Ceramics International最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of resistance switching and pulse behaviors in inverse spinel CoFe2O4 resistive random access memory devices by introducing TiO2 thin layers","authors":"Zhuoyang Lou,&nbsp;Qi Liao,&nbsp;Wanzhi Xiao,&nbsp;Ni Qin,&nbsp;Dinghua Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, bilayer TiO₂/CoFe₂O₄ films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates via sol-gel spin-coating process. The bilayer films demonstrated resistance switching (RS) behavior, showing improved forming voltage distribution and consistent Set/Reset voltages. Additionally, the bilayer structure exhibited excellent cycling endurance and retention properties compared to pure CoFe₂O₄ and pure TiO₂ films. Meanwhile, the TiO₂/CoFe₂O₄ thin-film devices also displayed the capability to emulate various forms of synaptic plasticity as artificial synapses, demonstrating enhanced or inhibited behaviors through the modulation of pulse intervals and durations, which implied realization of both multi-level storage and synaptic functions in a single device. The underlying conduction mechanism is believed to involve ohmic conduction in the low-resistance state (LRS), while the high-resistance state (HRS) is governed by high-field Schottky emission combined with space-charge-limited current effects The resistance switching mechanism is believed to be driven by the creation and breakdown of conductive filaments composed of oxygen vacancies. Importantly, an increase in the film's saturation magnetization was observed after the forming process, regardless of whether it was in the HRS or LRS, compared to its initial fresh state. This phenomenon is caused by changes in the oxygen vacancy concentration due to resistance switching behavior, indicating simultaneous correlation between oxygen-vacancy modulation and magnetic variation. Overall, these findings suggest that bilayer TiO₂/CoFe₂O₄ thin films hold significant promise for applications in resistive random access memory technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 64264-64273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color-tunable luminescence in transparent (Gd0.99-xTb0.01Eux)2Zr2O7 ceramics: Role of Eu3+ concentration on structural and optical properties","authors":"Xiaomin Wang ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Liangbin Hu ,&nbsp;Jianing Xie ,&nbsp;Haiping Xia ,&nbsp;Bin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline transparent (Gd_{0.99-<em>x</em>}Tb_0.01Eu_<em>x</em>)₂Zr₂O₇ (<em>x</em> = 0−0.03) ceramic phosphors with color-tunable emissions were fabricated by vacuum sintering, followed by systematic investigation to reveal the effects of activator concentration on crystal phases, microscopic structures, optical transmittances, and luminescent properties. The bulk materials had the cubic fluorite structure at a low Eu³⁺ content ≤1.0 at.%, while these samples transformed into the pyrochlore phase at a high Eu³⁺ concentration ≥2.0 at.%. The Eu³⁺ addition significantly promoted the rate-controlling mass transport during sintering, thereby contributing to rapid densification. The in-line transmittances of (Gd_{0.99-<em>x</em>}Tb_0.01Eu_<em>x</em>)₂Zr₂O₇ ceramics followed a monotonically incremental trend with more Eu³⁺ doping. The single Tb³⁺ doped Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ceramic presented characteristic Tb³⁺ emissions from ⁵D₄→⁷F_<em>J</em> (<em>J</em> = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions. The Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ co-doped phosphors displayed characteristic red emissions from ⁵D₀→⁷F_<em>J</em> (<em>J</em> = 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu³⁺ besides Tb³⁺ emissions. Tb³⁺ sensitized the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ red emission of Eu³⁺ via effective energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ and the specimen with <em>x</em> = 0.02 exhibited the strongest Eu³⁺ emission with an energy transfer efficiency of ∼60 %. The emitting colors of Gd₂Zr₂O₇:Eu,Tb ceramics could be widely tailored by varying either activator contents or excitation wavelengths via the Tb³⁺→Eu³⁺ energy transfer. The mechanism of energy transfer in the Gd₂Zr₂O₇:Tb,Eu ceramic phosphor was dominated by electric quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. The increasing Eu³⁺ incorporation shortened the fluorescence lifetime for the 542 nm Tb³⁺ emission, but prolonged the lifetime for the 606 nm Eu³⁺ emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 64196-64204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic mechanical enhancements of additively manufactured silica with boron nitride nanotubes","authors":"Dingli Wang ,&nbsp;Zihan Liu ,&nbsp;Nasim Anjum ,&nbsp;Yingchun Jiang ,&nbsp;Changhong Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is transforming the manufacturing and applicability of ceramic materials. However, AM-produced ceramics typically exhibit anisotropic and inferior mechanical properties as compared to conventionally manufactured counterparts because of inherent cracks and defects, which substantially impair their potential applications. In this study, we investigate the reinforcement of AM ceramics with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Incorporating small amounts of BNNTs (up to 0.4 wt%) into silica structures fabricated by digital light processing techniques yields remarkable property enhancements, measured both in-plane and along the thickness (build) directions. Specifically, flexural strength increases by up to 140 %, and fracture toughness increases by up to 150 %. Furthermore, incorporating BNNTs increases the anisotropy ratio (in-plane vs. through-thickness direction) to 1.6 from 1.24 for flexural strength and to 0.96 from 0.61 for fracture toughness. Mechanical failure in BNNT-reinforced silica predominantly occurs within the matrix and is characterized by an effective interfacial shear stress of 136 MPa. <em>In situ</em> scanning electron microscopy single nanotube pullout measurements reveal an exceptionally high interfacial shear strength, confirming strong interfacial interactions in the AM BNNT-silica. Microstructural analyses indicate that incorporating BNNTs reduces crystallite size and lattice strain while simultaneously promoting phase transformation. The observed synergistic effects—comprising efficient load transfer from the silica matrix to BNNTs and advantageous microstructural alterations induced by BNNT incorporation—significantly enhance the mechanical performance of silica nanocomposites. This research offers critical insights into the reinforcement mechanisms of BNNTs within AM ceramics, contributing to the optimal design and manufacturing of lightweight, robust, and durable ceramic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 65702-65713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reduction synthesis of Eu2+-Eu3+ co-activated Mg2Al4Si5O18 bulk phosphors in air through glass crystallization","authors":"Xianxue Li ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhangxu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthesis of Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺ co-activated bulk phosphors in air has been a hot research topic. In the present study, using glass crystallization technique, we successfully prepared Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺ co-doped Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈ (Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈:Eu) red-emitting bulk phosphors in MgO-Al₂O₃-3SiO₂ glass matrix with the absence of reduction atmosphere. The results showed that the Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈:Eu bulk phosphors can be acquired after heat treatment at 1050 °C for 60 min. The presence of Eu²⁺ was confirmed by PL, PLE, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. Under 317 nm UV excitation, the emission spectra showed a broadband emission peak centered at 497 nm, which corresponds to the electric dipole Eu²⁺: 4f⁶5d→4f⁷. Self-reduction mechanism of Eu ions in Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈ was explained using charge compensation and rigid structure. The color coordinate was (0.605, 0.394), indicating that the present Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈:Eu phosphors can be potentially applied as candidates of red-emitting materials for white-light LEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63968-63972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic SiC aerogel with integrated heat insulation and wave absorption","authors":"Xiu-Zhi Tang ,&nbsp;Ziwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Weichun Chang ,&nbsp;Jianling Yue ,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the escalating challenges of thermal management and electromagnetic interference in advanced aerospace and electronic systems, this study presents a novel magnetic SiC aerogel integrating exceptional thermal insulation and microwave absorption properties. Through a meticulously designed three-step synthesis strategy—comprising hydrothermal self-assembly of Fe₃O₄ decorated reduced graphene oxide aerogel, chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes, and carbothermal reduction—we successfully fabricated an ultralight (52 mg/cm³) aerogel with a hierarchical porous architecture. Owing to the hierarchical structure as well as the in situ formed ceramic nanowires, the material exhibits a desirable thermal insulation behaviour. And, the electromagnetic characterization confirms outstanding microwave absorption performance, with minimum reflection losses of −32.17 dB and −26.85 dB at thicknesses of 1.5 and 2.5 mm, and effective absorption bandwidths of 2.13 GHz and 2.79 GHz, respectively. The synergistic effects of magnetic-dielectric coupling, interface polarization, and conductive loss contribute to superior impedance matching and broadband absorption. This work provides a scalable pathway for developing lightweight, high-temperature-resistant multifunctional materials suitable for extreme operational environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63054-63062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted composition design of fluorine-containing glasses with tailored properties","authors":"Lili Fu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Huimin Xu ,&nbsp;Biqin Song ,&nbsp;Cangping Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruilin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorine-containing glasses with tailored rare-earth solubility serve as critical IR-transmitting candidates for mid-infrared lasers and low-loss fibers. Machine learning-guided property prediction provides a pivotal pathway for deploying fluorine-containing glasses. In this work, we used six regression models to predict the performance of fluorophosphate glass materials on small datasets, and found that the Random Forest Regression (RFR), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), and Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) models can produce good prediction results (R² above 0.9) for density, <em>Tg</em>, and refractive index. We designed a new method for rapid prediction and active component design of fluorine-containing glass properties in small datasets with limited data via generative adversarial networks (GANs) combined with machine learning models after transfer learning. In addition, to verify the validity and accuracy of the generated data, we used a machine learning model (trained on a mixed small dataset of fluorine-containing glasses) to conduct an overall inspection and component distribution analysis of the new data, testing its rationality across data dimensions. Moreover, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is used to improve the interpretability of the model and enhance the credibility of the data. The correlation coefficient evaluation (R²) scores of the new component data obtained by our model are all greater than 0.8, and the component attributes of the new data obtained have good matching characteristics. Our results effectively improve the glass reverse design and prediction accuracy with small datasets, improve the development efficiency of fluorine-containing glass, and provide methodological guidance for the development of new fluorine-containing glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63093-63101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning structural, magnetic, and antimicrobial properties of novel nanocomposites to be applied in biomedical applications","authors":"H.K. Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Asmaa A.H. El-Bassuony","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel nanocomposites, 0.3CuFe₂O₄ /0.7Ag-Fe₃O₄ (Cu) and 0.3CoLa_0.02Fe_1.98O₄/0.7Ag-Fe₃O₄ (CoLa), were successfully synthesized using a facile and cost-effective flash auto-combustion method. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively tune and compare the structural, magnetic, and antimicrobial properties of these two novel nanocomposites to explore their potential for multifunctional applications, specifically in the biomedical and high-frequency microwave fields. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed the formation of the materials in the nanoscale range, with crystallite sizes of 55.8 nm for Cu nanocomposite and 37.2 nm for CoLa nanocomposite. AFM analysis showed a particle size of 91.01 nm for Cu nanocomposite, indicating the presence of nanoparticle clusters. Magnetic measurements revealed a dramatic improvement in the magnetic response of the CoLa nanocomposite compared to the Cu nanocomposite. The Cola nanocomposite exhibited a saturation magnetization (<em>M</em>_<em>s</em>) of 16.495 emu/g and a coercivity (<em>H</em>_<em>c</em>) of 1119.5 G, which are three times and 5.7 times higher, respectively, than those of the Cu nanocomposite. Also, the highest saturation magnetization was exhibited by CoLa nanocomposite, which is 3-fold more than that of Cu nanocomposite, rendering it viable for usage in permanent magnets. Moreover, the frequency operation of the CoLa nanocomposite was designed to be suitable for microwave super high frequency S-band applications. On the other hand, the Cu nanocomposite was viable for L-band ultra-high frequency (UHF) applications. Antimicrobial testing demonstrated that both samples presented moderate antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The results highlight the potential of these multifunctional nanocomposites in both electromagnetic and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63138-63150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic nano-hydroxyapatite with pectin-induced hierarchical porosity: Sintering kinetics and osteo-biocompatibility","authors":"Priyanka Thakur ,&nbsp;Vishnu Kirthi Arivarasan ,&nbsp;Anjuvan Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-derived nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) is a promising material for bone tissue engineering due to its chemical similarity to bone mineral. However, achieving controlled porosity and mechanical strength through green fabrication methods remains a challenge. Pectin, a plant-based polysaccharide, offers potential as a natural porogen to induce hierarchical porosity, yet its influence on sintering kinetics and osteo-biocompatibility is underexplored. nHAp was synthesized from eggshells and mixed with varying concentrations of pectin (0–40 wt%) as a porogen. The composites were sintered at 900–1100 °C, and sintering kinetics were analyzed using Archimedes' principle. Microstructural features and compressive strength were evaluated via FESEM, and mechanical testing. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed using MG-63 osteoblast-cells through MTT and haemolysis assays. Pectin addition modulated sintering kinetics, by controlling porosity and enhancing densification at 1100 °C. Hierarchical porosity (micropores) was achieved, with total porosity ranging from 42 % to 65 %. Compressive strength remained within the range suitable for cancellous bone (7.4–16.2 MPa). Cell studies confirmed high viability in vehicle control and lower cell viability at high concentration, while all the concentrations resulted in less than 5 % haemolysis. These findings highlight the potential of pectin to tailor scaffold architecture and performance for bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63171-63188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulator-to-semiconductor transition and dielectric behavior of SnO2 ceramic","authors":"Poonam Yadav,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Satish Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Sesh Mani Yadav,&nbsp;Lallan Yadava,&nbsp;Manindra Kumar,&nbsp;Deepash Shekhar Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comprehensive investigation of electrical, electric modulus, and dielectric properties of SnO₂ ceramic synthesized via a modified sol-gel auto-combustion method has been carried out. This study reveals an insulator-to-semiconductor transition in SnO₂ ceramic, offering insights into its potential applications. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns confirms a single-phase rutile tetragonal crystal structure (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mn>4</mn><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>m</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> space group) for both SnO₂ nanoparticles (calcined at 500 °C for 2h) and bulk samples (sintered at 800 °C for 4h). The average crystallite size estimated by the Williamson-Hall plot is found to increase from 82.75 to 138.62 nm as the temperature increases. MEM analysis of electron charge-density distribution shows significant distortion at the oxygen site in SnO₂ nanoparticles, contrasting with the more ordered bulk structure. Temperature-dependent dc conductivity reveals two distinct regimes with activation energies of 0.24 eV (low temperature) and 0.67 eV (high temperature), suggesting an insulator-to-semiconductor-like transition, as confirmed by impedance analysis. The Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) parameter β, associated with grain and grain boundary, is less than unity, ranging from 0.5035 to 0.6447 for grains and 0.6518 to 0.7804 for grain boundaries, indicating non-Debye-type relaxation behavior. The temperature-dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss further confirmed the signature of the insulator-to-semiconductor-like transition in the bulk SnO₂. The high dielectric constant observed at low frequencies and high temperatures can be attributed to heterogeneity in the material, consistent with the Maxwell-Wagner model. The frequency exponent increased up to 280 °C and decreased above 280 °C, suggesting small and large polaron hopping in this temperature range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62208-62220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V2O5-Na2SO4 composite flux: A novel approach to high-purity AgNbO3 and its energy storage potential","authors":"Xianshun Lv ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huajian Yu ,&nbsp;Fudi Chen ,&nbsp;Xuping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully synthesized high-purity antiferroelectric AgNbO₃ crystals using a V₂O₅-Na₂SO₄ composite flux system. The optimized molar ratio of 1:0.12 for V₂O₅ to Na₂SO₄ was found to effectively prevent raw material penetration, reduce production costs, and ensure the high crystallinity and superior dielectric properties of the synthesized crystals. Experimental results demonstrate that AgNbO₃ exhibits reversible antiferroelectric (AFE)-ferroelectric (FE) phase transitions, characterized by well-defined double-loop P-E hysteresis characteristics. XPS (Ag 3d₅/₂: 367.8 eV; Ag 3d₃/₂: 373.8 eV) and EDS confirm Ag⁺ dominance with no detectable impurities, directly supporting the defect-minimized AFE phase stability. The material achieves a maximum recoverable energy density of 2.1 J/cm³ at an efficiency of 70 %.</div><div>The composite flux strategy not only prevents crucible degradation but also enhances the stability of AFE phases by minimizing defects and domain misalignment. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements further highlight the strong coupling between phase symmetry changes and dielectric behavior, with sharp transitions observed near 320 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62332-62337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}