Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.068
Fei-juan Wen , Zhang Long , Zhi-guo Xing , Ben-sheng Huang , Dong-pan You
BaTiO3/CNTs composite coatings with CNTs of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 3.0 wt% were prepared by plasma spraying technology. Through material characterization methods such as SEM, XRD, Raman, and TEM, the microstructure of the surface and cross-section, phase composition, and the graphitization degree of carbon nanotubes of BaTiO3/CNTs composite coatings with different CNTs contents were comprehensively compared. The hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the composite coating were analyzed using the micron-indentation method to explore the improvement effect of CNTs doping on the mechanical properties of the coating and the toughening mechanism. The results show that with the increase of the additional amount of CNTs, the large cracks and microcracks penetrating the coating gradually decrease, but the pores significantly increase. The toughening effect of CNTs increases with the increase of the addition amount, revealing that its strengthening mechanism is CNTs bridging, CNTs protrusion, CNTs breaking and crack deflection. When the content of CNTs is 3.0 wt%, the elastic modulus continues to increase, but the increase is gentle, and the fracture toughness tends to be stable, indicating that the content of CNTs is excessive and its toughening effect gradually becomes less obvious.
{"title":"Mechanical properties improvement and toughness mechanism of barium titanate ceramic coatings with carbon nanotubes","authors":"Fei-juan Wen , Zhang Long , Zhi-guo Xing , Ben-sheng Huang , Dong-pan You","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/CNTs composite coatings with CNTs of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 3.0 wt% were prepared by plasma spraying technology. Through material characterization methods such as SEM, XRD, Raman, and TEM, the microstructure of the surface and cross-section, phase composition, and the graphitization degree of carbon nanotubes of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/CNTs composite coatings with different CNTs contents were comprehensively compared. The hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the composite coating were analyzed using the micron-indentation method to explore the improvement effect of CNTs doping on the mechanical properties of the coating and the toughening mechanism. The results show that with the increase of the additional amount of CNTs, the large cracks and microcracks penetrating the coating gradually decrease, but the pores significantly increase. The toughening effect of CNTs increases with the increase of the addition amount, revealing that its strengthening mechanism is CNTs bridging, CNTs protrusion, CNTs breaking and crack deflection. When the content of CNTs is 3.0 wt%, the elastic modulus continues to increase, but the increase is gentle, and the fracture toughness tends to be stable, indicating that the content of CNTs is excessive and its toughening effect gradually becomes less obvious.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2518-2528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.369
Zohre Ahmadi , Mehdi Shahedi Asl , Arash Faraji , Milad Bahamirian , Mohammad Farvizi
This study investigates the effectiveness of adding 10 wt% AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) to ZrB2 ceramics processed via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1900 °C for 7 min under 30 MPa. The monolithic ZrB2 exhibited a low relative density of 80 %. In contrast, the ZrB2-HEA composite achieved a remarkable high relative density of 98 %. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses revealed the in-situ formation of a thermodynamically favorable alumina (Al2O3) phase, resulting from the reaction of aluminum in the HEA with oxygen in the oxide impurities (ZrO2 and B2O3). This reaction not only removed harmful oxides but also generated fine ZrB2 particles to significantly promote densification. Furthermore, the uniform distribution and peak shifts in XRD indicated the solid solution formation of other HEA elements (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni) within the ZrB2 matrix, contributing to lattice strengthening. The composite showed improvements in mechanical properties: Vickers hardness increased from 8.4 GPa for monolithic ZrB2 to 13.5 GPa, and fracture toughness rose from 2.0 to 5.7 MPa m1/2. This enhanced toughness was attributed to multiple active toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection, crack bridging, and microcrack formation induced by the Al2O3 phase, leading to a beneficial shift towards transgranular fracture. The tribological tests also approved considerable wear resistance improvement in the composite sample. These findings highlight AlCoCrFeNi as a highly effective additive for overcoming the intrinsic limitations of ZrB2.
{"title":"Spark plasma sintering of a novel ZrB2-based ceramics with the addition of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy: Microstructural, mechanical, and tribological aspects","authors":"Zohre Ahmadi , Mehdi Shahedi Asl , Arash Faraji , Milad Bahamirian , Mohammad Farvizi","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of adding 10 wt% AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) to ZrB<sub>2</sub> ceramics processed via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1900 °C for 7 min under 30 MPa. The monolithic ZrB<sub>2</sub> exhibited a low relative density of 80 %. In contrast, the ZrB<sub>2</sub>-HEA composite achieved a remarkable high relative density of 98 %. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses revealed the in-situ formation of a thermodynamically favorable alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) phase, resulting from the reaction of aluminum in the HEA with oxygen in the oxide impurities (ZrO<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). This reaction not only removed harmful oxides but also generated fine ZrB<sub>2</sub> particles to significantly promote densification. Furthermore, the uniform distribution and peak shifts in XRD indicated the solid solution formation of other HEA elements (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni) within the ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix, contributing to lattice strengthening. The composite showed improvements in mechanical properties: Vickers hardness increased from 8.4 GPa for monolithic ZrB<sub>2</sub> to 13.5 GPa, and fracture toughness rose from 2.0 to 5.7 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>. This enhanced toughness was attributed to multiple active toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection, crack bridging, and microcrack formation induced by the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase, leading to a beneficial shift towards transgranular fracture. The tribological tests also approved considerable wear resistance improvement in the composite sample. These findings highlight AlCoCrFeNi as a highly effective additive for overcoming the intrinsic limitations of ZrB<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1619-1630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.401
Nuo Cheng , Xiaokai Liu , Wenyu Zhang , Xina Liang , Huiyu Zhang , Hetao Zhao , Jianhang Zhang , Yuanpei Yang , Wenhui Bi , Mingzhen Zhang , Yang Liu , Benshuang Sun , Jilin He
The electrolysis process parameters were optimized by Taguchi method combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the optimal level of the initial optimization of the Taguchi L16 array, the RSM model was then used to model and precisely determine the initial optimization level. The results show that the optimal value is the conductivity of 97.97 mS/cm, the current density of 12.96 A/dm2, and the electrode spacing of 68.66 mm. Under these conditions, the specific surface area and deposition rate reached 86.77 m2/g and 79.30 g/(dm2·h), respectively. Furthermore, the influence of different calcination temperatures (600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C) on the sintering behavior of SnO2 powders and resulting ceramics was investigated. It was found that the precursor calcined at 600 °C exhibited the lowest densification activation energy (110 kJ/mol) and yielded ceramics with mechanical properties, demonstrating a hardness of 194.32 HV, a bending strength of 57.79 MPa, and a density of 5.143 g/cm3.
{"title":"The sintering behavior of electrosynthesized SnO2 powders","authors":"Nuo Cheng , Xiaokai Liu , Wenyu Zhang , Xina Liang , Huiyu Zhang , Hetao Zhao , Jianhang Zhang , Yuanpei Yang , Wenhui Bi , Mingzhen Zhang , Yang Liu , Benshuang Sun , Jilin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrolysis process parameters were optimized by Taguchi method combined with response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the optimal level of the initial optimization of the Taguchi L16 array, the RSM model was then used to model and precisely determine the initial optimization level. The results show that the optimal value is the conductivity of 97.97 mS/cm, the current density of 12.96 A/dm<sup>2</sup>, and the electrode spacing of 68.66 mm. Under these conditions, the specific surface area and deposition rate reached 86.77 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 79.30 g/(dm<sup>2</sup>·h), respectively. Furthermore, the influence of different calcination temperatures (600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C) on the sintering behavior of SnO<sub>2</sub> powders and resulting ceramics was investigated. It was found that the precursor calcined at 600 °C exhibited the lowest densification activation energy (110 kJ/mol) and yielded ceramics with mechanical properties, demonstrating a hardness of 194.32 HV, a bending strength of 57.79 MPa, and a density of 5.143 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1655-1668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.410
Zhanchong Zhao , Youyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Li , Yuying Wen , Wenjun Zhang , Xianhui Li , Xiaolei Ma
Ti3AlC2, a MAX-phase ceramic, is a promising candidate for impellers in Generation-IV lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), but conventional methods like hot-pressing and machining hinder scalability due to high material waste and microcracks. This study presents a near-net-shape method combining aqueous gelcasting with Al-rich pressureless sintering to fabricate large-scale, complex-shaped Ti3AlC2 impellers.
Optimized slurry and sintering parameters yield isotropic shrinkage (average 25.12 % from wet to sintered state) and high phase purity, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals dense microstructures (relative density ≥96 %) with CeO2-refined gradient grain sizes. Mechanical tests show average density of 4.01 g/cm3, Vickers hardness of 502.6 HV, flexural strength of 281 MPa, and fracture toughness of 4.86 MPa m1/2, with low coefficients of variation indicating uniformity. Finite element analysis (FEA) under idle conditions (up to 10,000 rpm) indicates maximum von Mises stress of 170.5 MPa (safety factor 1.54) and centrifugal stiffening, increasing natural frequencies by 45–50 %. This scalable route advances MAX-phase impellers for LFRs, supporting further liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion studies.
{"title":"Large-scale and complex-shaped Ti3AlC2 ceramic impellers via gelcasting and Al-rich pressureless sintering","authors":"Zhanchong Zhao , Youyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Li , Yuying Wen , Wenjun Zhang , Xianhui Li , Xiaolei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>, a MAX-phase ceramic, is a promising candidate for impellers in Generation-IV lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), but conventional methods like hot-pressing and machining hinder scalability due to high material waste and microcracks. This study presents a near-net-shape method combining aqueous gelcasting with Al-rich pressureless sintering to fabricate large-scale, complex-shaped Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> impellers.</div><div>Optimized slurry and sintering parameters yield isotropic shrinkage (average 25.12 % from wet to sintered state) and high phase purity, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals dense microstructures (relative density ≥96 %) with CeO<sub>2</sub>-refined gradient grain sizes. Mechanical tests show average density of 4.01 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, Vickers hardness of 502.6 HV, flexural strength of 281 MPa, and fracture toughness of 4.86 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>, with low coefficients of variation indicating uniformity. Finite element analysis (FEA) under idle conditions (up to 10,000 rpm) indicates maximum von Mises stress of 170.5 MPa (safety factor 1.54) and centrifugal stiffening, increasing natural frequencies by 45–50 %. This scalable route advances MAX-phase impellers for LFRs, supporting further liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1679-1693"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.427
Andrei V. Orlov , Aleksandr Ketov , Fu Liu , Kangming Jin , Xinwei Jiang , Shaodong Wang , Yabin Li
Low-melting-point liquid-phase sintering (LPS) additives are critical for enhancing densification, structural integrity, and energy efficiency in sustainable brick manufacturing. This study evaluates two LPS systems—BaCuO2–CuO and a BaB4O7–BaB8O13 eutectic mixture—as sintering aids for shale–coal gangue ceramics under both laboratory and industrial tunnel kiln conditions. Performance was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bulk density, porosity, and compressive strength measurements. Both systems improved microstructural development above 950 °C in lab trials. However, only BaB4O7–BaB8O13 remained effective under reducing kiln atmospheres due to its lower eutectic melting point (∼869 °C) and chemical stability. In contrast, BaCuO2–CuO was deactivated by CuO reduction, inhibiting liquid-phase formation. A pilot-scale trial using 2 wt% BaB4O7–BaB8O13 demonstrated a 157 % increase in compressive strength (90 MPa vs. 35 MPa) and an 8 % reduction in porosity, validating its industrial applicability. These findings establish BaB4O7–BaB8O13 as a cost-effective, scalable solution for low-carbon ceramic manufacturing.
{"title":"Redox-stable BaB4O7–BaB8O13 eutectic for low-temperature sintering of shale–coal gangue ceramic bricks: From lab-scale synthesis to pilot-scale validation","authors":"Andrei V. Orlov , Aleksandr Ketov , Fu Liu , Kangming Jin , Xinwei Jiang , Shaodong Wang , Yabin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-melting-point liquid-phase sintering (LPS) additives are critical for enhancing densification, structural integrity, and energy efficiency in sustainable brick manufacturing. This study evaluates two LPS systems—BaCuO<sub>2</sub>–CuO and a BaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–BaB<sub>8</sub>O<sub>13</sub> eutectic mixture—as sintering aids for shale–coal gangue ceramics under both laboratory and industrial tunnel kiln conditions. Performance was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bulk density, porosity, and compressive strength measurements. Both systems improved microstructural development above 950 °C in lab trials. However, only BaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–BaB<sub>8</sub>O<sub>13</sub> remained effective under reducing kiln atmospheres due to its lower eutectic melting point (∼869 °C) and chemical stability. In contrast, BaCuO<sub>2</sub>–CuO was deactivated by CuO reduction, inhibiting liquid-phase formation. A pilot-scale trial using 2 wt% BaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–BaB<sub>8</sub>O<sub>13</sub> demonstrated a 157 % increase in compressive strength (90 MPa vs. 35 MPa) and an 8 % reduction in porosity, validating its industrial applicability. These findings establish BaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–BaB<sub>8</sub>O<sub>13</sub> as a cost-effective, scalable solution for low-carbon ceramic manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1726-1738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.023
Thandi E. Mazibuko, Edward Lee, Lucas B. Erasmus, David E. Motaung, Hendrik C. Swart
The aim of this study is to develop and characterize garnet-type Ca2YZr2Al3O12:Eu3+ red-emitting phosphors, obtained through a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction. They exhibit exceptional luminescence performance under near-UV excitation, a property that has not been widely explored in white light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. The use of the Ca2YZr2Al3O12 garnet structure as a host for Eu3+ doping is novel and contributes to expanding the range of garnet-based red phosphors. The optimized sample (x = 0.48 mol fraction) exhibited chromaticity coordinates of (0.635, 0.365), a good photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 60 %, and a high color purity of 92.94 %, surpassing many conventional red phosphors. The phosphors exhibit a broad and intense excitation band around 393 nm, making them highly compatible with near-UV chips used in WLED systems. This addresses a key challenge in phosphor-converted WLED technology. The study reveals efficient energy transfer mechanisms and intense red emissions across multiple Eu3+ transitions, with emission peaking at 609 nm—a wavelength ideal for enhancing the red component in WLEDs. Additionally, the results suggested the presence of Zr.Y and V’’’Al defects that acted as electron and hole traps in the host, resulting in abnormal thermal quenching behaviour. This work introduces a new, efficient red phosphor material specifically designed for n-UV-excited tricolor WLEDs, offering improvements in color rendering and thermal stability that are essential for next-generation solid-state lighting.
{"title":"Structure, photoluminescence, and abnormal quenching behaviour of Ca2Y1-xZr2(AlO4)3:xEu3+red-emitting phosphors for n-UV LEDs","authors":"Thandi E. Mazibuko, Edward Lee, Lucas B. Erasmus, David E. Motaung, Hendrik C. Swart","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to develop and characterize garnet-type Ca<sub>2</sub>YZr<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> red-emitting phosphors, obtained through a traditional high-temperature solid-state reaction. They exhibit exceptional luminescence performance under near-UV excitation, a property that has not been widely explored in white light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. The use of the Ca<sub>2</sub>YZr<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> garnet structure as a host for Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping is novel and contributes to expanding the range of garnet-based red phosphors. The optimized sample (x = 0.48 mol fraction) exhibited chromaticity coordinates of (0.635, 0.365), a good photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 60 %, and a high color purity of 92.94 %, surpassing many conventional red phosphors. The phosphors exhibit a broad and intense excitation band around 393 nm, making them highly compatible with near-UV chips used in WLED systems. This addresses a key challenge in phosphor-converted WLED technology. The study reveals efficient energy transfer mechanisms and intense red emissions across multiple Eu<sup>3+</sup> transitions, with emission peaking at 609 nm—a wavelength ideal for enhancing the red component in WLEDs. Additionally, the results suggested the presence of Zr<strong><sup>.</sup></strong><sub>Y</sub> and V<sup>’’’</sup><sub>Al</sub> defects that acted as electron and hole traps in the host, resulting in abnormal thermal quenching behaviour. This work introduces a new, efficient red phosphor material specifically designed for n-UV-excited tricolor WLEDs, offering improvements in color rendering and thermal stability that are essential for next-generation solid-state lighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2008-2023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.039
Jian Huang , Ziqi Xu , Zhiyan Chen , Zhenxuan Liu , Yirong Huang , Xuerong Wang , Kun Du , Guangming Yuan
Developing electromagnetic wave absorption material with high-temperature stability in air is important but challenging, due to the high-temperature oxidation-induced performance degradation. Herein, we synthesized SiC-encapsulated FeSiMn alloy through pyrolyzing a FeSiMn alloy precursor coated with polycarbosilane. Particularly, FeSiMn@SiC composites exhibited the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance when the pyrolysis temperature is 1100 °C, with more than −20 dB absorption in S, C, X, and Ku bands, and the minimum reflection loss reaches −44.29 dB when the thickness is only 1.8 mm, and the effective bandwidth reaches 4.79 GHz. In addition, the RCS simulation verified that the RCS reduction can reach −29.29 dBm2, especially for FeSiMn@SiC-1100, the RCS is completely below −20 dBm2 in the range of incidence angle from −60° to 60°. XRD and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that FeSiMn@SiC retains structure integrity even after annealing at 900 °C in air, because the SiC encapsulation effectively protects the FeSiMn alloy core from oxidation. Therefore, after annealing at 900 °C for 8 h in air, FeSiMn@SiC exhibits superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −57.2 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm, representing the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. This work proposes a feasible core-shell encapsulation strategy to develop high-temperature-enduring electromagnetic wave absorbers for harsh oxidizing environments.
{"title":"Construction of SiC coating on FeSiMn surface via PCS pyrolysis: Enabling high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption and enhancing high-temperature-stability","authors":"Jian Huang , Ziqi Xu , Zhiyan Chen , Zhenxuan Liu , Yirong Huang , Xuerong Wang , Kun Du , Guangming Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing electromagnetic wave absorption material with high-temperature stability in air is important but challenging, due to the high-temperature oxidation-induced performance degradation. Herein, we synthesized SiC-encapsulated FeSiMn alloy through pyrolyzing a FeSiMn alloy precursor coated with polycarbosilane. Particularly, FeSiMn@SiC composites exhibited the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance when the pyrolysis temperature is 1100 °C, with more than −20 dB absorption in S, C, X, and Ku bands, and the minimum reflection loss reaches −44.29 dB when the thickness is only 1.8 mm, and the effective bandwidth reaches 4.79 GHz. In addition, the RCS simulation verified that the RCS reduction can reach −29.29 dBm<sup>2</sup>, especially for FeSiMn@SiC-1100, the RCS is completely below −20 dBm<sup>2</sup> in the range of incidence angle from −60° to 60°. XRD and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that FeSiMn@SiC retains structure integrity even after annealing at 900 °C in air, because the SiC encapsulation effectively protects the FeSiMn alloy core from oxidation. Therefore, after annealing at 900 °C for 8 h in air, FeSiMn@SiC exhibits superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −57.2 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm, representing the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. This work proposes a feasible core-shell encapsulation strategy to develop high-temperature-enduring electromagnetic wave absorbers for harsh oxidizing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2173-2182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.062
Zexi Sun , Qian Li , Wenbin Sun , Ziyang Xiang , Xiaojie Liu , Shenghua Ma
The dielectric layer is an important component of thick film circuits on metal substrates, which plays a role in insulation and protection on stainless steel substrates. This study enhances the electrical and mechanical properties of the dielectric layer by surface modifying glass phase with silane coupling agent. During the printing and sintering processes, the paste prepared from glass phase exhibited appropriate flowability on the 430 stainless steel substrate. The rheological properties of the paste and the breakdown voltage of the dielectric layer were measured using rheometer and voltage source. Furthermore, the thermal shock resistance and external impact resistance of the dielectric layer were assessed. The experimental results showed that the breakdown voltage of the dielectric layer treated with silane coupling agent on the surface is enhanced, reaching 109.43 V/μm. The ability to resist external impact and thermal shock has been correspondingly improved.
{"title":"Silane coupling agent adjusts sintering of glass phase characteristics to enhance the protective ability of stainless steel dielectric layer","authors":"Zexi Sun , Qian Li , Wenbin Sun , Ziyang Xiang , Xiaojie Liu , Shenghua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dielectric layer is an important component of thick film circuits on metal substrates, which plays a role in insulation and protection on stainless steel substrates. This study enhances the electrical and mechanical properties of the dielectric layer by surface modifying glass phase with silane coupling agent. During the printing and sintering processes, the paste prepared from glass phase exhibited appropriate flowability on the 430 stainless steel substrate. The rheological properties of the paste and the breakdown voltage of the dielectric layer were measured using rheometer and voltage source. Furthermore, the thermal shock resistance and external impact resistance of the dielectric layer were assessed. The experimental results showed that the breakdown voltage of the dielectric layer treated with silane coupling agent on the surface is enhanced, reaching 109.43 V/μm. The ability to resist external impact and thermal shock has been correspondingly improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2449-2458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the green synthesis of magnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs) via a sol-gel method assisted by rosemary leaf extract, which served as a natural reducing, chelating, capping, and stabilizing agent. The phytochemical-assisted route enabled the formation of uniform, single-phase spinel ZnFe2O4 with quasi-spherical morphology and nanoscale sizes (4–23 nm), as confirmed by XRD, SEM/EDX, and TEM/HRTEM analyses. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed a narrowed band gap of 2.35 eV, enhancing visible-light absorption, while VSM measurements indicated superparamagnetic behavior, facilitating catalyst recovery and reuse. BET surface area analysis showed a specific surface area of 94.185 m2/g, confirming the high porosity and providing abundant active sites for photocatalytic reactions. The photocatalytic activity of the biosynthesized ZnFe2O4 was evaluated for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye under natural sunlight. Complete decolorization (100 %) was achieved within 60 min, with the catalyst maintaining high efficiency over three consecutive cycles. This performance was obtained without doping, composite formation, or external oxidants, underscoring the effectiveness of rosemary-assisted synthesis in enhancing surface area and photocatalytic activity. The novelty of this work lies in integrating rosemary phytochemicals into the sol–gel process to tailor the structural, optical, magnetic, and surface properties of ZnFe2O4, enabling rapid and sustainable dye degradation under direct sunlight. These findings highlight a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective route for developing reusable ferrite photocatalysts for solar-driven wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Sol-gel biosynthesis of magnetic spinel zinc ferrite nanoparticles ZnFe2O4 using rosemary leaf extract for sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye","authors":"Meriem Bouchenak , Khalida Boutemak , Ahmed Haddad , Belgassim Boutra","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the green synthesis of magnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) via a sol-gel method assisted by rosemary leaf extract, which served as a natural reducing, chelating, capping, and stabilizing agent. The phytochemical-assisted route enabled the formation of uniform, single-phase spinel ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with quasi-spherical morphology and nanoscale sizes (4–23 nm), as confirmed by XRD, SEM/EDX, and TEM/HRTEM analyses. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed a narrowed band gap of 2.35 eV, enhancing visible-light absorption, while VSM measurements indicated superparamagnetic behavior, facilitating catalyst recovery and reuse. BET surface area analysis showed a specific surface area of 94.185 m<sup>2</sup>/g, confirming the high porosity and providing abundant active sites for photocatalytic reactions. The photocatalytic activity of the biosynthesized ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was evaluated for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye under natural sunlight. Complete decolorization (100 %) was achieved within 60 min, with the catalyst maintaining high efficiency over three consecutive cycles. This performance was obtained without doping, composite formation, or external oxidants, underscoring the effectiveness of rosemary-assisted synthesis in enhancing surface area and photocatalytic activity. The novelty of this work lies in integrating rosemary phytochemicals into the sol–gel process to tailor the structural, optical, magnetic, and surface properties of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, enabling rapid and sustainable dye degradation under direct sunlight. These findings highlight a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective route for developing reusable ferrite photocatalysts for solar-driven wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2481-2493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.073
Wisal Ahmad , Roman Shah , Dilaram Khan , Javed Ali Khan , Noor S. Shah , Abdulaziz Al-Anazi , Changseok Han
In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and investigated for removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and hydrogen production. Optical, electronic, morphological, and structural characteristics of N-TiO2 were investigated through UV-DRS, PL, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDX, and BET. N doping improved the characteristics of TiO2 as indicated by BET surface area of 115.5 m2 g−1 for N-TiO2 compared to 72.6 m2 g−1 for pristine TiO2. Besides, N doping reduced the bandgap of TiO2 from 3.2 eV to 2.8 eV (for N-TiO2). Moreover, N-TiO2 demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of CBZ, achieving degradation efficiency of 88.1 and 99.1 % under visible and UV irradiation, respectively. The degradation process was conducted under the reaction conditions of: [CBZ]0 = 10 mg/L, [N-TiO2]0 = 0.7 g/L, pH = 5.0, reaction time = 300 min and temperature = 25 °C. Thermodynamic study reveals that the degradation process is endothermic and spontaneous, highlighting the feasibility of the reaction. Degradation products were analyzed to establish degradation pathways, and estimated their ecotoxicity using the ECOSAR program. Moreover, N-TiO2 effectively produced hydrogen under visible light, achieving hydrogen evolution rate of 354 μmol h−1 g−1 using Pt (0.2 wt %) as a co-catalyst. These results indicate that nitrogen doping can modify the electronic structure and surface properties of TiO2, improving the separation of charge carries and increasing the active sites, making N-TiO2 as an effective photocatalyst for environmental remediation and green energy production.
{"title":"Enhanced visible-light driven degradation of carbamazepine and hydrogen evolution using nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Wisal Ahmad , Roman Shah , Dilaram Khan , Javed Ali Khan , Noor S. Shah , Abdulaziz Al-Anazi , Changseok Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (N-TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and investigated for removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and hydrogen production. Optical, electronic, morphological, and structural characteristics of N-TiO<sub>2</sub> were investigated through UV-DRS, PL, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDX, and BET. N doping improved the characteristics of TiO<sub>2</sub> as indicated by BET surface area of 115.5 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for N-TiO<sub>2</sub> compared to 72.6 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>. Besides, N doping reduced the bandgap of TiO<sub>2</sub> from 3.2 eV to 2.8 eV (for N-TiO<sub>2</sub>). Moreover, N-TiO<sub>2</sub> demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of CBZ, achieving degradation efficiency of 88.1 and 99.1 % under visible and UV irradiation, respectively. The degradation process was conducted under the reaction conditions of: [CBZ]<sub>0</sub> = 10 mg/L, [N-TiO<sub>2</sub>]<sub>0</sub> = 0.7 g/L, pH = 5.0, reaction time = 300 min and temperature = 25 °C. Thermodynamic study reveals that the degradation process is endothermic and spontaneous, highlighting the feasibility of the reaction. Degradation products were analyzed to establish degradation pathways, and estimated their ecotoxicity using the ECOSAR program. Moreover, N-TiO<sub>2</sub> effectively produced hydrogen under visible light, achieving hydrogen evolution rate of 354 μmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> using Pt (0.2 wt %) as a co-catalyst. These results indicate that nitrogen doping can modify the electronic structure and surface properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>, improving the separation of charge carries and increasing the active sites, making N-TiO<sub>2</sub> as an effective photocatalyst for environmental remediation and green energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2552-2567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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