The global economy evolves into a “knowledge-based economy”, where market success of enterprises more and more depends on efficient knowledge management, that is on acquisition, generation, distribution and application of knowledge within organizations. The strategically impor tant nature of knowledge results firstly from the fact that it is harder to imitate and substitute when compared with material resources, and secondly from the fact that it is more flexible, i.e. more useful for the creation or improvement of various elements of the enterprise’s offer. This applies in par ticular to the issues of knowledge management in economic organizations, which can be analysed in the area of organizational structures, business processes, personnel, organizational structure as well as ICT that supports management. The objective of this article is to discuss organizational and technological aspects within the modern knowledge management using ICT called SMAC (Social, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud), being at present the canon of ICT support in this respect. The analysis has been illustrated with findings of research carried out by the author in 2014–2017 in selected SMEs from Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie provinces.
{"title":"Digital transformation of business entities in competitive environment","authors":"P. Adamczewski","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The global economy evolves into a “knowledge-based economy”, where market success of enterprises more and more depends on efficient knowledge management, that is on acquisition, generation, distribution and application of knowledge within organizations. The strategically impor tant nature of knowledge results firstly from the fact that it is harder to imitate and substitute when compared with material resources, and secondly from the fact that it is more flexible, i.e. more useful for the creation or improvement of various elements of the enterprise’s offer. This applies in par ticular to the issues of knowledge management in economic organizations, which can be analysed in the area of organizational structures, business processes, personnel, organizational structure as well as ICT that supports management. The objective of this article is to discuss organizational and technological aspects within the modern knowledge management using ICT called SMAC (Social, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud), being at present the canon of ICT support in this respect. The analysis has been illustrated with findings of research carried out by the author in 2014–2017 in selected SMEs from Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie provinces.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"38 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131967331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2019.2.19
Sylwia Sagan
{"title":"Ułatwienia organizacyjne dzielenia się wiedzą w przedsiębiorstwach województwa lubelskiego","authors":"Sylwia Sagan","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2019.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2019.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132932697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a result of the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession, income inequality has increased in most countries around the world. According to H. Immervoll and L. Richardson, the recent crisis, in contrast to previous global crises, was characterized by a higher impact on income distribution in OECD countries (Immervoll, Richardson, 2011, p. 4). In addition to changes in the labour market caused by recession, current global trends, such as demographic changes and changes in the size and composition of households, also impacted the level of inequality. The problem of income inequalities has not only affected the Anglo-Saxon model countries in their conduct of a liberal economic policy, but also countries classified as egalitarian, such as Germany or Sweden. Governments of many countries have attempted to hinder this process by using fiscal policy tools. Counteracting the increase in income inequality is one of the priorities of the state, according to the concept of maximin wellbeing (the level of overall wellbeing determines the wellbeing of the poorest social groups), or A. Sen’s account of wellbeing (inequalities reduce the level of overall wellbeing). The aim of this article is to classify OECD countries into fiscal models based on the criterion of the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and to compare them in terms of the scope of redistribution by means of taxation and social transfers and the level of income inequalities. Based on a comparative analysis of the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure in 30 countries classified into six fiscal models and the Redistribution Index, Progression Index and Gini Index before tax and social transfers, the following hypotheses were verified: there is a relationship between the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and the scope of redistribution; there is a relationship between the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and the level of income inequalities; and countries with high levels of income inequality are characterized by a higher scope of re-
由于全球金融危机和随后的经济衰退，收入不平等在世界上大多数国家都有所加剧。根据H. Immervoll和L. Richardson的观点，与之前的全球危机相比，最近的危机的特点是对经合组织国家的收入分配产生了更大的影响(Immervoll, Richardson, 2011, p. 4)。除了经济衰退引起的劳动力市场的变化外，当前的全球趋势，如人口变化和家庭规模和组成的变化，也影响了不平等的水平。收入不平等问题不仅影响了实行自由经济政策的盎格鲁-撒克逊模式国家，也影响了德国、瑞典等平等主义国家。许多国家的政府试图通过使用财政政策工具来阻碍这一进程。根据福利最大化的概念(整体福利水平决定了最贫穷社会群体的福利)或A. Sen的福利解释(不平等降低了整体福利水平)，抵消收入不平等的增加是国家的优先事项之一。本文的目的是根据税收和公共支出结构的标准将经合组织国家分类为财政模型，并根据通过税收和社会转移的再分配范围以及收入不平等程度对它们进行比较。通过对30个国家的税收收入和公共支出结构的比较分析，将其分为6种财政模式，并采用税收和社会转移支付前的再分配指数、进步指数和基尼指数，验证了以下假设:税收收入和公共支出结构与再分配范围之间存在关系;税收和公共支出的结构与收入不平等程度之间存在某种关系;收入不平等程度高的国家的特点是再分配范围更大
{"title":"Income redistribution and the state’s fiscal system","authors":"Magda Wiśniewska-Kuźma","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2019.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2019.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the global financial crisis and the subsequent recession, income inequality has increased in most countries around the world. According to H. Immervoll and L. Richardson, the recent crisis, in contrast to previous global crises, was characterized by a higher impact on income distribution in OECD countries (Immervoll, Richardson, 2011, p. 4). In addition to changes in the labour market caused by recession, current global trends, such as demographic changes and changes in the size and composition of households, also impacted the level of inequality. The problem of income inequalities has not only affected the Anglo-Saxon model countries in their conduct of a liberal economic policy, but also countries classified as egalitarian, such as Germany or Sweden. Governments of many countries have attempted to hinder this process by using fiscal policy tools. Counteracting the increase in income inequality is one of the priorities of the state, according to the concept of maximin wellbeing (the level of overall wellbeing determines the wellbeing of the poorest social groups), or A. Sen’s account of wellbeing (inequalities reduce the level of overall wellbeing). The aim of this article is to classify OECD countries into fiscal models based on the criterion of the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and to compare them in terms of the scope of redistribution by means of taxation and social transfers and the level of income inequalities. Based on a comparative analysis of the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure in 30 countries classified into six fiscal models and the Redistribution Index, Progression Index and Gini Index before tax and social transfers, the following hypotheses were verified: there is a relationship between the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and the scope of redistribution; there is a relationship between the structure of tax revenues and public expenditure and the level of income inequalities; and countries with high levels of income inequality are characterized by a higher scope of re-","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133844358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.21
B. Karwat-Woźniak
Aktualnie rozwój rolnictwa i jego zmiany strukturalne w coraz mniejszym zakresie są warunkowane czynnikami endogenicznymi, a w coraz większym stopniu zależą od polityki sektorowej, a zwłaszcza polityki makroekonomicznej (Kowalski, Wigier, Wieliczko, 2014, s. 9). Polityka sektorowa w rolnictwie jest powszechnie i długofalowo stosowana w krajach rozwiniętych. Wraz z wejściem Polski do Unii Europejskiej (UE) sektor rolny został objęty ponadnarodową Wspólną Polityką Rolną (WPR), która na przestrzeni lat ulegała różnorodnym zmianom. Kolejne reformy były spowodowane zmianami warunków funkcjonowania UE i pozwalały na dostosowanie mechanizmów WPR do osiągnięcia zakładanych celów. W procesie tych przeobrażeń zaznacza się coraz bardziej odchodzenie od polityki sektorowej na rzecz kompleksowej polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Niezmiennie obowiązują sformułowane w traktacie rzymskim, cele podstawowe WPR, chroniące interesy producentów i konsumentów żywności poprzez: zwiększanie wydajności rolnictwa, wspieranie postępu rolniczego, optymalizację wykorzystania czynników produkcji, zwłaszcza siły roboczej i ziemi, stabilizowanie rynków i zagwarantowanie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego oraz zapewnienia rolnikom odpowiedniego dochodu (Drygas, Nurzyńska, 2018). Takie ich sprecyzowanie umożliwiało zmiany we WPR, których celem jest niezmiennie stwarzanie warunków do rozwoju nowoczesnego i zrównoważonego rolnictwa oraz tworzenia jego konkurencyjności na możliwie najwyższym poziomie. WPR tworzy jedną z podstawowych przesłanek kształtujących warunki funkcjonowania rolnictwa, a jednocześnie przyczynia się do kreowania procesów rozwojowych w tym sektorze i na obszarach wiejskich.
{"title":"Wpływ wybranych instrumentów Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na umacnianie i spowalnianie procesów rozwojowych w polskim rolnictwie","authors":"B. Karwat-Woźniak","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Aktualnie rozwój rolnictwa i jego zmiany strukturalne w coraz mniejszym zakresie są warunkowane czynnikami endogenicznymi, a w coraz większym stopniu zależą od polityki sektorowej, a zwłaszcza polityki makroekonomicznej (Kowalski, Wigier, Wieliczko, 2014, s. 9). Polityka sektorowa w rolnictwie jest powszechnie i długofalowo stosowana w krajach rozwiniętych. Wraz z wejściem Polski do Unii Europejskiej (UE) sektor rolny został objęty ponadnarodową Wspólną Polityką Rolną (WPR), która na przestrzeni lat ulegała różnorodnym zmianom. Kolejne reformy były spowodowane zmianami warunków funkcjonowania UE i pozwalały na dostosowanie mechanizmów WPR do osiągnięcia zakładanych celów. W procesie tych przeobrażeń zaznacza się coraz bardziej odchodzenie od polityki sektorowej na rzecz kompleksowej polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Niezmiennie obowiązują sformułowane w traktacie rzymskim, cele podstawowe WPR, chroniące interesy producentów i konsumentów żywności poprzez: zwiększanie wydajności rolnictwa, wspieranie postępu rolniczego, optymalizację wykorzystania czynników produkcji, zwłaszcza siły roboczej i ziemi, stabilizowanie rynków i zagwarantowanie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego oraz zapewnienia rolnikom odpowiedniego dochodu (Drygas, Nurzyńska, 2018). Takie ich sprecyzowanie umożliwiało zmiany we WPR, których celem jest niezmiennie stwarzanie warunków do rozwoju nowoczesnego i zrównoważonego rolnictwa oraz tworzenia jego konkurencyjności na możliwie najwyższym poziomie. WPR tworzy jedną z podstawowych przesłanek kształtujących warunki funkcjonowania rolnictwa, a jednocześnie przyczynia się do kreowania procesów rozwojowych w tym sektorze i na obszarach wiejskich.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"758 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122989332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.25
M. J. Król, J. Trybuła
{"title":"Internet w życiu młodzieży licealnej – statystyczna analiza na podstawie badania ankietowego","authors":"M. J. Król, J. Trybuła","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121075742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to identify challenges for the development of the e-commerce industry in Poland and Albania and to explore their directions and limitations in the opinion of young people. The study was formed by a literature review for qualitative research purposes and took an analysis approach through a survey method among students from the economic and management faculties. Respondents aged 18–30 participated in the survey from the reputedly more tech-savvy ʻGeneration Zʼ demographic group. The data obtained shows that the e-commerce industry, both in Poland and Albania, is undergoing significant changes and that the pandemic has accelerated these. Many established companies were those that trade on the Internet or offer e-services. Respondents indicated many benefits of running a business on the web; notably, the convenience of selling and lower operating costs. This form of running a business is attractive to younger people. However, they acknowledge some limitations. The most important barrier is high competition in the market and a lack of innovative ideas that would otherwise allow them to break into the market. Significantly, Albania has seen the development of its technological infrastructure, as well as the building of consumer confidence in this type of transaction. Taking into account the forecasts for e-commerce development for Poland and Albania, there is a need for up-to-date information on ways of setting up and running e-businesses. Expertise in this field is needed, as are qualified teaching and academic staff with sufficient knowledge of the evolving e-business environment.
{"title":"E-commerce development opportunities and limitations from the Generation Z perspective of Poland and Albania","authors":"B. Kiełbasa, A. Tartaraj","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify challenges for the development of the e-commerce industry in Poland and Albania and to explore their directions and limitations in the opinion of young people. The study was formed by a literature review for qualitative research purposes and took an analysis approach through a survey method among students from the economic and management faculties. Respondents aged 18–30 participated in the survey from the reputedly more tech-savvy ʻGeneration Zʼ demographic group. The data obtained shows that the e-commerce industry, both in Poland and Albania, is undergoing significant changes and that the pandemic has accelerated these. Many established companies were those that trade on the Internet or offer e-services. Respondents indicated many benefits of running a business on the web; notably, the convenience of selling and lower operating costs. This form of running a business is attractive to younger people. However, they acknowledge some limitations. The most important barrier is high competition in the market and a lack of innovative ideas that would otherwise allow them to break into the market. Significantly, Albania has seen the development of its technological infrastructure, as well as the building of consumer confidence in this type of transaction. Taking into account the forecasts for e-commerce development for Poland and Albania, there is a need for up-to-date information on ways of setting up and running e-businesses. Expertise in this field is needed, as are qualified teaching and academic staff with sufficient knowledge of the evolving e-business environment.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126940023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. Also, in Poland, urbanisation processes are still progressing. Moreover, the impact of an urban zone itself does not end with administrative boundaries. There are a number of functional connections between a given urban centre and its surroundings. Thus, functional urban areas begin to play a more important role in development policy. In particular, this aspect has gained importance in the face of the introduction, in 2014, of new territorial instruments of the EU cohesion policy, such as Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI). The introduction of ITI was associated with formalising the operation of functional urban areas in Poland (FUA), mainly in the area of voivodeship centres. After a few years of their functioning, it is worth taking a closer look at their diversity. The aim of the study is, therefore, to determine the differentiation in the level of development of functional areas of voivodeship capital cities in Poland and their classification. The research was carried out with the use of the TOPSIS method on the basis of available, selected data from the Central Statistical Office. As a result of the research, FUAs were assigned to various classes of the level of socio-economic development and ranked in terms of the value of the synthetic indicator of socio-economic development that was constructed under the TOPSIS method. As a result of the study, it was found that, in general, studied units are characterised by rather small differentiation in the level of development; however, there are quite large discrepancies in the level of the synthetic indicator of socio-economic development between FUAs with the highest and the lowest value of this indicator.
{"title":"Zróżnicowanie rozwoju miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych ośrodków wojewódzkich w Polsce","authors":"A. Busłowska","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2022.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2022.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. Also, in Poland, urbanisation processes are still progressing. Moreover, the impact of an urban zone itself does not end with administrative boundaries. There are a number of functional connections between a given urban centre and its surroundings. Thus, functional urban areas begin to play a more important role in development policy. In particular, this aspect has gained importance in the face of the introduction, in 2014, of new territorial instruments of the EU cohesion policy, such as Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI). The introduction of ITI was associated with formalising the operation of functional urban areas in Poland (FUA), mainly in the area of voivodeship centres. After a few years of their functioning, it is worth taking a closer look at their diversity. The aim of the study is, therefore, to determine the differentiation in the level of development of functional areas of voivodeship capital cities in Poland and their classification. The research was carried out with the use of the TOPSIS method on the basis of available, selected data from the Central Statistical Office. As a result of the research, FUAs were assigned to various classes of the level of socio-economic development and ranked in terms of the value of the synthetic indicator of socio-economic development that was constructed under the TOPSIS method. As a result of the study, it was found that, in general, studied units are characterised by rather small differentiation in the level of development; however, there are quite large discrepancies in the level of the synthetic indicator of socio-economic development between FUAs with the highest and the lowest value of this indicator.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122758233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the recovery of the idea of full employment. Its principal aim is to gather evidence that this idea has new functions in the present social context and that the main problems of the full employment policy have reasonably well founded solutions. The method of this text is to analyse the social meaning of economic theories. In every analysis of full employment, the politics of inflation pressure seems to be the main and unresolved problem. This pressure is biggest as the economy nears full employment. The first proponents of full employment policies, including W. H. Beveridge and A. P. Lerner, knew this problem very well. Contemporary followers of full employment policies also endorse the Lernerian concept of functional finance. However, they recommend an institutional change and reject the Keynesian discretionary macroeconomic policy. Their proposition is the Job Guarantee Programme: employing all of the willing people without a job in the public sector and paying them a universal decent wage. The job guarantee is an old idea in a new form and a new context. In times of economic decline, a Job Guarantee Programme delivers a more egalitarian organisation of society and a greater level of equality instead of doubtful prospects for economic growth.
本文论述了充分就业的复苏思想。其主要目的是收集证据，证明这一想法在目前的社会背景下具有新的功能，并证明充分就业政策的主要问题有相当充分的解决办法。本文的研究方法是分析经济学理论的社会意义。在对充分就业的每一次分析中，通胀压力似乎都是主要的、尚未解决的问题。当经济接近充分就业时，这种压力是最大的。包括贝弗里奇(W. H. Beveridge)和勒纳(A. P. Lerner)在内的第一批充分就业政策的支持者非常清楚这个问题。当代充分就业政策的追随者也赞同勒纳的功能性金融概念。然而，他们建议制度变革，反对凯恩斯主义的自由裁量宏观经济政策。他们的主张是工作保障计划:雇用所有愿意在公共部门工作的人，并向他们支付普遍体面的工资。就业保障是一种新形式、新背景下的旧观念。在经济衰退时期，就业保障计划提供了一个更加平等的社会组织和更高水平的平等，而不是令人怀疑的经济增长前景。
{"title":"Pełne zatrudnienie – porzucona idea i jej odrodzenie","authors":"D. Grzybek","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the recovery of the idea of full employment. Its principal aim is to gather evidence that this idea has new functions in the present social context and that the main problems of the full employment policy have reasonably well founded solutions. The method of this text is to analyse the social meaning of economic theories. In every analysis of full employment, the politics of inflation pressure seems to be the main and unresolved problem. This pressure is biggest as the economy nears full employment. The first proponents of full employment policies, including W. H. Beveridge and A. P. Lerner, knew this problem very well. Contemporary followers of full employment policies also endorse the Lernerian concept of functional finance. However, they recommend an institutional change and reject the Keynesian discretionary macroeconomic policy. Their proposition is the Job Guarantee Programme: employing all of the willing people without a job in the public sector and paying them a universal decent wage. The job guarantee is an old idea in a new form and a new context. In times of economic decline, a Job Guarantee Programme delivers a more egalitarian organisation of society and a greater level of equality instead of doubtful prospects for economic growth.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123566000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.29
J. Renkas
Publikacja zostala sfinansowana ze statutowych funduszy badawczych Katedry Rachunkowości Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie.
该出版物由克拉科夫经济大学会计系法定研究基金资助。
{"title":"Godziwe nierówności dochodowe a opodatkowanie wynagrodzeń","authors":"J. Renkas","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Publikacja zostala sfinansowana ze statutowych funduszy badawczych Katedry Rachunkowości Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is the empirical analysis of the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources in Poland between 2005 and 2013. The decomposition was used to assess the contribution of income components to the overall income inequality in Poland. The empirical analysis was based on non-identifiable, individual household budget survey data collected by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The method of decomposition by income components applied in this study was the approach of Lerman and Yitzhaki (1985). The study revealed that employment income contributed to the greatest extent to overall income inequality in Poland during the analysis period. At the same time, this income source showed a significant increase in explaining inequality, reaching almost 64% in 2019. Apart from employment, among all of the income sources analysed, only the contribution of social security benefits to income disparities changed significantly, dropping from almost 19% in 2005 to 7% in 2019. Income from self-employment explained about 15% of inequality in Poland throughout the analysed period. The contribution of the rest of income sources to income inequality was also relatively stable, though less significant. The only income category that contributed negatively to inequality was the other social benefits component. The largest impact of a marginal change in income components on overall inequality was due to income from employment (positive effect) and social security benefits (negative effect). A negative impact of a marginal change in specific income sources on inequality was observed in the case of social security benefits, other social benefits, and other income.
{"title":"Household income inequality in Poland between 2005 and 2019: A decomposition of the Gini coefficient by income sources","authors":"Patrycja Graca-Gelert","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is the empirical analysis of the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources in Poland between 2005 and 2013. The decomposition was used to assess the contribution of income components to the overall income inequality in Poland. The empirical analysis was based on non-identifiable, individual household budget survey data collected by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The method of decomposition by income components applied in this study was the approach of Lerman and Yitzhaki (1985). The study revealed that employment income contributed to the greatest extent to overall income inequality in Poland during the analysis period. At the same time, this income source showed a significant increase in explaining inequality, reaching almost 64% in 2019. Apart from employment, among all of the income sources analysed, only the contribution of social security benefits to income disparities changed significantly, dropping from almost 19% in 2005 to 7% in 2019. Income from self-employment explained about 15% of inequality in Poland throughout the analysed period. The contribution of the rest of income sources to income inequality was also relatively stable, though less significant. The only income category that contributed negatively to inequality was the other social benefits component. The largest impact of a marginal change in income components on overall inequality was due to income from employment (positive effect) and social security benefits (negative effect). A negative impact of a marginal change in specific income sources on inequality was observed in the case of social security benefits, other social benefits, and other income.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126267774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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