This study aims to shed light on the educational thought of the Jerusalem writer Khalil Sakakini, who is one of the most prominent Palestinian intellectuals who contributed to the educational, cultural and national field in Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century through his intellectual, educational, political, philosophical and social views. The study included a number of axes, the first axis dealt with the biography of Sakakini and his life, while the second axis dealt with Sakakini and his principles of education and pedagogical methods and followed in achieving its educational objectives, and the third axis included his attitude towards exams and homework.and in the fourth axis the study talked about Sakakini curriculum “New in Arabic reading”. Key Words : Jerusalem , Khalil AL- Sakakini , The educational thought
{"title":"The Educational Thought of the Jerusalem Writer Khalil\u0000Sakakini","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to shed light on the educational thought of the Jerusalem\u0000writer Khalil Sakakini, who is one of the most prominent Palestinian\u0000intellectuals who contributed to the educational, cultural and national field in\u0000Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century through his intellectual,\u0000educational, political, philosophical and social views.\u0000The study included a number of axes, the first axis dealt with the biography\u0000of Sakakini and his life, while the second axis dealt with Sakakini and his\u0000principles of education and pedagogical methods and followed in achieving its\u0000educational objectives, and the third axis included his attitude towards exams\u0000and homework.and in the fourth axis the study talked about Sakakini curriculum\u0000“New in Arabic reading”.\u0000Key Words : Jerusalem , Khalil AL- Sakakini , The educational thought","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116812029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a role an important in climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere, which effects on Europe, Northeast North America and North Africa climate, However, the previous studies have described the effect of the NAO on winter climate conditions in Europe, North Africa and a few regions. It is still unclear to what extent the North Atlantic Oscillation is related to the fluctuations of rain in northern Libya, so the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the NAO and rainfall in the north of Libya in the winter using correlation analysis. The results show that the influence of NAO on the amounts of rainfall and the winter rains were positively related to the whole region, and it is more closely related to Al-Asa and Zuwara which located in the west of study area. In addition, winter rains in March were weaker than in the winter in all study stations. Moreover, the results of the statistically significant relationship for the studied stations were PValue less than (0.05) in 9 stations for the winter. While the winter rain with March rain was represented in only three stations in the northwest, this may explain air circulation did not correlate well with the NAO index. Keywords:North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO, Rain, Libya.
{"title":"North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its relationship to\u0000rain in northern Libya","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a role an important in climate\u0000variability in the Northern Hemisphere, which effects on Europe, Northeast\u0000North America and North Africa climate, However, the previous studies have\u0000described the effect of the NAO on winter climate conditions in Europe, North\u0000Africa and a few regions. It is still unclear to what extent the North Atlantic\u0000Oscillation is related to the fluctuations of rain in northern Libya, so the purpose\u0000of this study is to examine the relationship between the NAO and rainfall in the\u0000north of Libya in the winter using correlation analysis. The results show that the\u0000influence of NAO on the amounts of rainfall and the winter rains were\u0000positively related to the whole region, and it is more closely related to Al-Asa\u0000and Zuwara which located in the west of study area. In addition, winter rains in\u0000March were weaker than in the winter in all study stations. Moreover, the\u0000results of the statistically significant relationship for the studied stations were PValue less than (0.05) in 9 stations for the winter. While the winter rain with\u0000March rain was represented in only three stations in the northwest, this may\u0000explain air circulation did not correlate well with the NAO index.\u0000Keywords:North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO, Rain, Libya.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125934468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims at investigating the biography of one of the Ayyubids dynasty Emirs (princes) who ruled Damascus during the reign of Sultan Al-Adel II, the Jawad King Yunus. The study also attempts to explore the system of his regime through his internal regulations and foreign relations with the Sultans and Emirs of the Ayyubids and their allies. Further, the study sheds more light on him allying with the Franks against his Ayyubid cousins after which he ended up in prison where he died in 641 H/ 1243 AD. The study concludes that during the rule of this lavish King over Damascus, tyranny prevailed through adopting an individualistic approach during; he also used his army to confiscate the properties and money of both the aristocrats and the masses and to abuse them. This later lead to him losing all his powers and properties not only in Damascus but also all over the states which he once ruled. Keyword: The Jawad; Al-Adel II; An-Nassir; Daoud; As-Saleh Ayyoub; Damascus government.
{"title":"The Jawad King Muzaffaruddin Yunus bin Mamdoud bin\u0000Mohammad bin Ayyoub (635-641 H/ 1237-1243 AD)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims at investigating the biography of one of the Ayyubids dynasty Emirs (princes) who ruled Damascus during the reign of Sultan Al-Adel II, the Jawad King Yunus. The study also attempts to explore the system of his regime through his internal regulations and foreign relations with the Sultans and Emirs of the Ayyubids and their allies. Further, the study sheds more light on him allying with the Franks against his Ayyubid cousins after which he ended up in prison where he died in 641 H/ 1243 AD. The study concludes that during the rule of this lavish King over Damascus, tyranny prevailed through adopting an individualistic approach during; he also used his army to confiscate the properties and money of both the aristocrats and the masses and to abuse them. This later lead to him losing all his powers and properties not only in Damascus but also all over the states which he once ruled. Keyword: The Jawad; Al-Adel II; An-Nassir; Daoud; As-Saleh Ayyoub; Damascus government.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The poetic play is a literary art that has witnessed a remarkable and diverse development in subjects recently, and won the attention of a significant number of researchers, but it still needs serious studies to reveal her treasures, especially that the modern play was influenced by various influences, influenced in its construction and visions. This study highlights the play "Alia and Issam" by Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi, which was taken as a model for the study, as one of the most famous works of the writer in the field of poetic play. The study dealt with the most important elements of the poetic play: (personalities, conflict, dialogue, time, place...) and trying to reveal the literature of a modern writer, and to analyze the technical and substantive aspects of his text, and come out with a look determines the extent of the development of his artistic tools and his visions in the writing of the poetic play. The study concluded that the dramatic construction of the play (Alia and Issam) is characterized by characteristics dating back to Greek origins, In addition, the drama in this play is inseparable from poetry, where Al Qasimi combined poetry with drama, his language uses the power of semantically rich poetry, which leads to pushing events and creating collisions in dramatic situations, this results in the enrichment of movement and coherence of the dramatic structure in the text. Key Words : Building, drama, poetic play, Sultan Al Qasimi
诗剧作为一种文学艺术，近年来在题材上出现了显著的多元化发展，受到了众多研究者的关注，但它的瑰宝仍有待于认真的研究，特别是现代戏剧受到了各种影响，在其结构和视野上受到了影响。本研究以苏尔坦·阿尔·卡西米博士的《阿丽亚与伊萨姆》为研究范本，作为作者在诗剧领域最著名的作品之一。本研究探讨了诗剧创作中最重要的要素:(人物、冲突、对话、时间、地点……)，试图揭示一位现代作家的文学作品，并分析其文本的技术性和实质性方面，从而得出他在诗剧创作中艺术工具的发展程度和他的视野。研究认为，该剧(Alia and dissam)的戏剧结构具有希腊起源的特点，此外，该剧中的戏剧与诗歌是分不开的，其中Al qasimi将诗歌与戏剧结合起来，他的语言使用了语义丰富的诗歌的力量，导致了事件的推动和戏剧情境的碰撞，从而丰富了文本中的戏剧结构的运动性和连贯性。关键词:建筑，戏剧，诗剧，卡西米苏丹
{"title":"The Dramatic Construction in the Poetic Play (Alia and\u0000Issam) By Sultan Al Qasimi\u0000'Critical Approach'","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The poetic play is a literary art that has witnessed a remarkable and diverse\u0000development in subjects recently, and won the attention of a significant number\u0000of researchers, but it still needs serious studies to reveal her treasures, especially\u0000that the modern play was influenced by various influences, influenced in its\u0000construction and visions.\u0000This study highlights the play \"Alia and Issam\" by Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi,\u0000which was taken as a model for the study, as one of the most famous works of\u0000the writer in the field of poetic play. The study dealt with the most important\u0000elements of the poetic play: (personalities, conflict, dialogue, time, place...) and\u0000trying to reveal the literature of a modern writer, and to analyze the technical and\u0000substantive aspects of his text, and come out with a look determines the extent of\u0000the development of his artistic tools and his visions in the writing of the poetic\u0000play.\u0000The study concluded that the dramatic construction of the play (Alia and\u0000Issam) is characterized by characteristics dating back to Greek origins, In\u0000addition, the drama in this play is inseparable from poetry, where Al Qasimi\u0000combined poetry with drama, his language uses the power of semantically rich\u0000poetry, which leads to pushing events and creating collisions in dramatic\u0000situations, this results in the enrichment of movement and coherence of the\u0000dramatic structure in the text.\u0000Key Words : Building, drama, poetic play, Sultan Al Qasimi","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132911481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resistance is a vital part of contemporary Arab poetry. It can be said that resistance is not any more limited to military resistance; however, the 1980s and 1990s witnessd another type of resistance which can be referred to as cultural resistance. This type of resistance manifests itself in defending history, ethnic and national identity and civilization, raising awareness about the importance of resistance among Palestinian people. Samih Al-Qasim, a contemporary Palestinian poet, is one of the pioneers in the field of cultural resistance. He has devoted himself to the issue of national and ethnic identity, which the Zionist regime seeks to eliminate so that Palestinian people live in cultural, intellectual, and historical isolation. Al-Qasim believes in the power of words functioning socially and intellectually to raise awareness and effect change. The present study which is based on a descriptive-analytical approach investigates the features of cultural and intellectual resistance in Samih Al-Qasim’s poetry. It concludes that defending national, regional, and universal identity, resisting ignorance and treachery, condemning social classes, clinging to Islamic history, defending Arabic, and promoting some Islamic and Arab history all of which are part of Al-Qasim’s poetry. These aspects represent cultural resistance in the poety of Samih AlQasim. Keywords: contemporary Palestinian poetry, resisance, thought and culture, identity and belonging.
{"title":"Reflections of Cultural and Intellectual Resistance in Samih\u0000al-Qasim poetry","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance is a vital part of contemporary Arab poetry. It can be said\u0000that resistance is not any more limited to military resistance; however, the\u00001980s and 1990s witnessd another type of resistance which can be\u0000referred to as cultural resistance. This type of resistance manifests itself in\u0000defending history, ethnic and national identity and civilization, raising\u0000awareness about the importance of resistance among Palestinian people.\u0000Samih Al-Qasim, a contemporary Palestinian poet, is one of the pioneers\u0000in the field of cultural resistance. He has devoted himself to the issue of\u0000national and ethnic identity, which the Zionist regime seeks to eliminate\u0000so that Palestinian people live in cultural, intellectual, and historical\u0000isolation. Al-Qasim believes in the power of words functioning socially\u0000and intellectually to raise awareness and effect change. The present study\u0000which is based on a descriptive-analytical approach investigates the\u0000features of cultural and intellectual resistance in Samih Al-Qasim’s\u0000poetry. It concludes that defending national, regional, and universal\u0000identity, resisting ignorance and treachery, condemning social classes,\u0000clinging to Islamic history, defending Arabic, and promoting some\u0000Islamic and Arab history all of which are part of Al-Qasim’s poetry.\u0000These aspects represent cultural resistance in the poety of Samih AlQasim.\u0000Keywords: contemporary Palestinian poetry, resisance, thought and\u0000culture, identity and belonging.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"41 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The drama program in the theatrical text is based on a set of dramatic transformations according to a specific timeframe and place where the author tries to embody that program through an imaginary space accompanied by a parallel text explaining the situations in which the dramatic actions take place. Also in that program, the author describes the situations of the active selves based on moving the dramatic act and transforming it from one path to another in a process called, in the semiotic term, “dramatic Transformations.” On this basis, the dramatic self is the focus of the theatrical text, and the dramatic act is originally based on the presence of the dramatic self, by defining its relationship to the subject of value embodied in the theatrical text, whether the active self is relevant or separate from it. The active self becomes dominant in the dramatic path in the play, whether negative or positive. Accordingly, our study in this work was directed at following up the selves of the dramatic action (act) in the play "El-warda wa Essiaf" (The Rose and the Swordsman) by Azzeddine Mihoubi. We follow the semiotic approach, especially in relation to the semiotics of the act , to reveal the drama programs in the theatrical text and its various paths that appear at the superficial level in the form of conflicts represented in the the active selves. In doing so, we will determine the types of selves, depending on the roles assigned to them by the author, whether it is related to the way in which these selves see the dramatic acts, or through the actions they (the selves) do, which influence the dramatic trajectory. Keywords: dramatic transformation, active self, framed self, drama program, dramatic trajectory.
戏剧文本中的戏剧程序是根据特定的时间框架和地点进行的一系列戏剧转换，作者试图通过一个想象的空间来体现这一程序，并辅以平行的文本来解释戏剧行动发生的情况。同样在该计划中，作者描述了基于戏剧行为的主动自我的情境，并将其从一条路径转变为另一条路径，这个过程在符号学术语中被称为“戏剧转换”。在此基础上，戏剧自我是戏剧文本的焦点，戏剧行为本来是建立在戏剧自我的存在基础上的，通过界定戏剧自我与戏剧文本所体现的价值主体的关系，主动自我是相关的还是分离的。积极的自我在戏剧的道路上占据主导地位，无论是消极的还是积极的。因此，我们在这项工作中的研究是为了跟进Azzeddine Mihoubi的戏剧“El-warda wa Essiaf”(玫瑰与剑客)中的戏剧动作(行为)的自我。我们遵循符号学方法，特别是与行为符号学相关的符号学方法，揭示戏剧文本中的戏剧节目及其各种路径，这些路径以主动自我所表现的冲突形式出现在表面层面。在此过程中，我们将根据作者分配给他们的角色来确定自我的类型，无论是与这些自我看待戏剧行为的方式有关，还是通过他们(自我)所做的影响戏剧轨迹的行动。关键词:戏剧转化，主动自我，框架自我，戏剧节目，戏剧轨迹。
{"title":"Dramatic Semiotics in Azzeddine Mihoubi’s The Rose and\u0000the Swordfish","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The drama program in the theatrical text is based on a set of dramatic\u0000transformations according to a specific timeframe and place where the author tries to\u0000embody that program through an imaginary space accompanied by a parallel text\u0000explaining the situations in which the dramatic actions take place. Also in that program,\u0000the author describes the situations of the active selves based on moving the dramatic act and transforming it from one path to another in a process called, in the semiotic term, “dramatic Transformations.”\u0000On this basis, the dramatic self is the focus of the theatrical text, and the dramatic\u0000act is originally based on the presence of the dramatic self, by defining its relationship to the subject of value embodied in the theatrical text, whether the active self is relevant or separate from it. The active self becomes dominant in the dramatic path in the play,\u0000whether negative or positive.\u0000Accordingly, our study in this work was directed at following up the selves of the\u0000dramatic action (act) in the play \"El-warda wa Essiaf\" (The Rose and the Swordsman)\u0000by Azzeddine Mihoubi. We follow the semiotic approach, especially in relation to the\u0000semiotics of the act , to reveal the drama programs in the theatrical text and its various\u0000paths that appear at the superficial level in the form of conflicts represented in the the\u0000active selves. In doing so, we will determine the types of selves, depending on the roles\u0000assigned to them by the author, whether it is related to the way in which these selves see the dramatic acts, or through the actions they (the selves) do, which influence the\u0000dramatic trajectory.\u0000Keywords: dramatic transformation, active self, framed self, drama program, dramatic\u0000trajectory.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131637237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the conditions of the the Mudéjar (domesticated) in the Kingdom of Castile as stated in the royal decree by King John II in 814 AH/ 1412 AD. The study sheds light on the social, economic, and religious circumstances of the Mudéjar. It also attempts to analyze the royal decree with regard to the reasons behind issuing it, its items and its consequences. One of the most important results of the study is that the 814 AH/ 1412 AD royal decree shows a great deal of discrimination, persecution, and injustice against the Mudéjar in the Kingdom of Castile. Keywords: Kingdom of Castile; Mudéjar; the 814 AH/ 1412 AD royal decree; King John II.
{"title":"The Mudéjar (Domesticated) in the Kingdom of Castile as\u0000Stated in the Royal Decree by King John II\u0000in 814 AH/1412 AD","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the conditions of the the Mudéjar (domesticated) in\u0000the Kingdom of Castile as stated in the royal decree by King John II in 814 AH/ 1412\u0000AD. The study sheds light on the social, economic, and religious circumstances of the\u0000Mudéjar. It also attempts to analyze the royal decree with regard to the reasons behind\u0000issuing it, its items and its consequences. One of the most important results of the study\u0000is that the 814 AH/ 1412 AD royal decree shows a great deal of discrimination,\u0000persecution, and injustice against the Mudéjar in the Kingdom of Castile.\u0000Keywords: Kingdom of Castile; Mudéjar; the 814 AH/ 1412 AD royal decree; King\u0000John II.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128758469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diaries or autobiographies are considered to be one of an important sources which deal the history of Arab Revolt in terms of political and militarily aspects. This study focuses on the most crucial events and people who participated in the Arab Revolt, and the role the Iraqi military people did in the Arab Revolt. The army at that time consisted of volunteers of Arab tribes in Jordan and Al-Hejaz. The aim of the study is to focus on the biography of one of Iraqi soldier, Jamil Al-Rawi who served as an officer in the Arab Revolt and who later became the military governor in Al-Madina (Al-Hejaz). He was one of the closest to Sharif Hussein bin Ali and his sons, along with being his companion in exile in Cyprus refusing to abdicate Palestine. This study follows the historical approach which is based on analyzing the content of these memoirs explaining and presenting the historical events. The researcher attempts to collect all the diaries that deal with the Arab Revolt so one can make use of them to illustrate some facts that Jamil Al-Rawi used in his memoirs, correcting names and dates, introducing additional information all of which help better understand certain details and events. The study concludes the following: forming the Arab Revolt army of volunteers from Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Libya, and Yemen; the vital role of Iraqi soldiers in forming the core of Arab revolution army; the military activities of the Arab Revolt and the large burden of the military operations of the revolution was lain on the shoulders of the Arab military forces while the contribution of the allies was little, which was only logistics in terms of weapons, equipment, and provisions. Sherif Hussein bin Ali abdicated his throne because of the British policies in the area which tried to force Sherif Hussein bin Ali to sign the British Hejaz Treaty so he abdicatd Palestine. However, because of his rejection of this treaty, he was exiled in Cyprus so the colonzers were able to carry out their plans in the Arab area. KeyWords: Sheriff Hussein bin Ali، Arab revolution Great, Jamil al-rawi, Al-Hejaz, Great Revolution army, Cyprus , Beir Darweish, Turbah Battle.
{"title":"With Sharif Hussein Bin Ali from the Great Arab Revolt\u0000to Exile: A Reading in the Memoirs of Officer Jamil AlRawi (1891-1950)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Diaries or autobiographies are considered to be one of an important sources\u0000which deal the history of Arab Revolt in terms of political and militarily aspects.\u0000This study focuses on the most crucial events and people who participated in the\u0000Arab Revolt, and the role the Iraqi military people did in the Arab Revolt. The army\u0000at that time consisted of volunteers of Arab tribes in Jordan and Al-Hejaz.\u0000The aim of the study is to focus on the biography of one of Iraqi soldier, Jamil\u0000Al-Rawi who served as an officer in the Arab Revolt and who later became the\u0000military governor in Al-Madina (Al-Hejaz). He was one of the closest to Sharif\u0000Hussein bin Ali and his sons, along with being his companion in exile in Cyprus\u0000refusing to abdicate Palestine.\u0000This study follows the historical approach which is based on analyzing the\u0000content of these memoirs explaining and presenting the historical events. The\u0000researcher attempts to collect all the diaries that deal with the Arab Revolt so one\u0000can make use of them to illustrate some facts that Jamil Al-Rawi used in his\u0000memoirs, correcting names and dates, introducing additional information all of\u0000which help better understand certain details and events.\u0000The study concludes the following: forming the Arab Revolt army of\u0000volunteers from Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Libya, and Yemen; the vital role of Iraqi\u0000soldiers in forming the core of Arab revolution army; the military activities of the\u0000Arab Revolt and the large burden of the military operations of the revolution was\u0000lain on the shoulders of the Arab military forces while the contribution of the allies\u0000was little, which was only logistics in terms of weapons, equipment, and provisions.\u0000Sherif Hussein bin Ali abdicated his throne because of the British policies in the\u0000area which tried to force Sherif Hussein bin Ali to sign the British Hejaz Treaty so\u0000he abdicatd Palestine. However, because of his rejection of this treaty, he was exiled\u0000in Cyprus so the colonzers were able to carry out their plans in the Arab area.\u0000KeyWords: Sheriff Hussein bin Ali، Arab revolution Great, Jamil al-rawi, Al-Hejaz,\u0000Great Revolution army, Cyprus , Beir Darweish, Turbah Battle.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper draws its importance from two angles. First, it deals with a marginal Arabic text that was born in the seventeenth century. Second, its use of cultural criticism in clarifying the text's components as cultural criticism is a partner of literary criticism. The traveler's text is not written by a traveler, a geographer, a writer or an ambassador, but it is written by an Arab prince, Fakhr al-Din al-Ma'in II (1634), who made his journey to Italy between 1613 and 1618. It was a journey which he had to make to save blood and to escape the surveillance of the Ottoman Empire. During his adminstration, he founded a development project in Sidon, Beirut, Bekaa, and Tripoli. It’s a project based on urbanization, fortification of castles, development of agriculture, expansion of trade horizons with the Franks, collecting wealth and provisions, and making use of Europeans experiences. However, this did not satisfy some of the statesmen of the Ottoman Empire. He was threatened, so he had to travel to Italy for some time, and this migration prompted him to write down his most important observations that have modern, civil, and reforming dimensions. Despite his Syrian, colloquial language indicating the dominance of ignorance, his journey had some significant cultural references that cannot be represented except in cultural criticism, the least was that the Prince got to know the secrets of European civilization superiority more than a century and a half before Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798. Hence, this study uses cultural criticism to describe travel literature as a cultural event that raised some questions about identity and the “other,” overt and covert cultural patterns that are embodied in statements of rejection, slander, and coercion, on the one hand, and statements of acceptance, praise, and celebration, on the other hand. Prince Fakhruddin's journey represents an early civilized encounter between the East and the West and such encounter barely existed in the pre-Arab “Nahda” literature. This journey represents the behaviors, practices, and cultural concepts dominating his own age. This leads us to do a cognitive approach in the light of the culture in question without involving into historical, political, and social contexts of the journey. Keywords: Travel literature, Cultural patterns, 17th century, European civilization, The other.
本文从两个角度阐述了其重要性。首先，它处理的是一个诞生于17世纪的边缘阿拉伯文本。第二，它利用文化批评来澄清文本的组成部分，因为文化批评是文学批评的伙伴。旅行者的文本不是由旅行者、地理学家、作家或大使所写，而是由一位阿拉伯王子法克尔·丁·马金二世(Fakhr al-Din al-Ma'in II, 1634)所写，他在1613年至1618年之间去了意大利。这是一段他必须完成的旅程，以挽救血液和逃离奥斯曼帝国的监视。在他执政期间，他在西顿、贝鲁特、贝卡和的黎波里建立了一个发展项目。这是一个基于城市化、城堡防御、农业发展、扩大与法兰克人的贸易范围、收集财富和粮食以及利用欧洲经验的项目。然而，这并没有让奥斯曼帝国的一些政治家满意。他受到威胁，所以他不得不去意大利旅行一段时间，这次迁徙促使他写下了他最重要的观察，这些观察具有现代的、文明的和改革的维度。尽管他的叙利亚语、口语化的语言表明了无知的主导地位，但他的旅程中有一些重要的文化参考，除了文化批评之外，无法表现出来，至少是王子在1798年拿破仑入侵埃及之前一个半多世纪就知道了欧洲文明优势的秘密。因此，本研究使用文化批评来描述旅行文学作为一种文化事件，它提出了一些关于身份和“他者”的问题，公开和隐蔽的文化模式，一方面体现在拒绝、诽谤和胁迫的声明中，另一方面体现在接受、赞扬和庆祝的声明中。法赫鲁丁王子的旅程代表了东西方文明的早期相遇，而这种相遇在阿拉伯前的“复兴党”文学中几乎不存在。这段旅程代表了统治他那个时代的行为、实践和文化观念。这导致我们在不涉及历史、政治和社会背景的情况下，根据所讨论的文化进行认知方法。关键词:旅行文学，文化模式，17世纪，欧洲文明，他者
{"title":"The Problem of Identity in Prince Fakhruddin's Journey to\u0000Italy (1613-1618) Between the Fortification of the Pattern\u0000and the Marginalization of the Reference (Cultural\u0000Approach)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws its importance from two angles. First, it deals with a marginal\u0000Arabic text that was born in the seventeenth century. Second, its use of cultural criticism in clarifying the text's components as cultural criticism is a partner of literary criticism.\u0000The traveler's text is not written by a traveler, a geographer, a writer or an\u0000ambassador, but it is written by an Arab prince, Fakhr al-Din al-Ma'in II (1634), who\u0000made his journey to Italy between 1613 and 1618. It was a journey which he had to make\u0000to save blood and to escape the surveillance of the Ottoman Empire. During his\u0000adminstration, he founded a development project in Sidon, Beirut, Bekaa, and Tripoli.\u0000It’s a project based on urbanization, fortification of castles, development of agriculture,\u0000expansion of trade horizons with the Franks, collecting wealth and provisions, and\u0000making use of Europeans experiences. However, this did not satisfy some of the\u0000statesmen of the Ottoman Empire. He was threatened, so he had to travel to Italy for\u0000some time, and this migration prompted him to write down his most important\u0000observations that have modern, civil, and reforming dimensions. Despite his Syrian,\u0000colloquial language indicating the dominance of ignorance, his journey had some\u0000significant cultural references that cannot be represented except in cultural criticism, the least was that the Prince got to know the secrets of European civilization superiority\u0000more than a century and a half before Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798.\u0000Hence, this study uses cultural criticism to describe travel literature as a cultural\u0000event that raised some questions about identity and the “other,” overt and covert cultural patterns that are embodied in statements of rejection, slander, and coercion, on the one hand, and statements of acceptance, praise, and celebration, on the other hand. Prince Fakhruddin's journey represents an early civilized encounter between the East and the West and such encounter barely existed in the pre-Arab “Nahda” literature. This journey represents the behaviors, practices, and cultural concepts dominating his own age. This leads us to do a cognitive approach in the light of the culture in question without involving into historical, political, and social contexts of the journey.\u0000Keywords: Travel literature, Cultural patterns, 17th century, European civilization, The\u0000other.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133392137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with simile as a figure of speech in the field of theoretical linguistics and relevance theory. It presents a model in analyzing the degree of relevance in comparing “Houris” in the Quranic discourse, based on the inductive approach in reviewing related literature and the descriptive approach in selecting the material. In other words, this study further illustrates some of its pragmatic functions via Qur'anic discourse by utilizing the selected simile of "Houris"-the nymphs of paradise in the Qur'anic verses: "and wide-eyed houris, as the likeness of nestled pearls"(Al-Waqi'ah: 22-23). The use of relevance theory here reaffirms the analytical benefits of cognitive linguistic accounts. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first section is for providing conceptual clarity to the notion of simile as a single basic phenomenon. The second section provides the practical application of the study’s theoretical premise by scrutinizing the realization the Degree of Relevance of the simile “Houris” in the Holy Qur'an. This study finds that simile is more related to metaphor than to literal comparison. Unlike literal comparison, both metaphor and simile figuratively involve adhoc concepts, even though the concepts work, and are constructed and perceived differently. It further reveals that Qur'anic simile is used as a cognitive tool that facilitates inferential and interpretative processes via its communication of abstract and unseen and nuanced themes of God’s message to its audience. The houris' similes essentially provide its recipients with strong ostensive stimuli with strong contextual effects, while the contents enable them to exert the least cognitive effort to grasp the intangible and immeasurable, and infer the utterance intended meaning. Keywords: Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Relevance Theory, Simile, Qur’anic Studies.
{"title":"The Concept of Simile in Relevance Theory: An Analysis of\u0000the Degree of Relevance of the Simile “Houris”\u0000in the Holy Qur'an","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with simile as a figure of speech in the field of theoretical\u0000linguistics and relevance theory. It presents a model in analyzing the degree of relevance in comparing “Houris” in the Quranic discourse, based on the inductive approach in reviewing related literature and the descriptive approach in selecting the material. In other words, this study further illustrates some of its pragmatic functions via Qur'anic discourse by utilizing the selected simile of \"Houris\"-the nymphs of paradise in the Qur'anic verses: \"and wide-eyed houris, as the likeness of nestled pearls\"(Al-Waqi'ah: 22-23). The use of relevance theory here reaffirms the analytical benefits of cognitive linguistic accounts. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first section is for providing conceptual clarity to the notion of simile as a single basic phenomenon. The second section provides the practical application of the study’s theoretical premise by scrutinizing the realization the Degree of Relevance of the simile “Houris” in the Holy Qur'an. This study finds that simile is more related to metaphor than to literal comparison. Unlike literal comparison, both metaphor and simile figuratively involve adhoc concepts, even though the concepts work, and are constructed and perceived differently. It further reveals that Qur'anic simile is used as a cognitive tool that facilitates inferential and interpretative processes via its communication of abstract and unseen and nuanced themes of God’s message to its audience. The houris' similes\u0000essentially provide its recipients with strong ostensive stimuli with strong contextual\u0000effects, while the contents enable them to exert the least cognitive effort to grasp the\u0000intangible and immeasurable, and infer the utterance intended meaning.\u0000Keywords: Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Relevance Theory, Simile, Qur’anic\u0000Studies.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124012451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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