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GEANT4 & GAMOS — A particle implementation of high energy simulation toolkit to oncology therapy GEANT4 & GAMOS -肿瘤治疗高能模拟工具包的粒子实现
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6807908
Sonali Sinha Bhatnagar, S. Sirisha
Monte-Carlo simulation is an essential tool that assists in the design of new medical imaging devices; optimize the treatment planning in dose estimation to control tumors in oncology therapy. Geant4 and GAMOS (Geant4 based Application for Medicine Oriented Simulations) implements the optimized radiotherapy external beam application, the propagation through an accelerator geometry and the calculation of the dose in voxel phantoms. This paper gives an overview of the physical processes involved along with detailed description of the design and implementation to medical physics in Geant4 and GAMOS toolkits. We have calculated the dose deposition of a passive proton beam of 60 to 240 MeV in a human phantom geometry. The resulting Bragg peak, range, penumbra width has been calculated and verified with results of other groups. The applications of these systems in fields of nuclear fragmentation for carbon ion therapy, nuclear imaging and hadrontherapy for in vivo dose monitoring are also discussed.
蒙特卡罗模拟是帮助设计新的医学成像设备的重要工具;在肿瘤治疗中,通过剂量估算优化治疗计划,控制肿瘤。Geant4和GAMOS(基于Geant4的医学模拟应用程序)实现了优化的放射治疗外束应用,通过加速器几何形状的传播和体素幻象中剂量的计算。本文概述了所涉及的物理过程,并详细描述了Geant4和GAMOS工具包中医学物理的设计和实现。我们已经计算了60至240兆电子伏特的被动质子束在人体幻影几何中的剂量沉积。计算了所得的布拉格峰、范围、半影宽度,并与其他组的结果进行了验证。并讨论了这些系统在碳离子治疗的核碎裂、核成像和体内剂量监测的强子治疗等领域的应用。
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引用次数: 2
Stability analysis of Human Respiratory System 人体呼吸系统稳定性分析
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6807912
Tanmay Pal, Karan Jain, S. Maka
Chemical Regulation of Human Respiratory System is a complex dynamical system. Primary function of this system is to regulate gas concentrations in the Blood. It is modeled by Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations. Several dynamical models for respiratory regulation are available in the literature, which are broadly classified as Comprehensive and Minimal Models. Minimal models are derived from the comprehensive models with some assumptions and are linearized for simplified analysis. Current literatures in these mathematical modeling approaches are directed towards describing pathological conditions, giving little thrust for the prediction. Analyses of these systems are not straightforward because of the variable time delay. From the system's point of view, increasing delay makes the system oscillatory. Physiologically, delay depends on the blood flow. In this model, delay in feedback loop of alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures make the system oscillatory, causing discomfort or fatal to the subject. Present analysis is motivated to find out the range of delay for comfortable operation of the system.
人体呼吸系统的化学调控是一个复杂的动力系统。这个系统的主要功能是调节血液中的气体浓度。用非线性时滞微分方程对其进行建模。文献中有几种呼吸调节的动力学模型,大致分为综合模型和最小模型。最小模型是在综合模型的基础上,在一定的假设条件下推导出来的,并进行线性化处理以简化分析。目前的文献在这些数学建模方法是针对描述病理条件,给小推力的预测。由于这些系统的时间延迟是可变的,所以分析起来并不简单。从系统的角度来看,增加延迟会使系统振荡。生理上,延迟取决于血流量。在该模型中,肺泡氧和二氧化碳分压反馈回路的延迟使系统振荡,对受试者造成不适或致命。本文的分析是为了找出系统运行舒适的延时范围。
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引用次数: 1
Information asymmetry minimization system for potential clients of healthcare insurance in Indian context using semantic web 基于语义网的印度医疗保险潜在客户信息不对称最小化系统
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6808061
V. K. Sreekanth, Dhrubes Biswas
The huge expenses for healthcare by the larger section of the population in India have made it economically crucial. The healthcare insurance is one of the cost-effective solutions to control the out-of-pocket expenditure in the sector. Nevertheless, the existing information asymmetries in the field of healthcare insurance bewilder the potential client in selecting the right policy. They are more dependent on the business agents for information and the chances of being exploited become high due to the imbalance in the information. This paper proposes an information system that makes use of semantic Web techniques to minimize the information asymmetry in Indian healthcare insurance market. The emerging concepts of semantic data mining encourage the cooperative way of existence and reduced chances of exploitation of the client or patient.
印度大部分人口在医疗保健方面的巨额支出使其在经济上至关重要。医疗保险是控制该行业自费支出的经济有效的解决方案之一。然而,医疗保险领域存在的信息不对称,使潜在客户在选择正确的政策时感到困惑。他们更加依赖于商业代理获取信息,并且由于信息的不平衡,被利用的机会变得很高。本文提出了一种利用语义Web技术来最小化印度医疗保险市场信息不对称的信息系统。语义数据挖掘的新兴概念鼓励合作的存在方式,并减少利用客户或患者的机会。
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引用次数: 5
A fully differential amplifier with CMOS feedback biasing for sensing CMUT signals 具有CMOS反馈偏置的全差分放大器,用于感应CMUT信号
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6807933
Soumya Bose, P. Mandal
The paper illustrates design of a fully differential amplifier to sense current signals generated by CMUT for ultrasound imaging. Detection of reflected ultrasonic waves from body tissues requires low noise amplifier with wide input dynamic range. The transducer, being capacitive, isolates dc voltage from the input of the amplifier necessitating additional biasing circuit. In this work, a differential amplifier topology is chosen for its ability to reject common mode interference. Biasing is done by low frequency feedback using CMOS transistors which do not add significant noise to the system. The amplifier is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS process. Its input referred noise is 24.3 μV rms in the band 1-15 MHz. At 10 MHz it provides a gain of 25.5 dB with an input dynamic range of 62.5 dB. The amplifier consumes 314 μW of power with 1.8V-GND supply.
本文设计了一种全差分放大器,用于超声成像中感应CMUT产生的电流信号。检测人体组织反射的超声波需要具有宽输入动态范围的低噪声放大器。换能器是电容式的,从放大器的输入端隔离直流电压,这就需要额外的偏置电路。在这项工作中,差分放大器拓扑结构的选择是因为它能够抑制共模干扰。偏置是通过使用CMOS晶体管的低频反馈来完成的,这不会给系统增加明显的噪声。放大器采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计。其输入参考噪声在1 ~ 15 MHz频段为24.3 μV rms。在10mhz时,它的增益为25.5 dB,输入动态范围为62.5 dB。在1.8V-GND供电时,放大器功耗为314 μW。
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引用次数: 0
Load reduction with multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks 无线传感器网络中多个移动接收器的负载降低
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6807926
P. Chanak, I. Banerjee
Uniform load distribution is a major challenging area in wireless sensor networks. Sink mobility strategy achieves great success in uniform load distribution policy. In optimal sink mobility scheme, main problem is optimal path construction for sink movement with minimum message overhead. This paper reports an optimal path construction strategy for mobile sinks movement in wireless sensor network. Proposed sink mobility scheme increases network throughput as well as conserves energy by optimal path construction. The proposed scheme divides whole network into sub regions, and they are coupled with quad tree. Mobile sink collects data region wise. The quad-tree based sink mobility scheme reduces energy consumption rate through uniform load distribution. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed work.
在无线传感器网络中,负载均匀分布是一个具有挑战性的问题。汇流策略在负荷均匀分配策略中取得了巨大的成功。在最优sink迁移方案中,主要问题是在最小报文开销的情况下构造sink移动的最优路径。本文提出了一种无线传感器网络中移动sink移动的最优路径构建策略。该方案通过构建最优路径,提高了网络吞吐量,节约了能量。该方案将整个网络划分为若干子区域,并用四叉树进行耦合。移动接收器按区域收集数据。基于四叉树的汇迁移方案通过负荷均匀分布降低了能耗。实验结果验证了所提工作的有效性和可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Mobility managed energy efficient Android mobile devices using cloudlet 移动性使用cloudlet管理节能的Android移动设备
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6808085
Anuradha Ravi, S. K. Peddoju
Mobile devices of today offload their compute intensive application to Cloud, but also consume huge energy while communicating using mobile network services like 3G/4G. Cloudlets can be used to provide such services with wireless LANs. However, the device mobility is limited to that network. Hence, Mobile Cloud Computing leaves two serious challenges, mobility and energy efficiency. This paper proposes a model to tackle the issues in new direction. In order to support mobility of the device, various parameters like signal strength, bit rate, number of interactions between Cloudlet and mobile device are measured to evaluate the handoff conditions. Further, various decisions are made based on two factors, offload factor and risk factor, to optimize the energy usage. Fuzzy based approach is used for offloading decisions. The proposed model and algorithm were evaluated using “opennebula” based Cloud setup and related experimental results were reported.
今天的移动设备将其计算密集型应用程序卸载到云上,但在使用3G/4G等移动网络服务进行通信时也消耗了巨大的能量。可以使用Cloudlets通过无线局域网提供此类服务。但是,设备的移动性仅限于该网络。因此,移动云计算留下了两个严峻的挑战,移动性和能源效率。本文提出了一个新的模型来解决这一问题。为了支持设备的移动性,我们测量了各种参数,如信号强度、比特率、Cloudlet与移动设备之间的交互次数,以评估切换条件。此外,根据卸载因素和风险因素两个因素做出各种决策,以优化能源使用。采用基于模糊的方法进行卸载决策。利用基于“开放星云”的云设置对所提出的模型和算法进行了评估,并报道了相关实验结果。
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引用次数: 16
ROBOG: Robo guide with simple learning strategy ROBOG:具有简单学习策略的机器人指南
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6808051
Y. Harish, R. K. Kumar, G. M. D. I. Feroz, C. Jada, V. A. Kumar, Mounika Mesa
This paper presents ROBOG; an experimental effort in building an autonomous robot that can learn the navigation system of a known terrain and use it for guiding. It is equipped with Artificial Neural Network for the task of Decision making. ROBOG was trained to learn the geographical structure of a floor in an academic block of RGUKT and is tested successfully to guide a person from anywhere to any specific classroom in the trained region. The training of ANN is done with Error Back Propagation algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. Results are provided showing the superiority of PSO over conventional EBP in training the ANN. It can easily be trained for other type of structures as well. Some outlook of future work and extensions are suggested.
本文介绍了ROBOG;一个自主机器人的实验成果,它可以学习已知地形的导航系统,并使用它来引导。它配备了人工神经网络来完成决策任务。ROBOG被训练来学习RGUKT学术街区地板的地理结构,并成功地引导一个人从任何地方到训练区域的任何特定教室。采用误差反向传播算法和粒子群算法对人工神经网络进行训练。结果表明,粒子群算法在训练人工神经网络方面优于传统的EBP算法。它也可以很容易地被训练成其他类型的结构。对今后的工作和扩展提出了展望。
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引用次数: 4
Reliability aware self-healing FFT system employing partial reconfiguration for reduced power consumption 可靠性感知自修复FFT系统采用部分重构降低功耗
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6807909
D. Jose, P. Kumar, S. Ramkumar
The very high levels of integration and submicron device sizes used in emerging VLSI systems and FPGAs lead to frequent occurrences of defects and operational faults. Thus, the need for fault tolerance and reliability of deployed systems becomes increasingly prominent. This paper discusses fault tolerance and reliability observed in the design of a parallel self-healing VLSI system, based on partial dynamic reconfiguration (PDR) and built-in-self-test (BIST) for delay/stuck-at faults. PDR is employed to keep the system on line while under repair, for reduced power consumption and also to reduce repair time. Results prove that, a self-healing FFT prototype system implemented on Virtex6 FPGA can tolerate stressful sequences of injected delay and permanent faults with nominal impact on the system performance (hardware overhead and delay). The review of research proves that the proposed system is ideal for VLSI implementations of low power application fault tolerant systems.
在新兴的VLSI系统和fpga中使用的非常高的集成水平和亚微米器件尺寸导致经常发生缺陷和操作故障。因此,对已部署系统的容错性和可靠性的需求变得越来越突出。本文讨论了基于局部动态重构(PDR)和延迟/卡滞故障内置自检(BIST)的并行自修复VLSI系统设计中的容错性和可靠性。PDR用于在维修时保持系统在线,以降低功耗并缩短维修时间。结果证明,在Virtex6 FPGA上实现的自修复FFT原型系统可以承受注入延迟和永久故障的压力序列,对系统性能(硬件开销和延迟)的影响很小。研究表明,该系统是实现低功耗应用容错系统的理想方案。
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引用次数: 2
An online dynamic set point weighting scheme for PID controller 一种PID控制器在线动态设定点加权方案
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6808044
Pubali Paul, C. Dey, R. Mudi
An online dynamic set point weighting technique is proposed for PID controller. The set point weighting factor is calculated online according to the process change of error through a simple sigmoid function. Weighted set point for each sampling instant is applied only for proportional term of the PID controller. The proposed dynamic set point weighted PID controller provides a significant amount of performance enhancement for higher order processes with dead time. Its superiority has been verified through simulation study as well as real time implementation. Unlike the conventional fixed set point weighting which provides only improved set point response, our proposed technique is capable to provide simultaneous improvement during both the set point tracking as well as load variation with considerable robustness in close-loop behavior.
针对PID控制器,提出了一种在线动态设定点加权技术。根据误差的过程变化,通过简单的s型函数在线计算设定点权重因子。每个采样瞬间的加权设定点仅用于PID控制器的比例项。所提出的动态设定点加权PID控制器对具有死区时间的高阶过程提供了显著的性能增强。通过仿真研究和实时实现,验证了其优越性。与传统的固定设定点加权只提供改进的设定点响应不同,我们提出的技术能够在设定点跟踪和负载变化期间同时提供改进,并且在闭环行为中具有相当的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 6
Dynamic performance enhancement of voltage source inverter by constant-frequency hysteretic current controller 恒频滞回电流控制器增强电压源逆变器动态性能
Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/TECHSYM.2014.6808045
P. Sahu, S. Maity
Maintaining good voltage regulation and achieving fast dynamic response under sudden load fluctuation are extremely important in distributed generation (DG) as well as uninterrupted power supply (UPS) systems. This paper presents a fixed frequency hysteresis current (FFHC) controller, which is implemented on the basis of sliding mode control (SMC) technique and fixed frequency current controller with a hysteresis band. The controller retains the benefit of hysteretic current control having fast dynamic responses and mitigates the drawback of the variable switching frequency. These have been verified and compared with the carrier based pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage controller under the same load fluctuation. The proposed method is then applied to 6-KVA, 220V, 50Hz islanded 1-Φ voltage source inverter (VSI) system. The results show that the dynamic response is quite faster than that of widely used PWM-controlled inverter systems. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of inverter output voltage is 2.14% at standard nonlinear load IEC62040-3.
在分布式发电(DG)和不间断电源(UPS)系统中,保持良好的电压调节和在负荷突然波动下实现快速的动态响应是非常重要的。本文提出了一种基于滑模控制(SMC)技术和带滞环的定频电流控制器实现的定频磁滞电流控制器(FFHC)。该控制器保留了滞后电流控制的优点,动态响应快,减轻了开关频率可变的缺点。并与相同负载波动下基于载波的脉宽调制(PWM)电压控制器进行了验证和比较。然后将该方法应用于6 kva, 220V, 50Hz孤岛1-Φ电压源逆变器(VSI)系统。结果表明,该系统的动态响应速度比目前广泛使用的pwm控制的逆变系统快得多。在标准非线性负载IEC62040-3下,逆变器输出电压的总谐波失真(THD)为2.14%。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium
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