Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.354
Xiao-Nan Zhou , Mu-Lun Wu , Xu Hao , Jia-Xin Li , Yu Song , Biao Zhang , Zhi-Lei Wei , Jian-Feng Yang , Bo Wang , Kozo Ishizaki
Hollow spherical SiC ceramics exhibit significant potential as multifunctional and structural materials. Herein, the β-SiC hollow spheres were synthesized by in-situ vapor-solid reaction (carbothermal reduction) between mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and SiO vapor generated from SiO powders, and subsequent removal of the residual carbon cores by oxidization. The diameter of SiC hollow spheres accurately inherits the size of pristine MCMB, demonstrating a shape memory effect. Meanwhile, the shell thickness of SiC hollow sphere can be autonomously regulated from 0.46 to 3.87 μm by adjusting the siliconization degree (corresponding to the content of SiO). In addition, a variety of characterizations were used to describe the phase and structure of SiC hollow spheres, confirming their high-purity. The SiC hollow spheres also exhibit a high specific surface area of 4.21 m2 g−1 and good thermal stability. This technique presents a new paradigm in the preparation of hollow spheres.
{"title":"Synthesis of β-SiC hollow spheres with tunable shell thickness by in-situ carbothermal reduction","authors":"Xiao-Nan Zhou , Mu-Lun Wu , Xu Hao , Jia-Xin Li , Yu Song , Biao Zhang , Zhi-Lei Wei , Jian-Feng Yang , Bo Wang , Kozo Ishizaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hollow spherical SiC ceramics exhibit significant potential as multifunctional and structural materials. Herein, the β-SiC hollow spheres were synthesized by in-situ vapor-solid reaction (carbothermal reduction) between mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and SiO vapor generated from SiO powders, and subsequent removal of the residual carbon cores by oxidization. The diameter of SiC hollow spheres accurately inherits the size of pristine MCMB, demonstrating a shape memory effect. Meanwhile, the shell thickness of SiC hollow sphere can be autonomously regulated from 0.46 to 3.87 μm by adjusting the siliconization degree (corresponding to the content of SiO). In addition, a variety of characterizations were used to describe the phase and structure of SiC hollow spheres, confirming their high-purity. The SiC hollow spheres also exhibit a high specific surface area of 4.21 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and good thermal stability. This technique presents a new paradigm in the preparation of hollow spheres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1600-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.437
Qun Cai , Xuhai Zhang , Fei Xu , Xuebing Bai , Jianguo Qian , Yuqiao Zeng , Jianqing Jiang
Aircraft compressor blades are highly susceptible to severe erosion from dust and sand particles carried by high-velocity airflow. Applying surface protective coatings has proven to be an effective approach to significantly improve their erosion resistance. In this work, TiAlN/TiZrHfNb multilayer coatings with a soft/hard alternating laminated structure were deposited on titanium alloys by hybrid high-power impulsed and direct current magnetron co-sputtering (HiPIMS/DCMS). The effect of the modulation ratio (λ = 1, 2, 4, 8) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and erosion resistance of the multilayer films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that TiZrHfNb exhibits a preferred (110) orientation, which increasingly dominates the film's growth as the modulation ratio decreases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the multilayer film consists of alternating dense, columnar face-centered cubic (FCC) TiAlN sublayers and nanocrystalline body-centered cubic (BCC) TiZrHfNb sublayers. Coating hardness increased from 24.20 to 35.05 GPa with increasing λ, while indentation toughness peaked at 4.38 MPa m1/2 for λ = 2, indicating that mechanical properties are mainly governed by the relative volume fractions of the TiAlN and TiZrHfNb sublayers. Erosion tests revealed a non-monotonic trend in multilayer film erosion rates with decreasing λ. The M2 coating (λ = 4) showed the lowest rates (0.29 ± 0.013 mg/g at 30°; 0.30 ± 0.021 mg/g at 90°), demonstrating superior erosion resistance due to high hardness, balanced toughness, and strong coherent interfaces. In addition, erosion failure mechanisms under different impact angles were analyzed.
{"title":"Sand particle erosion resistance of alternating TiAlN/TiZrHfNb multilayer films deposited by HiPIMS/DCMS","authors":"Qun Cai , Xuhai Zhang , Fei Xu , Xuebing Bai , Jianguo Qian , Yuqiao Zeng , Jianqing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aircraft compressor blades are highly susceptible to severe erosion from dust and sand particles carried by high-velocity airflow. Applying surface protective coatings has proven to be an effective approach to significantly improve their erosion resistance. In this work, TiAlN/TiZrHfNb multilayer coatings with a soft/hard alternating laminated structure were deposited on titanium alloys by hybrid high-power impulsed and direct current magnetron co-sputtering (HiPIMS/DCMS). The effect of the modulation ratio (λ = 1, 2, 4, 8) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and erosion resistance of the multilayer films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that TiZrHfNb exhibits a preferred (110) orientation, which increasingly dominates the film's growth as the modulation ratio decreases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the multilayer film consists of alternating dense, columnar face-centered cubic (FCC) TiAlN sublayers and nanocrystalline body-centered cubic (BCC) TiZrHfNb sublayers. Coating hardness increased from 24.20 to 35.05 GPa with increasing λ, while indentation toughness peaked at 4.38 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> for λ = 2, indicating that mechanical properties are mainly governed by the relative volume fractions of the TiAlN and TiZrHfNb sublayers. Erosion tests revealed a non-monotonic trend in multilayer film erosion rates with decreasing λ. The M2 coating (λ = 4) showed the lowest rates (0.29 ± 0.013 mg/g at 30°; 0.30 ± 0.021 mg/g at 90°), demonstrating superior erosion resistance due to high hardness, balanced toughness, and strong coherent interfaces. In addition, erosion failure mechanisms under different impact angles were analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1781-1793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.445
Sarvesha Chandra Shyagathur , Abhishek Hiremath , Jayadev Pattar , Sreekanth R , Mahendra K , H.N. Anil Rao
Incorporating carbon-based materials like rGO and g-C3N4 into metal chalcogenides is considered an effective way to boost photocatalytic performance for its capability to decelerate the electron-hole pair recombination upon excitation. In the current work, Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) nanospheres and ZnS/rGO, ZnS/g-C3N4 and ZnS/rGO/g-C3N4 composites were synthesised via the hydrothermal method. Several techniques were used to analyze the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition properties of the synthesised materials. Under visible light, these materials demonstrated exceptional performance in the photo degradation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye. Among the composite materials, ternary ZnS/rGO/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the highest degradation efficiencies for CV (96.7 %) within a timeframe of 70 min. The photocatalytic performance of the catalysts was assessed across various dye concentrations, catalyst load and different pH conditions. The exceptional photocatalytic performance of the composite materials can be attributed primarily to the efficient separation and migration of holes and electrons via well-contacted interfaces. Free radical capture experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide ion radicals (O•2-) play crucial roles in the reaction process. The ternary composite exhibited a Z-scheme degradation mechanism investigated by band-edge potential analysis, supported by PL spectra and the Tauc plot. Therefore, the ternary composite ZnS/rGO/g-C3N4 is proven to be a potential catalyst for the degradation of CV dye in wastewater treatment applications.
{"title":"Visible light harvesting using ZnS/rGO/g-C3N4 heterojunction for crystal violet dye degradation: kinetic and mechanistic insights","authors":"Sarvesha Chandra Shyagathur , Abhishek Hiremath , Jayadev Pattar , Sreekanth R , Mahendra K , H.N. Anil Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating carbon-based materials like rGO and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> into metal chalcogenides is considered an effective way to boost photocatalytic performance for its capability to decelerate the electron-hole pair recombination upon excitation. In the current work, Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) nanospheres and ZnS/rGO, ZnS/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and ZnS/rGO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composites were synthesised via the hydrothermal method. Several techniques were used to analyze the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition properties of the synthesised materials. Under visible light, these materials demonstrated exceptional performance in the photo degradation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye. Among the composite materials, ternary ZnS/rGO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite exhibited the highest degradation efficiencies for CV (96.7 %) within a timeframe of 70 min. The photocatalytic performance of the catalysts was assessed across various dye concentrations, catalyst load and different pH conditions. The exceptional photocatalytic performance of the composite materials can be attributed primarily to the efficient separation and migration of holes and electrons via well-contacted interfaces. Free radical capture experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide ion radicals (O<sup>•2-</sup>) play crucial roles in the reaction process. The ternary composite exhibited a Z-scheme degradation mechanism investigated by band-edge potential analysis, supported by PL spectra and the Tauc plot. Therefore, the ternary composite ZnS/rGO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is proven to be a potential catalyst for the degradation of CV dye in wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1818-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.390
M. Jalili , M. Khajeh Aminian , F. Shahsavari
A yellow ceramic pigment based on Cr-doped calcium aluminate was synthesized using a cost-effective solid-state method. Al2O3, CaCO3, and Cr2O3 powders were homogenized in distilled water, dried, and calcined at 1200 and 1300 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of crystalline phases of Ca4Al6CrO16, and the average crystallite size was estimated using the Williamson–Hall method, ranging from 83 to 166 nm. SEM analysis of the pigments revealed an average particle size ranging from 390 to 640 nm for all samples. UV–Vis spectroscopy and CIE L∗a∗b∗ colorimetry indicated a strong yellow color with a value of 55 for b∗. The pigments were formulated into ceramic inks via planetary ball milling and applied to glazed ceramic surfaces using screen printing, followed by firing at 1120 °C. Printed samples were further characterized by SEM, UV–Vis and colorimetry, revealed an increase in average particle size with a reduction of yellow color intensity, likely due to agglomeration or interaction with the glaze. Nano-scratch testing indicated good mechanical integrity of the printed pigment layer, confirming good color stability and adhesion. These results demonstrate the potential of Cr-doped calcium aluminate as a durable yellow pigment for ceramic applications.
采用高性价比的固态法制备了一种以掺铬铝酸钙为基料的黄色陶瓷颜料。Al2O3， CaCO3和Cr2O3粉末在蒸馏水中均质，干燥，并在1200和1300℃下煅烧。采用Rietveld细化的x射线衍射（XRD）证实了Ca4Al6CrO16结晶相的形成，并利用Williamson-Hall法估计了平均晶粒尺寸，范围为83 ~ 166 nm。SEM分析表明，所有样品的平均粒径在390 ~ 640 nm之间。紫外-可见光谱法和CIE L * a * b *比色法表明，b *的值为55，呈强烈的黄色。颜料通过行星球磨制成陶瓷油墨，并通过丝网印刷应用于釉面陶瓷表面，然后在1120°C下烧制。通过SEM、UV-Vis和比色法对印刷样品进行进一步表征，发现平均粒径增加，黄色强度降低，可能是由于结块或与釉的相互作用。纳米划痕测试表明，印刷颜料层具有良好的机械完整性，具有良好的颜色稳定性和附着力。这些结果证明了掺铬铝酸钙作为陶瓷中耐用黄色颜料的潜力。
{"title":"Synthesis and study the physical properties of calcium aluminate compound doped by chromium atoms as a yellow ceramic pigment","authors":"M. Jalili , M. Khajeh Aminian , F. Shahsavari","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A yellow ceramic pigment based on Cr-doped calcium aluminate was synthesized using a cost-effective solid-state method. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders were homogenized in distilled water, dried, and calcined at 1200 and 1300 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of crystalline phases of Ca<sub>4</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>CrO<sub>16</sub>, and the average crystallite size was estimated using the Williamson–Hall method, ranging from 83 to 166 nm. SEM analysis of the pigments revealed an average particle size ranging from 390 to 640 nm for all samples. UV–Vis spectroscopy and CIE L∗a∗b∗ colorimetry indicated a strong yellow color with a value of 55 for b∗. The pigments were formulated into ceramic inks via planetary ball milling and applied to glazed ceramic surfaces using screen printing, followed by firing at 1120 °C. Printed samples were further characterized by SEM, UV–Vis and colorimetry, revealed an increase in average particle size with a reduction of yellow color intensity, likely due to agglomeration or interaction with the glaze. Nano-scratch testing indicated good mechanical integrity of the printed pigment layer, confirming good color stability and adhesion. These results demonstrate the potential of Cr-doped calcium aluminate as a durable yellow pigment for ceramic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1631-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.017
V. Rama Devi , D. Balaganesh , Gitesh Choudhari , Goutham Cilaveni , Venkataramana Kasarapu , Rapaka S.C. Bose , Sarmistha Das , Pavan Kumar Naini , Saurabh Singh
Strongly correlated electron systems exhibit multicomponent physical properties owing to the coupling of spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedoms. Doping of both magnetic and non-magnetic elements tailors the inherent physical properties of the parent compound by significantly modifying the crystal lattice as well as the spin states of the dopant sites. Understanding the structure-property relationship provides a deeper insight into the physical properties of both parent and doped systems. In the current study, we explore the structural studies and dielectric studies of Calcium (Ca) and Manganese (Mn) doped SrTiO3 compounds with the compositional formula Sr1-xCaxTi1-yMnyO3 (x and y = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20). Solid-state reaction technique is used to synthesize these perovskite crystalline compounds. The X-ray diffraction revealed a doping-induced phase transition in the Sr1-xCaxTi1-yMnyO3 system, with low concentrations (x, y ≤ 0.05) remaining cubic Pm-3m (Space group No. 221) and higher concentrations (x, y = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) exhibiting two-phase coexistence of the cubic and the distorted tetragonal I4/mcm (Space group No. 140) structures. Lattice parameters were estimated from Rietveld refinement method implemented in the Fullprof software. SEM images confirmed the dense microstructure of the compounds. Room temperature Raman spectra showed several peaks were spotted at 80-480 cm−1, 515- 750 cm−1 range, 1026 cm−1. Raman experiments provide evidence of the structural transformation in the doped compounds. Dielectric studies revealed that substitutions of Ca and Mn reduce the leakage currents and enhance the electrical behavior of the prepared compounds. From Cole-Cole plots, the electrical response is dominated by grain resistance. AC conductivity is also examined and analyzed for its practical applicability in electronic device applications.
{"title":"Effect of symmetrical Ca/Mn co-doping on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of SrTiO3","authors":"V. Rama Devi , D. Balaganesh , Gitesh Choudhari , Goutham Cilaveni , Venkataramana Kasarapu , Rapaka S.C. Bose , Sarmistha Das , Pavan Kumar Naini , Saurabh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strongly correlated electron systems exhibit multicomponent physical properties owing to the coupling of spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedoms. Doping of both magnetic and non-magnetic elements tailors the inherent physical properties of the parent compound by significantly modifying the crystal lattice as well as the spin states of the dopant sites. Understanding the structure-property relationship provides a deeper insight into the physical properties of both parent and doped systems. In the current study, we explore the structural studies and dielectric studies of Calcium (Ca) and Manganese (Mn) doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> compounds with the compositional formula Sr<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Ca<em><sub>x</sub></em>Ti<sub>1-<em>y</em></sub>Mn<sub><em>y</em></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<em>x</em> and <em>y</em> = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20). Solid-state reaction technique is used to synthesize these perovskite crystalline compounds. The X-ray diffraction revealed a doping-induced phase transition in the Sr<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Ca<em><sub>x</sub></em>Ti<sub>1-<em>y</em></sub>Mn<sub><em>y</em></sub>O<sub>3</sub> system, with low concentrations (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em> ≤ 0.05) remaining cubic <em>Pm-3m</em> (Space group No. 221) and higher concentrations (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em> = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) exhibiting two-phase coexistence of the cubic and the distorted tetragonal <em>I4/mcm</em> (Space group No. 140) structures. Lattice parameters were estimated from Rietveld refinement method implemented in the Fullprof software. SEM images confirmed the dense microstructure of the compounds. Room temperature Raman spectra showed several peaks were spotted at <span><math><mrow><mo>̴</mo></mrow></math></span> 80-480 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 515- 750 cm<sup>−1</sup> range, 1026 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Raman experiments provide evidence of the structural transformation in the doped compounds. Dielectric studies revealed that substitutions of Ca and Mn reduce the leakage currents and enhance the electrical behavior of the prepared compounds. From Cole-Cole plots, the electrical response is dominated by grain resistance. AC conductivity is also examined and analyzed for its practical applicability in electronic device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1958-1971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.045
Nguyen Quang Huy , Tien Le , An T. Pham , Anh D. Truong , Vuong Thi Anh Hong , Tuson Park , Nguyen Hong Nam , Nguyen Thu Phuong , Phuong Thu Le , Le Viet Cuong , M. Doğruer , Phong V. Pham , Duc H. Tran
This study investigates the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles on the structural and superconducting properties of BPSCCO ceramics synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. HAp nanoparticles, characterized by their rod-like shape and size range of 40–100 nm, are added into the BPSCCO ceramic to enhance flux pinning and improve critical current density (Jc) under applied magnetic fields. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the addition of HAp inclusions led to an enhance in lattice parameters, indicating slight lattice strain, while the crystallite size decreased at higher HAp contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the uniform distribution of HAp nanoparticles on the superconducting grain surfaces, supporting better inter-grain connectivity. Transport and magnetization measurements showed that while the superconducting transition temperature () decreased slightly with increasing HAp content, flux-pinning characteristics improved.
The superconducting transition behavior is examined under varying magnetic fields, showing that HAp content notably enhanced the activation energy (U0), particularly for contents of x = 0.002 and x = 0.004 samples. An important increase in the upper critical field (Bc2) is found at lower addi, indicating enhanced vortex pinning. However, excessive content (x ≥ 0.006) led to a decrease in both Jc and Bc2, demonstrating an optimal addition range for achieving maximum superconducting performance. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the successful integration of HAp nanoparticles into the BPSCCO ceramics. These results exhibit that HAp nanoparticles assist as successful flux pinning centers, improving the superconducting properties of BPSCCO up to a certain doping threshold, offering potential for the development of high-performance superconducting materials.
{"title":"Enhancement of flux pinning and superconducting properties in BPSCCO ceramics via hydroxyapatite nanoparticle","authors":"Nguyen Quang Huy , Tien Le , An T. Pham , Anh D. Truong , Vuong Thi Anh Hong , Tuson Park , Nguyen Hong Nam , Nguyen Thu Phuong , Phuong Thu Le , Le Viet Cuong , M. Doğruer , Phong V. Pham , Duc H. Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles on the structural and superconducting properties of BPSCCO ceramics synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. HAp nanoparticles, characterized by their rod-like shape and size range of 40–100 nm, are added into the BPSCCO ceramic to enhance flux pinning and improve critical current density (<em>J</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) under applied magnetic fields. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the addition of HAp inclusions led to an enhance in lattice parameters, indicating slight lattice strain, while the crystallite size decreased at higher HAp contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the uniform distribution of HAp nanoparticles on the superconducting grain surfaces, supporting better inter-grain connectivity. Transport and magnetization measurements showed that while the superconducting transition temperature (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) decreased slightly with increasing HAp content, flux-pinning characteristics improved.</div><div>The superconducting transition behavior is examined under varying magnetic fields, showing that HAp content notably enhanced the activation energy (<em>U</em><sub><em>0</em></sub>), particularly for contents of x = 0.002 and x = 0.004 samples. An important increase in the upper critical field (<em>B</em><sub><em>c2</em></sub>) is found at lower addi, indicating enhanced vortex pinning. However, excessive content (x ≥ 0.006) led to a decrease in both <em>J</em><sub><em>c</em></sub> and <em>B</em><sub><em>c2</em></sub>, demonstrating an optimal addition range for achieving maximum superconducting performance. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the successful integration of HAp nanoparticles into the BPSCCO ceramics. These results exhibit that HAp nanoparticles assist as successful flux pinning centers, improving the superconducting properties of BPSCCO up to a certain doping threshold, offering potential for the development of high-performance superconducting materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2235-2246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.136
Qian Zhang, Fa Luo, Liuchao Zhang, Chunhai Wang, Qinghua Zhao
La2Zr2O7(LZO) has emerged as a promising candidate for the next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) due to its low thermal conductivity and excellent high-temperature stability. While the semi-transparency of LZO to infrared thermal radiation reduces its thermal insulation in high-temperature environments. However, the factors governing the thermal-radiation performance of LZO—namely its refractive index, absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient—are not yet well understood. In this study, we therefore measured the refractive index of LZO across the 1.7–9.0 μm wavelength and analyzed the influence of coating microstructure on its absorption and scattering coefficients. As the porosity increased from 12.2 % to 18.3 %, the average scattering coefficient of LZO coatings at 1–6 μm increases from 1.88 × 104 m−1 to 2.15 × 104 m−1. Accounting for porosity-dependent thermal conductivity, the interfacial temperature reduction at the coating-substrate interface reaches 119.3 K with an LZO coating thickness of 400 μm. Furthermore, the porosity of LZO coatings with larger inter-splat pores remains more or less unchanged after 200 h of heat treatment at 1300 °C, and suggests superior sintering resistance.
{"title":"Infrared radiative properties of plasma sprayed La2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings","authors":"Qian Zhang, Fa Luo, Liuchao Zhang, Chunhai Wang, Qinghua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(LZO) has emerged as a promising candidate for the next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) due to its low thermal conductivity and excellent high-temperature stability. While the semi-transparency of LZO to infrared thermal radiation reduces its thermal insulation in high-temperature environments. However, the factors governing the thermal-radiation performance of LZO—namely its refractive index, absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient—are not yet well understood. In this study, we therefore measured the refractive index of LZO across the 1.7–9.0 μm wavelength and analyzed the influence of coating microstructure on its absorption and scattering coefficients. As the porosity increased from 12.2 % to 18.3 %, the average scattering coefficient of LZO coatings at 1–6 μm increases from 1.88 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>−1</sup> to 2.15 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>. Accounting for porosity-dependent thermal conductivity, the interfacial temperature reduction at the coating-substrate interface reaches 119.3 K with an LZO coating thickness of 400 μm. Furthermore, the porosity of LZO coatings with larger inter-splat pores remains more or less unchanged after 200 h of heat treatment at 1300 °C, and suggests superior sintering resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1456-1468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.146
Weiwei Guo , Jia Yi , Song Wang , Hejing Zhang
Acetone(C3H6O), a transparent and colorless organic compound, poses significant risks to human health and the environment. We synthesize the NiCo2O4-BiVO4 forming an intimate sandwich structure using hydrothermal method for acetone detection. To characterize the as-prepared samples, XRD, XPS, SEM, UV–vis, and EIS are used. Among the pure NiCo2O4, BiVO4, 0.2BiVO4-NiCo2O4, 0.3BiVO4-NiCo2O4, and 0.4BiVO4-NiCo2O4, the 0.3BiVO4-NiCo2O4 sensor exhibits (26.7) toward 30 ppm acetone, which is around double times higher than that of pure NiCo2O4 at 250 °C. Furthermore, the 0.3BiVO4-NiCo2O4 composite exhibits rapid response-recovery kinetics, excellent humidity stability, and a favorable selectivity towards acetone. Drawing upon these characterizations and gas sensing test outcomes, a mechanism for the enhanced gas sensing properties of BiVO4-NiCo2O4 is proposed. The integration of NiCo2O4 with BiVO4 to create BiVO4-NiCo2O4 emerges as an effective approach to enhance the performance of acetone gas sensors.
{"title":"A novel heterostructure of NiCo2O4 hexagonal sheets decorated BiVO4 polyhedrons for the enhancement of acetone sensing properties","authors":"Weiwei Guo , Jia Yi , Song Wang , Hejing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acetone(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O), a transparent and colorless organic compound, poses significant risks to human health and the environment. We synthesize the NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-BiVO<sub>4</sub> forming an intimate sandwich structure using hydrothermal method for acetone detection. To characterize the as-prepared samples, XRD, XPS, SEM, UV–vis, and EIS are used. Among the pure NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, BiVO<sub>4</sub>, 0.2BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, 0.3BiVO4-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and 0.4BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the 0.3BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sensor exhibits (26.7) toward 30 ppm acetone, which is around double times higher than that of pure NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> at 250 °C. Furthermore, the 0.3BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite exhibits rapid response-recovery kinetics, excellent humidity stability, and a favorable selectivity towards acetone. Drawing upon these characterizations and gas sensing test outcomes, a mechanism for the enhanced gas sensing properties of BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is proposed. The integration of NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with BiVO<sub>4</sub> to create BiVO<sub>4</sub>-NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> emerges as an effective approach to enhance the performance of acetone gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1469-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.287
V.A. Shcherbakov, Yu.V. Bogatov
This work demonstrates the synthesis of large-scale TiB2 ceramic disks (58 mm in diameter) via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis combined with quasi-isostatic pressing (SHS/QP). The combustion temperature and velocity of the (Ti + 2 B) reaction mixture were determined, as these parameters are critical for the effective pressing of the hot SHS product. It was found that the SHS parameters change non-monotonically with increasing green density of the initial sample.
The influence of the mixing intensity of titanium and boron powders on the density, microstructure, and properties of the resulting TiB2 ceramics was investigated. The maximum combustion temperature was achieved when the contact area between titanium particles was minimized. It is proposed that an increased contact area between Ti particles enhances the overall thermal conductivity of the green sample, leading to greater heat dissipation and a consequent decrease in the combustion temperature. Furthermore, mechanoactivated mixing promotes the formation of a continuous boron layer on the titanium particle surfaces, which isolates them from each other. The formation of this dielectric boron layer contributes to an increase in combustion temperature and a decrease in combustion velocity. As the sample density increases, the maximum in the combustion temperature and velocity shifts toward higher densities. The synthesized TiB2 ceramics exhibited a residual porosity of 4.5 %, an average grain size of 2.8 μm, and a compressive strength of 1320 MPa. This study proposes an effective method for synthesizing large-sized, high-strength TiB2 ceramics.
{"title":"Synthesis of large-scale TiB2 ceramics by the SHS/QP method","authors":"V.A. Shcherbakov, Yu.V. Bogatov","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work demonstrates the synthesis of large-scale TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramic disks (58 mm in diameter) via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis combined with quasi-isostatic pressing (SHS/QP). The combustion temperature and velocity of the (Ti + 2 B) reaction mixture were determined, as these parameters are critical for the effective pressing of the hot SHS product. It was found that the SHS parameters change non-monotonically with increasing green density of the initial sample.</div><div>The influence of the mixing intensity of titanium and boron powders on the density, microstructure, and properties of the resulting TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramics was investigated. The maximum combustion temperature was achieved when the contact area between titanium particles was minimized. It is proposed that an increased contact area between Ti particles enhances the overall thermal conductivity of the green sample, leading to greater heat dissipation and a consequent decrease in the combustion temperature. Furthermore, mechanoactivated mixing promotes the formation of a continuous boron layer on the titanium particle surfaces, which isolates them from each other. The formation of this dielectric boron layer contributes to an increase in combustion temperature and a decrease in combustion velocity. As the sample density increases, the maximum in the combustion temperature and velocity shifts toward higher densities. The synthesized TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramics exhibited a residual porosity of 4.5 %, an average grain size of 2.8 μm, and a compressive strength of 1320 MPa. This study proposes an effective method for synthesizing large-sized, high-strength TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 1499-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.050
Jili Tian , Yang Liu , Jinying Wang, Kaiguo Fan, Jie Cui, Xianghua Meng, Lijuan Mu, Zhaocan Li
This study presents a green, HF-free hydrometallurgical strategy for the direct upcycling of diamond wire saw silicon waste (DWSSW) into high-performance hydrovoltaic ceramics. The closed-loop process, integrating alkali dissolution, ultrasound-assisted precipitation, and microwave dehydration, achieves near-complete silicon utilization (98.5 %) and transforms the entire waste stream into high-purity amorphous nanosilica (HPANS). The ceramics of HPANS features a uniquely engineered "ink-bottle" mesoporous architecture (2–10 nm) and a high hydroxyl density (7–9 %), which are identified as the key to its record-breaking hydrovoltaic performance (2.05 V, 269.44 μW cm−3). Mechanistic studies reveal that this performance stems from the synergy of intense laplace pressure (ΔP≈10 MPa) for sustained water flow, a robust electric double layer from surface charge dissociation, and defect-assisted charge generation. Beyond performance, the process establishes a sustainability benchmark with a low E-factor (0.71), net CO2 reduction (−1.2 kg per kg DWSSW), and full byproduct valorization. This work provides a paradigm for designing functional ceramics from waste towards a circular economy.
{"title":"Systematic upcycling of diamond wire saw silicon waste into high-performance hydrovoltaic ceramics via green hydrometallurgy","authors":"Jili Tian , Yang Liu , Jinying Wang, Kaiguo Fan, Jie Cui, Xianghua Meng, Lijuan Mu, Zhaocan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a green, HF-free hydrometallurgical strategy for the direct upcycling of diamond wire saw silicon waste (DWSSW) into high-performance hydrovoltaic ceramics. The closed-loop process, integrating alkali dissolution, ultrasound-assisted precipitation, and microwave dehydration, achieves near-complete silicon utilization (98.5 %) and transforms the entire waste stream into high-purity amorphous nanosilica (HPANS). The ceramics of HPANS features a uniquely engineered \"ink-bottle\" mesoporous architecture (2–10 nm) and a high hydroxyl density (7–9 %), which are identified as the key to its record-breaking hydrovoltaic performance (2.05 V, 269.44 μW cm<sup>−3</sup>). Mechanistic studies reveal that this performance stems from the synergy of intense laplace pressure (ΔP≈10 MPa) for sustained water flow, a robust electric double layer from surface charge dissociation, and defect-assisted charge generation. Beyond performance, the process establishes a sustainability benchmark with a low E-factor (0.71), net CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (−1.2 kg per kg DWSSW), and full byproduct valorization. This work provides a paradigm for designing functional ceramics from waste towards a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 2305-2313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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