Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.307
Tianyu Li , Keying Zhang , Jian Zhang , Dewen Wang , Xuejian Liu , Zhengren Huang , Yan Liu
The flash joining of YAG transparent ceramics was achieved within 5 min at 1550 °C. The flexural strength of the joint reaches 242.4 MPa, which is nearly 90 % of the parent material; and the transmittance at 1000 nm is 78.1 %, which is only 3.3 % different from the parent material. Nd:YAG/YAG and Ce:YAG/YAG flash joints were obtained under the same conditions, the doping concentration and type had significant effects on the interfacial diffusion and healing. Subsequently, the influence of non-thermal effect of E-field on flash joining is verified and discussed by EIS, XPS and EPR. The charged oxygen vacancy directed migrated across the joining interface, and accumulated in the negative electrode region together with the defects caused by the healing interface vacancy diffusion. Finally, combined with the joint formation process, the healing model is constructed on the grain and smaller scale.
{"title":"Flash joining and non-thermal effect of E-field on YAG transparent ceramics","authors":"Tianyu Li , Keying Zhang , Jian Zhang , Dewen Wang , Xuejian Liu , Zhengren Huang , Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flash joining of YAG transparent ceramics was achieved within 5 min at 1550 °C. The flexural strength of the joint reaches 242.4 MPa, which is nearly 90 % of the parent material; and the transmittance at 1000 nm is 78.1 %, which is only 3.3 % different from the parent material. Nd:YAG/YAG and Ce:YAG/YAG flash joints were obtained under the same conditions, the doping concentration and type had significant effects on the interfacial diffusion and healing. Subsequently, the influence of non-thermal effect of E-field on flash joining is verified and discussed by EIS, XPS and EPR. The charged oxygen vacancy directed migrated across the joining interface, and accumulated in the negative electrode region together with the defects caused by the healing interface vacancy diffusion. Finally, combined with the joint formation process, the healing model is constructed on the grain and smaller scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8766-8773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.302
Zhanzhu Li , Shiyong Shangguan , Wei Shi , Wenke Wang , Dongfeng Qi , Feifei Chen , Hongyu Zheng
The phenomenon of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) evolution on As2Se3 was investigated through femtosecond laser irradiation. In this experiment, the periodic surface structure (LIPSS) is manipulated by controlling the number of pulses, ultimately achieving precise fabrication of nanopore arrays. The numerical simulation of the time-domain finite-difference technique was used to reveal the mechanism of evolution. We found that the initial formation of low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) gratings would change the distribution of the electric field and play a crucial role in the generation of subsequent nanohole arrays. One-to five-row nanohole array was prepared on the As2Se3 surface by varying the scanning speed of femtosecond laser direct writing. We have shown that the nanoholes' overall and individual morphology trends confirm the significance of the initial gratings on the subsequent structure. Finally, the large-area nanohole array prepared on the As2Se3 surface shows an excellent application in the structural color.
{"title":"Femtosecond laser induced periodic subwavelength nanohole arrays structure on As2Se3 glass surface","authors":"Zhanzhu Li , Shiyong Shangguan , Wei Shi , Wenke Wang , Dongfeng Qi , Feifei Chen , Hongyu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) evolution on As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> was investigated through femtosecond laser irradiation. In this experiment, the periodic surface structure (LIPSS) is manipulated by controlling the number of pulses, ultimately achieving precise fabrication of nanopore arrays. The numerical simulation of the time-domain finite-difference technique was used to reveal the mechanism of evolution. We found that the initial formation of low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) gratings would change the distribution of the electric field and play a crucial role in the generation of subsequent nanohole arrays. One-to five-row nanohole array was prepared on the As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> surface by varying the scanning speed of femtosecond laser direct writing. We have shown that the nanoholes' overall and individual morphology trends confirm the significance of the initial gratings on the subsequent structure. Finally, the large-area nanohole array prepared on the As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> surface shows an excellent application in the structural color.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8211-8218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.277
Shi-Yu Liu , Chi Zhang , Huilun Zhang , Weiping Gong , Shiyang Liu , Dejun Li , Yanyu Liu , Yaping Li , Sanwu Wang
First-principles density-functional calculations are employed to study the stability and mechanical properties of fifteen high-entropy quaternary MAX phases, (MeMeMeMe)2AlC, consisting of any four early transition metals in Groups IVB and VB (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Mb, and Ta), Al, and C. Our calculations of the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing show that all fifteen phases are thermodynamically stable. This result is also consistent with an empirical rule based on the lattice size difference. While two of these quaternary MAX phases, (Ti0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)2AlC and (Ti0.25V0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)2AlC, have been experimentally synthesized, our calculations suggest the possibility of synthesis of other thirteen single-phase metallic ceramics with a quaternary MAX phase. All these materials are found to have high hardness and improved fracture toughness. In particular, (Ti0.25Hf0.25V0.25Ta0.25)2AlC is predicted to have the highest Vicker hardness, fracture toughness, and melting point.
{"title":"High-entropy metallic ceramics with quaternary MAX phases: Stability and mechanical properties of (Me0.251Me0.252Me0.253Me0.254)2AlC","authors":"Shi-Yu Liu , Chi Zhang , Huilun Zhang , Weiping Gong , Shiyang Liu , Dejun Li , Yanyu Liu , Yaping Li , Sanwu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First-principles density-functional calculations are employed to study the stability and mechanical properties of fifteen high-entropy quaternary MAX phases, (Me<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>Me<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>Me<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>Me<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>)<sub>2</sub>AlC, consisting of any four early transition metals in Groups IVB and VB (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Mb, and Ta), Al, and C. Our calculations of the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing show that all fifteen phases are thermodynamically stable. This result is also consistent with an empirical rule based on the lattice size difference. While two of these quaternary MAX phases, (Ti<sub>0.25</sub>Zr<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.25</sub>Ta<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC and (Ti<sub>0.25</sub>V<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.25</sub>Ta<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC, have been experimentally synthesized, our calculations suggest the possibility of synthesis of other thirteen single-phase metallic ceramics with a quaternary MAX phase. All these materials are found to have high hardness and improved fracture toughness. In particular, (Ti<sub>0.25</sub>Hf<sub>0.25</sub>V<sub>0.25</sub>Ta<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC is predicted to have the highest Vicker hardness, fracture toughness, and melting point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8465-8471"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.280
A. Shijin , Annamma John , Sam Solomon
Solid solutions of Ca9-xSrxNd2W4O24 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) functional ceramics are prepared through the conventional solid state ceramic route. The XRD analysis revealed the tetragonal structure of the compounds and is confirmed using Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The lattice parameters of Ca9Nd2W4O24 and Sr9Nd2W4O24 are calculated using XRD patterns and the vibrational bands are assigned using vibrational spectroscopic analysis. The absorption edges of the reflectance spectra for all the samples lie between the wavelength range 330–360 nm (UV region) point out the practical use of these ceramics as UV filters. The band gap energy is calculated using Tauc plot relation and the elemental compositions of the ceramics are examined through the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). From the FESEM images, it is evident that all the samples attain maximum densification with minimum porosity. The average grain size of the samples is calculated and these results substantiate that Sr9Nd2W4O24 contains a greater number of large sized grains (with fewer boundaries) than the other samples. The dielectric constant of the samples determined at 25 °C and 850 °C showed that the solid solutions possess high dielectric constant at 5 MHz for both temperatures, compared to pure samples. The impedance spectroscopic studies are employed to investigate the grain, grain boundary and electrode contribution in the electrical properties of the sintered samples. The ionic conductivity of the pellets at different temperatures is estimated using Arrhenius relation, for which the resistance is obtained from the semicircle in the Cole-Cole plot.
{"title":"Development and characterization of Ca9-xSrxNd2W4O24 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) functional ceramics","authors":"A. Shijin , Annamma John , Sam Solomon","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid solutions of Ca<sub>9-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>Nd<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>24</sub> (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) functional ceramics are prepared through the conventional solid state ceramic route. The XRD analysis revealed the tetragonal structure of the compounds and is confirmed using Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The lattice parameters of Ca<sub>9</sub>Nd<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>24</sub> and Sr<sub>9</sub>Nd<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>24</sub> are calculated using XRD patterns and the vibrational bands are assigned using vibrational spectroscopic analysis. The absorption edges of the reflectance spectra for all the samples lie between the wavelength range 330–360 nm (UV region) point out the practical use of these ceramics as UV filters. The band gap energy is calculated using Tauc plot relation and the elemental compositions of the ceramics are examined through the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). From the FESEM images, it is evident that all the samples attain maximum densification with minimum porosity. The average grain size of the samples is calculated and these results substantiate that Sr<sub>9</sub>Nd<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>24</sub> contains a greater number of large sized grains (with fewer boundaries) than the other samples. The dielectric constant of the samples determined at 25 °C and 850 °C showed that the solid solutions possess high dielectric constant at 5 MHz for both temperatures, compared to pure samples. The impedance spectroscopic studies are employed to investigate the grain, grain boundary and electrode contribution in the electrical properties of the sintered samples. The ionic conductivity of the pellets at different temperatures is estimated using Arrhenius relation, for which the resistance is obtained from the semicircle in the Cole-Cole plot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8492-8506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.287
Nansha Li , Bo Zhang , Xu Zhi , Jie Xu , Yuding Zhang , Kun Du , Wei Zhao
Geometric structure design is an effective strategy for the Al2O3 ceramics to develop their potential in many application regions. Here, we propose a facile drop casting route to take advantage of both the network (pseudo-boehmite, PB) and egg-box (sodium alginate, SA) structure to prepare porous Al2O3 balls, enabling these ceramics with macroscale size, network structure, and proper densities. With the Al2O3 particles as the framework materials, PB solution penetrated the calcium alginate network under proper acidic and Ca2+ ionic environment, facilitating the construction of the 3D porous structure for the aimed Al2O3 ceramic balls. After the frozen drying and TEOS immersion, Al2O3 ceramic balls can be obtained through a heat treatment at 1200 °C for 2 h, with 65.21 % porosity, 1.32 g/cm3 density and ∼3 mm diameter. Moreover, these obtained ceramic balls exhibit selective adsorption on the methylene blue (MB) dyes and reusability for times. Our proposed simple drop-casting method can provide Al2O3 ceramic balls with tailored ball sizes and porous network structure, illustrating prosperous prospects in the application fields of catalyst support, adsorption, separation and purification.
{"title":"A drop-casting route toward porous alumina ceramic balls driven by pseudo-boehmite solution and sodium alginate crosslinked network","authors":"Nansha Li , Bo Zhang , Xu Zhi , Jie Xu , Yuding Zhang , Kun Du , Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geometric structure design is an effective strategy for the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics to develop their potential in many application regions. Here, we propose a facile drop casting route to take advantage of both the network (pseudo-boehmite, PB) and egg-box (sodium alginate, SA) structure to prepare porous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> balls, enabling these ceramics with macroscale size, network structure, and proper densities. With the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles as the framework materials, PB solution penetrated the calcium alginate network under proper acidic and Ca<sup>2+</sup> ionic environment, facilitating the construction of the 3D porous structure for the aimed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic balls. After the frozen drying and TEOS immersion, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic balls can be obtained through a heat treatment at 1200 °C for 2 h, with 65.21 % porosity, 1.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup> density and ∼3 mm diameter. Moreover, these obtained ceramic balls exhibit selective adsorption on the methylene blue (MB) dyes and reusability for times. Our proposed simple drop-casting method can provide Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic balls with tailored ball sizes and porous network structure, illustrating prosperous prospects in the application fields of catalyst support, adsorption, separation and purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8570-8577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.289
Ding Li , Ming Zhou , Yaming Zhang , Meng Meng , Xiaocheng Li , Xigeng Lyu , Bin Qin , Fu Wang , Zhenzhen Zhang
The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of heat pressing on microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics with different crystal morphology. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LD) were melted to form precursory glass blocks, which were crystallized by two-step heat treatment. The second steps at 900 °C, 915 °C, and 930 °C (below, equal to and above the heat pressing temperature) were designed for specimens in group G1–G3 (n = 20, per group) respectively to form LD. Then specimens in group G1–G3 were heat-pressed at 915 °C to form Group G1p, G2p and G3p. Six groups of glass ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and subsequently evaluated via flexural strength testing, nanoindentation testing, and toughness measurements. The microstructures and fracture morphologies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. After heat pressing, the crystal size of LD in G1p was larger than that in G1, while these was no significant changes from G2 to G2p, or from G3 to G3p. The crystals displayed varying degrees of oriented distribution along their long axis after heat pressing: mild in G1p, pronounced in G2p and G3p. G1p showed lower flexural strength than G1, whereas G2p exhibited higher flexural strength than G2 (p < 0.05). G1p, G2p, and G3p exhibited lower average hardness than G1, G2, and G3. The fracture toughness along the longitudinal (Gpl) direction was different from that along the transverse (Gpt) direction. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the crystal size in LD increased and crystal content declined. After heat pressing, the crystals in the 915 °C and 930 °C groups became oriented, the flexural strength increased, the fracture toughness in specific directions improved, while the hardness had no significant change.
{"title":"Effects of heat pressing on microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics with different crystal morphology","authors":"Ding Li , Ming Zhou , Yaming Zhang , Meng Meng , Xiaocheng Li , Xigeng Lyu , Bin Qin , Fu Wang , Zhenzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of heat pressing on microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass ceramics with different crystal morphology. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LD) were melted to form precursory glass blocks, which were crystallized by two-step heat treatment. The second steps at 900 °C, 915 °C, and 930 °C (below, equal to and above the heat pressing temperature) were designed for specimens in group G1–G3 (n = 20, per group) respectively to form LD. Then specimens in group G1–G3 were heat-pressed at 915 °C to form Group G1p, G2p and G3p. Six groups of glass ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and subsequently evaluated via flexural strength testing, nanoindentation testing, and toughness measurements. The microstructures and fracture morphologies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. After heat pressing, the crystal size of LD in G1p was larger than that in G1, while these was no significant changes from G2 to G2p, or from G3 to G3p. The crystals displayed varying degrees of oriented distribution along their long axis after heat pressing: mild in G1p, pronounced in G2p and G3p. G1p showed lower flexural strength than G1, whereas G2p exhibited higher flexural strength than G2 (p < 0.05). G1p, G2p, and G3p exhibited lower average hardness than G1, G2, and G3. The fracture toughness along the longitudinal (Gpl) direction was different from that along the transverse (Gpt) direction. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the crystal size in LD increased and crystal content declined. After heat pressing, the crystals in the 915 °C and 930 °C groups became oriented, the flexural strength increased, the fracture toughness in specific directions improved, while the hardness had no significant change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8590-8598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.269
Kaijin Wu , Xiuwei Fu , Yang Li , Yuankai Hao , Xiaofei Ma , Qiangqiang Hu , Hongkun Nie , Baitao Zhang , Zhitai Jia , Xutang Tao
Tm3+ doped Gd3Ga3Al2O12 (GAGG) crystals with varying Tm3+ ion concentrations were grown by the Czochralski method. We have made a detailed analysis of the effect of Tm3+ concentration on the thermal and optical properties of the crystals. As the concentration of Tm3+ increases, the thermal conductivity of the crystals decreases from 6.29 W m−1 K−1 (4.1 at% Tm: GAGG) to 5.72 W m−1 K−1 (6.3 at% Tm: GAGG). Combined with Judd-Ofelt theory, we analyzed the absorption spectral parameters of GAGG with varying Tm3+ ion concentrations. The calculated spectral parameters: Ω2 = 0.48 × 10−20cm2, Ω4 = 1.18 × 10−20cm2, Ω6 = 0.60 × 10−20cm2 (4.1 at% Tm: GAGG), Ω2 = 0.51 × 10−20cm2, Ω4 = 1.32 × 10−20cm2, Ω6 = 0.84 × 10−20cm2 (6.3 at% Tm: GAGG) were used to obtain fluorescence branching ratios, radiative transitions and radiative lifetimes. The effect of Tm3+ concentration on fluorescence spectra was investigated, with the fluorescence lifetime decreasing from 8.82 ms to 8.45 ms. And the luminescent quantum efficiency also decreases from 90 % to 80.5 %, which is due to the enhancement of non-radiative phenomena. The 4.1 at% Tm: GAGG crystal possesses the largest fluorescence intensity near 1800 nm and the smooth spectral is also more favourable for obtaining tunable and pulsed laser output. We have demonstrated that 4.1 at% is the optimal Tm3+ concentration by continuous laser experiments, achieving a maximum output power of 2.79 W and a slope efficiency of 41.08 %.
{"title":"Crystal growth, spectroscopic and 2 μm mid-infrared laser performance of Tm: Gd3Ga3Al2O12 crystals","authors":"Kaijin Wu , Xiuwei Fu , Yang Li , Yuankai Hao , Xiaofei Ma , Qiangqiang Hu , Hongkun Nie , Baitao Zhang , Zhitai Jia , Xutang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tm<sup>3+</sup> doped Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (GAGG) crystals with varying Tm<sup>3+</sup> ion concentrations were grown by the Czochralski method. We have made a detailed analysis of the effect of Tm<sup>3+</sup> concentration on the thermal and optical properties of the crystals. As the concentration of Tm<sup>3+</sup> increases, the thermal conductivity of the crystals decreases from 6.29 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (4.1 at% Tm: GAGG) to 5.72 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (6.3 at% Tm: GAGG). Combined with Judd-Ofelt theory, we analyzed the absorption spectral parameters of GAGG with varying Tm<sup>3+</sup> ion concentrations. The calculated spectral parameters: Ω<sub>2</sub> = 0.48 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 1.18 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>6</sub> = 0.60 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup> (4.1 at% Tm: GAGG), Ω<sub>2</sub> = 0.51 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 1.32 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>6</sub> = 0.84 × 10<sup>−20</sup>cm<sup>2</sup> (6.3 at% Tm: GAGG) were used to obtain fluorescence branching ratios, radiative transitions and radiative lifetimes. The effect of Tm<sup>3+</sup> concentration on fluorescence spectra was investigated, with the fluorescence lifetime decreasing from 8.82 ms to 8.45 ms. And the luminescent quantum efficiency also decreases from 90 % to 80.5 %, which is due to the enhancement of non-radiative phenomena. The 4.1 at% Tm: GAGG crystal possesses the largest fluorescence intensity near 1800 nm and the smooth spectral is also more favourable for obtaining tunable and pulsed laser output. We have demonstrated that 4.1 at% is the optimal Tm<sup>3+</sup> concentration by continuous laser experiments, achieving a maximum output power of 2.79 W and a slope efficiency of 41.08 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8388-8395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.328
Hammam Abdurabu Thabit , Abd Khamim Ismail , M.S.M. Sanusi , G. Jagannath , D.A. Abdulmalik , Abdullah Bafaqeer , M.I. Sayyed , Usman Iliyasu
The study explores, synthesis, structural, optical and luminescence investigations of trivalent erbium-loaded alkali molybdenum boro-tellurite glasses matrix, with special emphasis on the green visible range emission. The physical characteristics, like molar volume and density, were computed. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used in the structural study. XRD patterns and Raman spectra corroborate the absence of a significant peak and the amorphous nature of all the specimens. Furthermore, increasing Er₂O₃ concentration led to systematic changes in density and molar volume, indicating structural compactness in the glass matrix. The refractive index increased with Er³⁺ doping. Additionally, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the incorporation of elements into the glass matrix. UV–Vis–NIR absorption data revealed distinct peaks attributed to f-f transitions of Er³⁺ ions, while Tauc plots showed increased in the band gaps from 2.84 to 2.99 eV. These findings underscore the structural adaptability of the glass system to host rare-earth ions efficiently. For the luminescence properties, the incorporation of Er³⁺ ions significantly enhance the luminescence characteristics of the glass matrix at 1 mol% of Er2O3-doped glass, with optimal emission observed at 530 nm and 548 nm, corresponding to the transitions from the excited states 2H₁₁/₂ and ⁴S₃/₂ to the ground state ⁴I₁₅/₂. The Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the spectroscopic parameters, yielding values of Ω₂ = 8.94, Ω₄ = 1.26, and Ω₆ = 3.02 ( × 10⁻2⁰ cm2), which correlate with the observed emission intensities and branching ratios. The strong luminescence emission intensity with the substantial values of transition probability and branching ratio, leads us to an ABLME1 glass is a suitable choice for visible laser applications.
{"title":"Enhanced green emission in Er3+–Doped alkali molybdenum boro tellurite glasses suitable for photonic and dosimeters applications","authors":"Hammam Abdurabu Thabit , Abd Khamim Ismail , M.S.M. Sanusi , G. Jagannath , D.A. Abdulmalik , Abdullah Bafaqeer , M.I. Sayyed , Usman Iliyasu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores, synthesis, structural, optical and luminescence investigations of trivalent erbium-loaded alkali molybdenum boro-tellurite glasses matrix, with special emphasis on the green visible range emission. The physical characteristics, like molar volume and density, were computed. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used in the structural study. XRD patterns and Raman spectra corroborate the absence of a significant peak and the amorphous nature of all the specimens. Furthermore, increasing Er₂O₃ concentration led to systematic changes in density and molar volume, indicating structural compactness in the glass matrix. The refractive index increased with Er³⁺ doping. Additionally, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the incorporation of elements into the glass matrix. UV–Vis–NIR absorption data revealed distinct peaks attributed to f-f transitions of Er³⁺ ions, while Tauc plots showed increased in the band gaps from 2.84 to 2.99 eV. These findings underscore the structural adaptability of the glass system to host rare-earth ions efficiently. For the luminescence properties, the incorporation of Er³⁺ ions significantly enhance the luminescence characteristics of the glass matrix at 1 mol% of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-doped glass, with optimal emission observed at 530 nm and 548 nm, corresponding to the transitions from the excited states <sup>2</sup>H₁₁/₂ and ⁴S₃/₂ to the ground state ⁴I₁₅/₂. The Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the spectroscopic parameters, yielding values of Ω₂ = 8.94, Ω₄ = 1.26, and Ω₆ = 3.02 ( × 10⁻<sup>2</sup>⁰ cm<sup>2</sup>), which correlate with the observed emission intensities and branching ratios. The strong luminescence emission intensity with the substantial values of transition probability and branching ratio, leads us to an ABLME1 glass is a suitable choice for visible laser applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8980-8988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.362
Jian Liu , Haijing Zhou , Xuchao Wang , Wenwu Zhao , Shaozhuo Liu , Xinyu Li , Yihao Wang
A series of novel borate fluoride phosphors, Ba4CaB4O10F2:xEu3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.20, 0.22, 0.25,0.28, and 0.3), were successfully synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, photoluminescence properties, thermal quenching mechanisms, quantum efficiencies, and lifetime decay curves of these phosphors were thoroughly investigated. Upon excitation at 394 nm, the synthesized phosphors exhibited strong red-light emission at 613 nm, attributed to the electric dipole 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. The optimal doping concentration of phosphors was found to be 25 mol%. The quantum efficiency of the Ba4CaB4O10F2:0.25Eu3+ phosphor was measured to be 49.9 %. Simultaneously, the thermal stability measurement revealed that the light intensity of Ba4CaB4O10F2:0.25Eu3+ attained 44.5 % of its initial value at 477 K. The Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ba4CaB4O10F2:0.25Eu3+ were determined to be (0.6465, 0.3531) and its color purity was determined to be 96.2 %. These findings highlight the potential of the Ba4CaB4O10F2:0.25Eu3+ fluorescent material for near-UV-excited pc-WLEDs applications.
{"title":"Preparation and photoluminescence characterization of novel red emitting Ba4CaB4O10F2:xEu3+ fluorescent materials","authors":"Jian Liu , Haijing Zhou , Xuchao Wang , Wenwu Zhao , Shaozhuo Liu , Xinyu Li , Yihao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel borate fluoride phosphors, Ba<sub>4</sub>CaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:<em>x</em>Eu<sup>3+</sup> (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.20, 0.22, 0.25,0.28, and 0.3), were successfully synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, photoluminescence properties, thermal quenching mechanisms, quantum efficiencies, and lifetime decay curves of these phosphors were thoroughly investigated. Upon excitation at 394 nm, the synthesized phosphors exhibited strong red-light emission at 613 nm, attributed to the electric dipole <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub>→<sup>7</sup>F<sub>2</sub> transition of Eu<sup>3+</sup>. The optimal doping concentration of phosphors was found to be 25 mol%. The quantum efficiency of the Ba<sub>4</sub>CaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:0.25Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphor was measured to be 49.9 %. Simultaneously, the thermal stability measurement revealed that the light intensity of Ba<sub>4</sub>CaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:0.25Eu<sup>3+</sup> attained 44.5 % of its initial value at 477 K. The Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ba<sub>4</sub>CaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:0.25Eu<sup>3+</sup> were determined to be (0.6465, 0.3531) and its color purity was determined to be 96.2 %. These findings highlight the potential of the Ba<sub>4</sub>CaB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:0.25Eu<sup>3+</sup> fluorescent material for near-UV-excited pc-WLEDs applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 9270-9277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.298
Lu Tang , Siyu Chen , Ying Li , Donghong Wang , Zhiyong Chen , Yi Zuo , Sifan Zong , Jimei Xue , Zhijun Wang , Hanjun Wei
Due to the poor electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation capability and relatively large bandgap of rare-earth silicate materials, their application as EM wave attenuation materials is adversely affected. In this work, TiO2 was deposited onto the surface of porous Yb2Si2O7 using a precipitation process followed by calcination. A transition from TiO2 nanorods to nanowires resulted in a flower-like three-dimensional (3D) network structure, effectively modulating the dielectric and EM wave-absorbing properties. The TiO2/Yb2Si2O7 ceramic (YT-3 sample) with a TiO2 nanowire content of 20.1 wt% achieved a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −21.1 dB at 2.3 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.6 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the EAB fully covered the X-band at thickness ranging from 2.0 to 4.10 mm. The radar cross-section of the YT-3 sample significantly decreased by 21.5 dBm2. This improvement likely attributed to the 3D porous structure formed by the TiO2 nanowires, which improved the impedance matching and electrical conductivity while increasing both homogeneous interfaces and heterointerfaces. This enhancement facilitated electron transfer and hopping, amplified polarization and conduction losses and promoted multiple EM wave reflections and scattering. Additionally, the weight variation of the YT-3 sample was <0.48 % in the range of 25–1400 °C, demonstrating excellent high-temperature stability. These results advances to the development of Yb2Si2O7-based wave-absorbing materials for achieving effective EM wave absorption in high-temperature environments.
{"title":"Construction of TiO2 nanointerfaces in Yb2Si2O7 ceramics with adjustable electromagnetic wave absorption and high-temperature stability","authors":"Lu Tang , Siyu Chen , Ying Li , Donghong Wang , Zhiyong Chen , Yi Zuo , Sifan Zong , Jimei Xue , Zhijun Wang , Hanjun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the poor electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation capability and relatively large bandgap of rare-earth silicate materials, their application as EM wave attenuation materials is adversely affected. In this work, TiO<sub>2</sub> was deposited onto the surface of porous Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> using a precipitation process followed by calcination. A transition from TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods to nanowires resulted in a flower-like three-dimensional (3D) network structure, effectively modulating the dielectric and EM wave-absorbing properties. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramic (YT-3 sample) with a TiO<sub>2</sub> nanowire content of 20.1 wt% achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −21.1 dB at 2.3 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.6 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the EAB fully covered the X-band at thickness ranging from 2.0 to 4.10 mm. The radar cross-section of the YT-3 sample significantly decreased by 21.5 dBm<sup>2</sup>. This improvement likely attributed to the 3D porous structure formed by the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanowires, which improved the impedance matching and electrical conductivity while increasing both homogeneous interfaces and heterointerfaces. This enhancement facilitated electron transfer and hopping, amplified polarization and conduction losses and promoted multiple EM wave reflections and scattering. Additionally, the weight variation of the YT-3 sample was <0.48 % in the range of 25–1400 °C, demonstrating excellent high-temperature stability. These results advances to the development of Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>-based wave-absorbing materials for achieving effective EM wave absorption in high-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 7","pages":"Pages 8690-8698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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