mL at 30 min) and enhanced bioavailability compared to oral delivery. Cytocompatibility and in vivo oral ulcer healing evaluations demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. This work presents a promising platform for rapid, effective, and patient-friendly oral mucosal drug delivery.

开发用于口腔粘膜应用的黏附和快速溶解给药系统仍然是一个临床挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种ph响应苯硼酸修饰的透明质酸（HA-PBA）水凝胶膜，用于舒马曲坦（Sum）的有效经黏膜递送。通过一步EDC/ nhs介导的酰胺化反应合成了HA-PBA，并通过1H NMR， FT-IR和UV-vis光谱成功证实了其结构。所得水凝胶通过动态硼酸酯键表现出ph依赖的自交联。优化后的膜在潮湿条件下具有良好的黏附性和可调的机械强度。通过DSC、XRD和SEM分析证实，载药膜（BHA-SP）实现了均匀的非晶药物分散。在模拟唾液中，薄膜在5秒内分解，并在150秒内释放80%的有效载荷。在猪口腔粘膜的体外研究显示了持续的、接近零级的渗透动力学，而在兔体内舌下给药实现了快速吸收（30分钟Cmax为95.66 ng/mL），与口服给药相比，生物利用度更高。细胞相容性和体内口腔溃疡愈合评价显示良好的生物相容性和治疗效果。这项工作为快速、有效和患者友好的口腔粘膜给药提供了一个有希望的平台。

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引用次数: 0

Gellan gum electrohydrodynamic microencapsulation of probiotics for intestine-targeted delivery 结冷胶电流体动力微胶囊益生菌肠道靶向递送

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124742

Lorenzo Zavagna , Alberto Alfano , Marta Bianchi , Celeste Di Meo , Alessandra Fusco , Semih Esin , Giovanna Batoni , Giovanna Donnarumma , Chiara Schiraldi , Serena Danti

Microencapsulation is a promising strategy to improve time-stability, viability and targeted delivery of probiotics, thus enhancing their beneficial roles in the intestine. However, areas of improvement persist, including optimal viability protection during storage and gastrointestinal (GI) transit, control over encapsulation and targeted release. Due to pH-responsiveness, gellan gum (GG) could be ideal to face some of these criticalities.

In this study, we set-up a robust electrohydrodynamic (EHD) microdripping process to produce GG microparticles (GGMs) encapsulating Limolactobacillus fermentum. By varying GG concentration, flow rate and applied voltage, the optimized EHD parameters led to highly monodisperse microbeads with controlled morphology. Successful encapsulation of L. fermentum in GGMs was obtained at concentrations of 10⁶ CFU/mL and 10⁹ CFU/mL, leading to 300 ± 40 μm and 450 ± 100 μm particle sizes, with encapsulation efficiency of 94 ± 6 % and 99 ± 1 %, respectively. GGMs demonstrated post-encapsulation probiotic viability with lactic acid production. Freeze-dried formulations were lasting under storage until 3 months and resulted stable under GI-simulated conditions. Their bioactive properties were demonstrated by antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and enhanced defensin expression in Caco-2 intestinal cells. Overall, EHD microdripping was a versatile and robust platform useful in functional foods and gut microbiome engineering.

微胶囊化是一种很有前途的策略，可以提高益生菌的时间稳定性、活力和靶向递送，从而增强它们在肠道中的有益作用。然而，改进的领域仍然存在，包括储存和胃肠道（GI）运输过程中的最佳活力保护，对封装和靶向释放的控制。由于对ph值的响应性，结冷胶（GG）可能是解决这些问题的理想选择。在这项研究中，我们建立了一个强大的电流体动力学（EHD）微滴工艺来生产包裹发酵乳酸杆菌的GG微颗粒（GGMs）。通过改变GG浓度、流速和施加电压，优化的EHD参数可获得形貌可控、高度单分散的微珠。在106 CFU/mL和109 CFU/mL的浓度下，发酵乳杆菌在GGMs中包封成功，包封率分别为94±6%和99±1%，包封粒径分别为300±40 μm和450±100 μm。GGMs在乳酸生成过程中显示出包封后益生菌活力。冻干制剂可保存3个月，并在gi模拟条件下保持稳定。通过对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用和增强Caco-2肠细胞中防御素的表达，证实了其生物活性。总的来说，EHD微滴是一个多功能和强大的平台，可用于功能食品和肠道微生物组工程。

{"title":"Gellan gum electrohydrodynamic microencapsulation of probiotics for intestine-targeted delivery","authors":"Lorenzo Zavagna , Alberto Alfano , Marta Bianchi , Celeste Di Meo , Alessandra Fusco , Semih Esin , Giovanna Batoni , Giovanna Donnarumma , Chiara Schiraldi , Serena Danti","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microencapsulation is a promising strategy to improve time-stability, viability and targeted delivery of probiotics, thus enhancing their beneficial roles in the intestine. However, areas of improvement persist, including optimal viability protection during storage and gastrointestinal (GI) transit, control over encapsulation and targeted release. Due to pH-responsiveness, gellan gum (GG) could be ideal to face some of these criticalities.</div><div>In this study, we set-up a robust electrohydrodynamic (EHD) microdripping process to produce GG microparticles (GGMs) encapsulating <em>Limolactobacillus fermentum</em>. By varying GG concentration, flow rate and applied voltage, the optimized EHD parameters led to highly monodisperse microbeads with controlled morphology. Successful encapsulation of <em>L. fermentum</em> in GGMs was obtained at concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL and 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL, leading to 300 ± 40 μm and 450 ± 100 μm particle sizes, with encapsulation efficiency of 94 ± 6 % and 99 ± 1 %, respectively. GGMs demonstrated post-encapsulation probiotic viability with lactic acid production. Freeze-dried formulations were lasting under storage until 3 months and resulted stable under GI-simulated conditions. Their bioactive properties were demonstrated by antimicrobial efficacy against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and enhanced defensin expression in Caco-2 intestinal cells. Overall, EHD microdripping was a versatile and robust platform useful in functional foods and gut microbiome engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124742"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GH28 polygalacturonase of human gut Bacteroides spp. confers the degradation of a novel branched galacturonan isolated from Jasminum nudiflorum 人类肠道拟杆菌属的GH28聚半乳糖醛酸酶可降解一种从茉莉花中分离的新型支链半乳糖醛酸

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124745

Yun Li , Tingmei Hu , Meixia Li , Huixian Chen , Lana Duo , Can Jin , Kan Ding

The specific enzymes responsible for metabolizing distinct pectin structures have not been fully elucidated due to the structural diversity of pectin. Thus, we hypothesize that there may be other enzymes to target pectin. Here, a novel pectic polysaccharide CFM224 (18.2 kDa) was isolated from Jasminum nudiflorum for the first time. Structural analysis revealed a unique structure comprising branched galacturonan backbone interspersed with 2-α-Rhap, while 2, 4-α-Rhap existed on the branch. Complex branches including arabinogalactan, glucan polymers and t-GalpA, ΔHexpA, the other was composed of 4-β-Glcp, 2, 4-α-Rhap, t-β-Rhap and t-GalpA. CFM224 promoted the growth of Bacteroides spp. and underwent degradation. Furthermore, two polygalacturonases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 28 (GH28) family, which degraded CFM224 into GalA, encoded by BXY_32940 and BT_4123 genes of Bacteroides spp., respectively, were identified. Notably, the predicted structures of BXY_32940^GH28 and BT_4123^GH28 exhibit significant homology to rhamnogalacturonase. Site mutation and enzymatic activity analysis verified that D312 might be the catalytic residue of GH28. Genetic analysis demonstrated that polygalacturonase was predominantly encoded by Bacteroides spp. Overall, these findings further expand the metabolic network of pectin and may provide novel candidates for prebiotic screening.

由于果胶结构的多样性，负责代谢不同果胶结构的特定酶尚未完全阐明。因此，我们假设可能存在其他针对果胶的酶。本文首次从白花茉莉中分离到一种新的果胶多糖CFM224 （18.2 kDa）。结构分析显示其独特的结构为支链型半乳糖酸主链中穿插2-α-Rhap，支链上存在2,4 -α-Rhap。复合物分支包括阿拉伯半乳聚糖、葡聚糖聚合物和t- galpa， ΔHexpA，另一个由4-β-Glcp、2,4 -α-Rhap、t-β-Rhap和t- galpa组成。CFM224促进拟杆菌的生长并被降解。此外，还鉴定出了两个将CFM224降解为GalA的聚半乳糖醛酸酶（GH28）家族，分别由拟杆菌属BXY_32940和BT_4123基因编码。值得注意的是，BXY_32940GH28和BT_4123GH28的预测结构与鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸酶具有显著的同源性。位点突变和酶活性分析证实D312可能是GH28的催化残基。遗传分析表明，聚半乳糖醛酸酶主要由拟杆菌属（Bacteroides spp）编码。总之，这些发现进一步扩展了果胶的代谢网络，并可能为益生元筛选提供新的候选物。

{"title":"GH28 polygalacturonase of human gut Bacteroides spp. confers the degradation of a novel branched galacturonan isolated from Jasminum nudiflorum","authors":"Yun Li , Tingmei Hu , Meixia Li , Huixian Chen , Lana Duo , Can Jin , Kan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The specific enzymes responsible for metabolizing distinct pectin structures have not been fully elucidated due to the structural diversity of pectin. Thus, we hypothesize that there may be other enzymes to target pectin. Here, a novel pectic polysaccharide CFM224 (18.2 kDa) was isolated from <em>Jasminum nudiflorum</em> for the first time. Structural analysis revealed a unique structure comprising branched galacturonan backbone interspersed with 2-α-Rha<em>p</em>, while 2, 4-α-Rha<em>p</em> existed on the branch. Complex branches including arabinogalactan, glucan polymers and <em>t</em>-Gal<em>p</em>A, ΔHex<em>p</em>A, the other was composed of 4-β-Glc<em>p</em>, 2, 4-α-Rha<em>p</em>, <em>t</em>-β-Rha<em>p</em> and <em>t</em>-Gal<em>p</em>A. CFM224 promoted the growth of <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. and underwent degradation. Furthermore, two polygalacturonases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 28 (GH28) family, which degraded CFM224 into GalA, encoded by BXY_32940 and BT_4123 genes of <em>Bacteroides</em> spp., respectively, were identified. Notably, the predicted structures of BXY_32940<sup>GH28</sup> and BT_4123<sup>GH28</sup> exhibit significant homology to rhamnogalacturonase. Site mutation and enzymatic activity analysis verified that D312 might be the catalytic residue of GH28. Genetic analysis demonstrated that polygalacturonase was predominantly encoded by <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. Overall, these findings further expand the metabolic network of pectin and may provide novel candidates for prebiotic screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124745"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prebiotic low methoxyl pectin-alginate for colon-targeted Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 delivery in alleviating ulcerative colitis: Synergy and comparative analysis 低甲氧基果胶海藻酸盐益生元用于结肠靶向的痂状芽胞杆菌MN047递送缓解溃疡性结肠炎：协同作用和比较分析

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124750

Fan Zhang , Hanxiang Wang , Beisenbayeva Kamila , Jingtong Xiong , Pengfei Li , Xin Sun , Jihong Huang , Baocai Xu , Xin Wang , Xin Lü

Probiotics and prebiotics show promise in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study compared pectin-based and alginate-based probiotic polysaccharide composite hydrogel beads (PPHB) with or without Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047, highlighted the functional properties of prebiotics used as delivery carriers. Although both systems showed different advantages in alleviating UC. Pectin-based PPHB reduced serum TNF-α (21.80 %) and enhanced the generation of acetic acid (15.78 % reduction) and propionic acid (34.07 % reduction), significantly outperforming the DSS group (57.80 % and 68.68 % reductions). In contrast, alginate-based PPHB better improved the intestinal barrier, promoted beneficial gut bacteria (NK4A214_group, Subdoligranulum, Phascolarctobacterium), and increased the levels of butyric acid (36.35 % reduction) and isovaleric acid (21.98 % reduction), significantly lower than that in the DSS group (60.17 % and 65.36 % reductions). However, no significant difference was observed in the reducing serum and colon IL-1β levels, serum and colon IL-6, and improving colonic SOD (13.66 %–18.27 %) and GSH levels (17.56 %–18.81 %). Notably, excessive probiotic encapsulation weakened the synergy between probiotics and prebiotic activity, suggesting that prioritizing prebiotic functional properties over high probiotic encapsulation efficiency could be critical. These findings advocate for optimizing prebiotic delivery systems to enhance UC management, shifting focus from maximizing probiotic survival to leveraging prebiotic-driven microbial and metabolic benefits.

益生菌和益生元在缓解溃疡性结肠炎（UC）方面显示出希望。本研究比较了果胶基和海藻酸盐基益生菌多糖复合水凝胶珠（PPHB）在添加或不添加壳状芽胞杆菌MN047的情况下，突出了益生元作为递送载体的功能特性。尽管两种系统在缓解UC方面表现出不同的优势。果胶基PPHB降低血清TNF-α(21.80%)，增加乙酸（15.78%）和丙酸（34.07%）的生成，显著优于DSS组（57.80%和68.68%）。相比之下，海藻酸盐为基础的PPHB更好地改善了肠道屏障，促进了有益肠道细菌（NK4A214_group, Subdoligranulum, Phascolarctobacterium），丁酸（降低36.35%）和异戊酸（降低21.98%）水平，显著低于DSS组（分别降低60.17%和65.36%）。然而，在降低血清和结肠IL-1β水平、血清和结肠IL-6水平以及改善结肠SOD（13.66% - 18.27%）和GSH（17.56% - 18.81%）水平方面，两组间无显著差异。值得注意的是，过度的益生菌包封削弱了益生菌和益生元活性之间的协同作用，这表明优先考虑益生元功能特性而不是高益生菌包封效率可能是关键。这些发现提倡优化益生元输送系统以加强UC管理，将重点从最大化益生菌存活转移到利用益生元驱动的微生物和代谢益处。

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引用次数: 0

Amylose content of sorghum starches measured by four different methods in relation to molecular structures of sorghum amylose and amylopectin 用四种不同方法测定高粱淀粉中直链淀粉含量与高粱直链淀粉和支链淀粉分子结构的关系

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124741

Dongxing Li , Xiaorong Wu , Scott R. Bean , Yong-Cheng Shi

Amylose content plays an important role in functional and nutritional properties of starches and flours, yet different amylose contents are often reported from different analytical methods for the same sample. The objectives of this study were to compare the measured amylose content of sorghum starches and flours by four different methods [iodine colorimetric, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Concanavalin A (Con A), and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) methods], and determine molecular structure of sorghum starches by analyzing molecular size distribution of the fractions separated by Con A and 1-butanol/isoamyl alcohol as well as the starches before and after debranching. Amylose contents of normal sorghum starches and flours measured by the colorimetric, DSC and GPC methods were similar. However, amylose content was ∼7 % lower when determined by the Con A method. The GPC profile of the debranched Con A precipitation fraction revealed amylose-like long chains with clustered short chains that co-precipitated together with amylopectin by Con A, thus excluded in amylose quantification. The commercial potato amylose product had a smaller molecular size, and short branches compared with the lab-isolated potato amylose and resulted in different iodine-binding capacity and complexing with lipid, affecting the measurement of amylose by colorimetric and DSC methods.

直链淀粉含量在淀粉和面粉的功能和营养特性中起着重要作用，但对同一样品，不同的分析方法经常报道不同的直链淀粉含量。本研究的目的是比较四种不同方法[碘比色法、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、魔豆蛋白A （Con A）和凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）]测定的高粱淀粉和面粉的直链淀粉含量，并通过分析Con A和1-丁醇/异戊醇分离的部分的分子大小分布以及淀粉脱支前后的分子结构来确定高粱淀粉的分子结构。用比色法、DSC法和GPC法测定普通高粱淀粉和面粉的直链淀粉含量基本相同。然而，用Con A法测定时，直链淀粉含量降低了~ 7%。脱支的Con A沉淀组分的GPC谱显示直链样长链和聚集的短链与支链淀粉一起被Con A共沉淀，因此在直链淀粉定量中被排除。与实验室分离的马铃薯直链淀粉相比，商品马铃薯直链淀粉产品的分子尺寸更小，分支更短，导致其与碘的结合能力和与脂的络合作用不同，影响了比色法和DSC法对直链淀粉的测定。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic effects of starch-lipid complexes formation on oat starch digestibility during roasting process 焙烧过程中淀粉-脂络合物形成对燕麦淀粉消化率的机理影响

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124740

Wenhua Ma , Fan Yang , Binghua Sun , Xiaojie Qian , Sen Ma , Chong Liu , Xiaoxi Wang

Roasting modifies the starch structure and inhibits lipid oxidation in oats; however, its role in regulating starch-lipid complexes (SLC) formation and starch digestibility remains unclear. Using a sealed ampoule system to simulate roasting, this study investigated the effects of initial moisture content, temperature and duration on SLC formation, structure, and digestibility of oat starch-lipid mixtures. Roasting significantly increased the complex index to above 35.00 % compared to unroasted sample (25.25 %, p < 0.05), indicating enhanced amount of SLC. An initial moisture content of 20.0 % promoted highly ordered type I crystallites, resulting in the highest enthalpy change (1.45 J/g), relative crystallinity (39.2 %), and resistant starch (RS) content (88.3 %). Roasting temperatures up to 120 °C further facilitated the formation of stable crystalline structures and significantly increased RS content (p < 0.05), whereas roasting durations had no significant effect on starch digestibility despite promoting SLC formation within 30–40 min. Multivariate analysis identified that starch digestion resistance was predominantly governed by the lamellar structural parameters (d_Bragg and D_m) and long-range molecular order of the mixture, both of which were strongly influenced by initial moisture content. These findings establish a structural and mechanistic basis for modulating starch digestibility in roasted oats.

烘焙改变了淀粉结构，抑制了燕麦中的脂质氧化；然而，其在调节淀粉-脂质复合物（SLC）形成和淀粉消化率中的作用尚不清楚。采用密封安瓿系统模拟烘烤，研究了初始含水量、温度和烘烤时间对燕麦淀粉-脂肪混合物SLC形成、结构和消化率的影响。与未焙烧样品相比（25.25%,p < 0.05），焙烧样品的复合指数显著提高至35.00%以上，表明SLC含量增加。当初始含水量为20.0%时，晶态高度有序的I型结晶得到最大的焓变（1.45 J/g）、相对结晶度（39.2%）和抗性淀粉（RS）含量（88.3%）。120℃的焙烧温度进一步促进了稳定晶体结构的形成，显著提高了RS含量（p < 0.05），而焙烧时间在30-40 min内促进了SLC的形成，但对淀粉消化率没有显著影响。多变量分析表明，淀粉消化抗性主要受混合材料的层状结构参数（dBragg和Dm）和长程分子序的影响，而这两个参数均受初始含水量的强烈影响。这些发现为调节烤燕麦淀粉消化率奠定了结构和机理基础。

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引用次数: 0

Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides as multifunctional therapeutics for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) 壳聚糖和壳寡糖作为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）的多功能疗法

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124737

Gaoli Zhou , Ronge Xing , Zongji Wang , Rongfeng Li , Song Liu , Hang Li , Guantian Li

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously called metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver injury worldwide, driven by insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Current pharmacotherapies remain limited in efficacy and safety, underscoring the need for alternative strategies. Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides represent promising candidates owing to their multifunctional bioactivities and excellent safety profiles. Evidence from cellular, animal, and preliminary clinical studies indicates that these compounds exert protective effects through coordinated modulation of multiple pathophysiological pathways. They enhance intestinal barrier function and promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, leading to reduced lipopolysaccharide translocation and improved hepatic inflammation via gut–liver axis regulation. Simultaneously, chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides activate AMP-activated protein kinase and PPARαsignaling, inhibit lipogenic enzymes, and upregulate fatty acid oxidation, thereby restoring lipid homeostasis. Their antioxidant capacity is mediated through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation, while inflammatory cascades involving NF-κB and cytokine overproduction are suppressed. Collectively, these findings position chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides as sustainable therapeutics targeting multiple metabolic and inflammatory pathways in MASLD.

代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD），以前称为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），已成为世界范围内慢性肝损伤的主要原因，由胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、炎症和肠道生态失调驱动。目前的药物治疗在有效性和安全性方面仍然有限，强调需要替代策略。壳聚糖和壳寡糖具有多种生物活性和良好的安全性，是很有前途的候选材料。来自细胞、动物和初步临床研究的证据表明，这些化合物通过协调调节多种病理生理途径发挥保护作用。它们增强肠道屏障功能，促进有益肠道微生物群的生长，通过肠-肝轴调节减少脂多糖易位，改善肝脏炎症。同时，壳聚糖和壳寡糖激活amp激活的蛋白激酶和ppar α信号，抑制脂肪生成酶，上调脂肪酸氧化，从而恢复脂质稳态。它们的抗氧化能力是通过核因子红细胞2相关因子2的激活介导的，而涉及NF-κB和细胞因子过度产生的炎症级联反应被抑制。总的来说，这些发现表明壳聚糖和壳寡糖是针对MASLD多种代谢和炎症途径的可持续治疗药物。

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