In global conditions, clusters are obliged to operate on the international market to a greater extent than ever. Due to the evolution of the economic environment, these structures, and in particular their entities-members, wanting to increase their competitiveness and develop, take actions on global markets, and engage in international cooperation. Hence, their support towards internationalisation, which determines their functioning and success in the market, is of great importance. That is why the offer of activities supporting this process, both at the EU and national level, is so important. This support should apply in particular to Key National Clusters, which are of exceptional importance for the country and the regions in which they operate. The aim of the article is an attempt to show the essence and function of the cluster structure, which is an example of a business model. In the following parts of the study, attempts were made to introduce the concept and classification of business models and the concept of the international cluster model. The advantages of the internationalisation of cluster structures are presented, as well as the sources of financing and forms of support for this process. Examples of key cluster structures in Poland were presented, as well as the “Aviation Valley” Cluster as a case study. In order to show the role of clusters in increasing efficiency, innovation and competitiveness, the results of our own research were used. They were carried out in 2015 among 80 entrepreneurs-participants of four agri-food clusters, as well as among 4 representatives of institutions managing these clusters in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The study puts forward the thesis that properly functioning cluster structures contribute to an increase in the level of innovation in the economy and the competitiveness of entities, eliminating the inequalities in their development, both at the local, regional and international levels.
{"title":"Struktura klastrowa jako przykład modelu biznesu międzynarodowego","authors":"R. Chorób","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2022.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2022.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In global conditions, clusters are obliged to operate on the international market to a greater extent than ever. Due to the evolution of the economic environment, these structures, and in particular their entities-members, wanting to increase their competitiveness and develop, take actions on global markets, and engage in international cooperation. Hence, their support towards internationalisation, which determines their functioning and success in the market, is of great importance. That is why the offer of activities supporting this process, both at the EU and national level, is so important. This support should apply in particular to Key National Clusters, which are of exceptional importance for the country and the regions in which they operate. The aim of the article is an attempt to show the essence and function of the cluster structure, which is an example of a business model. In the following parts of the study, attempts were made to introduce the concept and classification of business models and the concept of the international cluster model. The advantages of the internationalisation of cluster structures are presented, as well as the sources of financing and forms of support for this process. Examples of key cluster structures in Poland were presented, as well as the “Aviation Valley” Cluster as a case study. In order to show the role of clusters in increasing efficiency, innovation and competitiveness, the results of our own research were used. They were carried out in 2015 among 80 entrepreneurs-participants of four agri-food clusters, as well as among 4 representatives of institutions managing these clusters in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The study puts forward the thesis that properly functioning cluster structures contribute to an increase in the level of innovation in the economy and the competitiveness of entities, eliminating the inequalities in their development, both at the local, regional and international levels.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18
Karolina Olszewska
appropriate support strategy related to STPs for the digital transformation of their tenants.
与stp相关的适当支持策略，以支持其租户的数字化转型。
{"title":"Fostering digital business transformation and digital skill development for economic growth and social inclusion in Poland: a preliminary study","authors":"Karolina Olszewska","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"appropriate support strategy related to STPs for the digital transformation of their tenants.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125200494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the technology of extended reality, whereby the aim is to draw attention to selected issues related to technology and solutions in the extended reality area in the context of social inequalities. The first part of the article discusses the essence of extended reality technology, paying attention to its place in the modern economy, along with a description of such solutions. The remainder of the study focuses on the issue of social inequality, with particular emphasis on the impact of extended reality on the problem of the digital gap and digital divide. The article presents the results of original research undertaken on a group of 88 respondents with both CAWI and equipment supporting augmented reality technology, of which 39.36% declared testing with this type of equipment in the past. The article also presents the results of original research with the use of XR equipment. XR-related solutions are currently still perceived as luxury goods, despite both the increasing availability for users and undoubtedly unique advantages. These include realism of generated experiences and the phenomenon of immersion in the synthetic world. The analysis of the role of such solutions in the context of social inequality provides a conclusion about their dichotomous nature. On the one hand, by popularizing the XR technology, the possibility of overcoming barriers and inequalities resulting from individual characteristics or social position is created, which leads to the improvement in the life situations of some people who have been struggling with exclusion so far. On the other hand, it provides the conclusion that such advanced technology entering everyday life has the potential to create another digital divide, which in the long term will result in increasing digital disproportions and exclusion.
{"title":"Wzbogacona rzeczywistość a nierówności społeczne","authors":"Piotr Nieradka","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the technology of extended reality, whereby the aim is to draw attention to selected issues related to technology and solutions in the extended reality area in the context of social inequalities. The first part of the article discusses the essence of extended reality technology, paying attention to its place in the modern economy, along with a description of such solutions. The remainder of the study focuses on the issue of social inequality, with particular emphasis on the impact of extended reality on the problem of the digital gap and digital divide. The article presents the results of original research undertaken on a group of 88 respondents with both CAWI and equipment supporting augmented reality technology, of which 39.36% declared testing with this type of equipment in the past. The article also presents the results of original research with the use of XR equipment. XR-related solutions are currently still perceived as luxury goods, despite both the increasing availability for users and undoubtedly unique advantages. These include realism of generated experiences and the phenomenon of immersion in the synthetic world. The analysis of the role of such solutions in the context of social inequality provides a conclusion about their dichotomous nature. On the one hand, by popularizing the XR technology, the possibility of overcoming barriers and inequalities resulting from individual characteristics or social position is created, which leads to the improvement in the life situations of some people who have been struggling with exclusion so far. On the other hand, it provides the conclusion that such advanced technology entering everyday life has the potential to create another digital divide, which in the long term will result in increasing digital disproportions and exclusion.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.26
Marcin Krzesaj
{"title":"Pomiar wybranych kryteriów jakości informacji na stronach WWW – studium przypadku","authors":"Marcin Krzesaj","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130190506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.18
Barbara Danowska-Prokop
{"title":"Proces polonizacji przemysłu górnośląskiego w latach 1922–1939","authors":"Barbara Danowska-Prokop","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132667227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.27
W. Pawnik
Wydanie publikacji finansowane przez Akademie Gorniczo-Hutniczą im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie (dotacja podmiotowa na utrzymanie potencjalu badawczego 11/11.200.323).
{"title":"Problem kompetencji innowacyjnych w kontekście systemu edukacyjnego w Polsce","authors":"W. Pawnik","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Wydanie publikacji finansowane przez Akademie Gorniczo-Hutniczą im. Stanislawa Staszica w Krakowie (dotacja podmiotowa na utrzymanie potencjalu badawczego 11/11.200.323).","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132906877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author of the paper demonstrates that in order to overcome contemporary developmental threats, it is necessary to shift towards a new model of the knowledge-based economy. The features of this model are compared with both the American model of the innovation-driven economy and the European model of the knowledge-based economy. Against this specific background, the drawbacks are presented of reforms carried out in the knowledge sector in Poland since 1990. The focus is placed on an analysis of the reforms in science and higher education implemented in Poland since late 2018. Despite the fact that it was based on recommendations of the new public management system, the author considers not only the strengths but also the weaknesses of the approach, and the fact that the latter may prove to be an obstacle in the modernisation of human capital, which is to effectively harmonise development goals in all spheres of human existence and activity. The author calls for the following solutions to limit the drawbacks referred to above: inviting an observer to the University Council in an advisory capacity, launching a path of individual-oriented interdisciplinary research grants, introducing a reliable process for the university and its organisational units to account for the actual implementation of previously declared programmes of scientific development, student teaching and transference of own achievements, mandating and standardisation of student appraisals in teaching programmes, development of a criterion matrix as a reference for promotions related to teaching achievements, enhancing the status of awards for teaching excellence, with obligatory and permanent monitoring of management procedures at universities in order to reduce bureaucracy.
{"title":"A new institutional orientation of the development of science, knowledge and human capital in Poland versus integrated development","authors":"Gabriel Woźniak, Michał","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the paper demonstrates that in order to overcome contemporary developmental threats, it is necessary to shift towards a new model of the knowledge-based economy. The features of this model are compared with both the American model of the innovation-driven economy and the European model of the knowledge-based economy. Against this specific background, the drawbacks are presented of reforms carried out in the knowledge sector in Poland since 1990. The focus is placed on an analysis of the reforms in science and higher education implemented in Poland since late 2018. Despite the fact that it was based on recommendations of the new public management system, the author considers not only the strengths but also the weaknesses of the approach, and the fact that the latter may prove to be an obstacle in the modernisation of human capital, which is to effectively harmonise development goals in all spheres of human existence and activity. The author calls for the following solutions to limit the drawbacks referred to above: inviting an observer to the University Council in an advisory capacity, launching a path of individual-oriented interdisciplinary research grants, introducing a reliable process for the university and its organisational units to account for the actual implementation of previously declared programmes of scientific development, student teaching and transference of own achievements, mandating and standardisation of student appraisals in teaching programmes, development of a criterion matrix as a reference for promotions related to teaching achievements, enhancing the status of awards for teaching excellence, with obligatory and permanent monitoring of management procedures at universities in order to reduce bureaucracy.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to measure the dispersion of the unit level of support, paid under the direct payment scheme, among voivodeships with a similar average agricultural holding size, and to identify the reasons for this dispersion. It begins with a description of the shape of the direct payments scheme in Poland. The paper further presents and analyses the results of the measurement of dispersion of support as part of the direct payment scheme between voivodeships with no significant differences in the sizes of agricultural holdings. It has been shown that this dispersion is a result of the differences in the structure of support absorbed by farmers in individual regions. The measurement of the support level is the average aid amount per unit of agricultural area and the average aid amount per one beneficiary. The source material used in this paper was the data from the Polish paying agency responsible for direct payments made to farmers, i.e. the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. The reference period of the study is 2018. As three voivodeships with the most similar average farm size were selected, the study covered Łódzkie, Śląskie and Lubelskie Voivodeships. The analysis was performed with the use of descriptive statistics methods. The data was visualised with the use of pie and bar charts, and a choropleth map. It was found that the instrument with a particularly strong potential for the impact on support level in absolute terms (per one holding) and relative terms (per 1 hectare of agricultural land in a holding) is the so called voluntary coupled support. With this instrument, European Union Member States can adjust the distribution of funds between individual regions, reducing the strength of a relationship between the volume of support absorbed by individual regions and their abundance in agricultural land. The intention of such actions may be to compensate for social inequalities or to stimulate growth in peripheral areas.
{"title":"Regional differentiation of direct support for farmers in Poland as exemplified by selected regions","authors":"A. Sadłowski","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2021.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2021.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to measure the dispersion of the unit level of support, paid under the direct payment scheme, among voivodeships with a similar average agricultural holding size, and to identify the reasons for this dispersion. It begins with a description of the shape of the direct payments scheme in Poland. The paper further presents and analyses the results of the measurement of dispersion of support as part of the direct payment scheme between voivodeships with no significant differences in the sizes of agricultural holdings. It has been shown that this dispersion is a result of the differences in the structure of support absorbed by farmers in individual regions. The measurement of the support level is the average aid amount per unit of agricultural area and the average aid amount per one beneficiary. The source material used in this paper was the data from the Polish paying agency responsible for direct payments made to farmers, i.e. the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. The reference period of the study is 2018. As three voivodeships with the most similar average farm size were selected, the study covered Łódzkie, Śląskie and Lubelskie Voivodeships. The analysis was performed with the use of descriptive statistics methods. The data was visualised with the use of pie and bar charts, and a choropleth map. It was found that the instrument with a particularly strong potential for the impact on support level in absolute terms (per one holding) and relative terms (per 1 hectare of agricultural land in a holding) is the so called voluntary coupled support. With this instrument, European Union Member States can adjust the distribution of funds between individual regions, reducing the strength of a relationship between the volume of support absorbed by individual regions and their abundance in agricultural land. The intention of such actions may be to compensate for social inequalities or to stimulate growth in peripheral areas.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the paper is to present the essence of customs handling in the context of sustainable development of enterprises and to discuss its selected instruments of a pro-ecological nature, i.e., e-customs services. Thus, with a view to achieving this objective, the research hypothesis has been formulated as follows: the so-called pro-ecological solutions for handling customs administrative procedures, being familiar with them and their practical application, not only influence the facilitation of export and import transactions, but can also stimulate sustainable development management of enterprises. The article includes a theoretical part, as well as a practical one, in which examples of e-customs services offered in customs handling and benefits resulting from their use are indicated. The findings of the considerations of the paper are presented in the conclusion. The research was based on descriptive and comparative analysis, preceded by a review of sources from the subject literature. In the author’s opinion, transferring selected elements of customs handling from traditional processing to the model which takes advantage of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) helps companies to implement the idea of sustainable development. Information technologies play a key role in reducing the negative impact on the environment, and their development has created numerous new opportunities for customs handling, which are used by customs authorities with increasing success. It is important that over the coming years, the development of e-services for customs handling is continued, thus not only contributing to an improvement of the quality of business services but also the implementation of other aspects that are also crucial from the point of view of sustainable development of enterprises.
{"title":"Customs handling and sustainable development of enterprises","authors":"Jowita Świerczyńska","doi":"10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2022.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to present the essence of customs handling in the context of sustainable development of enterprises and to discuss its selected instruments of a pro-ecological nature, i.e., e-customs services. Thus, with a view to achieving this objective, the research hypothesis has been formulated as follows: the so-called pro-ecological solutions for handling customs administrative procedures, being familiar with them and their practical application, not only influence the facilitation of export and import transactions, but can also stimulate sustainable development management of enterprises. The article includes a theoretical part, as well as a practical one, in which examples of e-customs services offered in customs handling and benefits resulting from their use are indicated. The findings of the considerations of the paper are presented in the conclusion. The research was based on descriptive and comparative analysis, preceded by a review of sources from the subject literature. In the author’s opinion, transferring selected elements of customs handling from traditional processing to the model which takes advantage of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) helps companies to implement the idea of sustainable development. Information technologies play a key role in reducing the negative impact on the environment, and their development has created numerous new opportunities for customs handling, which are used by customs authorities with increasing success. It is important that over the coming years, the development of e-services for customs handling is continued, thus not only contributing to an improvement of the quality of business services but also the implementation of other aspects that are also crucial from the point of view of sustainable development of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114381467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kształtowanie cywilizacji osoby jako warunek bezpieczeństwa człowieka na początku XXI wieku","authors":"K. Bochenek","doi":"10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/NSAWG.2019.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265236,"journal":{"name":"Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123737890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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