Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457
P. Mountcastle
Internal clutter motion (ICM) places significant limits on the effectiveness of STAP clutter suppression techniques, for example in achieving the smallest minimum detectable velocity in GMTI radar surveillance applications. To simulate this effect with maximum fidelity, the required correlation must be impressed on the returns from individual scatterers during the construction of the data cube. Doing so can represent a substantial computational burden on the simulation process when a clutter scene is characterized by many millions of individual pixels. Such numbers are typical when using high fidelity SAR maps as the basis of the clutter model. The paper reports on a fast computational technique for wind-blown clutter simulation that works within a flexible data-generation system employing real high-fidelity IFSAR maps with co-registered elevation data as ground truth.
{"title":"New implementation of the Billingsley clutter model for GMTI data cube generation","authors":"P. Mountcastle","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457","url":null,"abstract":"Internal clutter motion (ICM) places significant limits on the effectiveness of STAP clutter suppression techniques, for example in achieving the smallest minimum detectable velocity in GMTI radar surveillance applications. To simulate this effect with maximum fidelity, the required correlation must be impressed on the returns from individual scatterers during the construction of the data cube. Doing so can represent a substantial computational burden on the simulation process when a clutter scene is characterized by many millions of individual pixels. Such numbers are typical when using high fidelity SAR maps as the basis of the clutter model. The paper reports on a fast computational technique for wind-blown clutter simulation that works within a flexible data-generation system employing real high-fidelity IFSAR maps with co-registered elevation data as ground truth.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122809398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449
C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau
An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.
{"title":"Adaptive thresholding of non-homogeneity detection for STAP applications","authors":"C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131744392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475
C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff
PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.
{"title":"UWB radar improvements by using a several antennas system","authors":"C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","url":null,"abstract":"PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446
E. Conte, A. De Maio, A. Farina
We design two statistical tests to ascertain whether radar data comply with the hypotheses of multivariate Gaussianity and covariance persymmetry. For the first issue, we develop a statistical procedure based on quadratic distributional distances, which exploits the representation of Gaussian vectors in generalized spherical coordinates. Moreover, in order to analyze the persymmetry property of the disturbance covariance matrix, we design a testing procedure based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. We thus apply the new tests to L-band experimentally measured clutter data, collected by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory phase one radar, at the Katahdin Hill site.
{"title":"Techniques for higher order analysis of radar clutter and their application to L-band live data","authors":"E. Conte, A. De Maio, A. Farina","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446","url":null,"abstract":"We design two statistical tests to ascertain whether radar data comply with the hypotheses of multivariate Gaussianity and covariance persymmetry. For the first issue, we develop a statistical procedure based on quadratic distributional distances, which exploits the representation of Gaussian vectors in generalized spherical coordinates. Moreover, in order to analyze the persymmetry property of the disturbance covariance matrix, we design a testing procedure based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. We thus apply the new tests to L-band experimentally measured clutter data, collected by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory phase one radar, at the Katahdin Hill site.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411
C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha
The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.
{"title":"Synthesizing task periods for dwells in multi-function phased array radars","authors":"C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385
M. Grace, B. Norvell, K. Higgins, M. Gilbert, H. Kazemi
Very large, lightweight phased array antenna apertures are highly desirable for space-based ground surveillance and tracking radars since power is limited by the mass efficiency of solar power collection and distribution systems which compete for the limited payload capability of the launch vehicle. This leads to relatively low power density apertures whose power budget can be dominated by the overhead (non-radiated) power used during the receive portion of the radar timeline. We have developed a novel lens antenna concept to meet the extreme demands of next-generation, large-aperture space-based radar with significantly improved electrical and mechanical efficiency. The agile beam design offers better aperture efficiency over the entire field of regard compared with reflector designs and better electrical and mass efficiency than active array designs. The lens contains embedded MMIC modules that have been optimized for low power consumption on receive, a significant departure from T/R modules used in airborne radar applications.
{"title":"Active lens: a mass, volume, and energy efficient antenna for space-based radar","authors":"M. Grace, B. Norvell, K. Higgins, M. Gilbert, H. Kazemi","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385","url":null,"abstract":"Very large, lightweight phased array antenna apertures are highly desirable for space-based ground surveillance and tracking radars since power is limited by the mass efficiency of solar power collection and distribution systems which compete for the limited payload capability of the launch vehicle. This leads to relatively low power density apertures whose power budget can be dominated by the overhead (non-radiated) power used during the receive portion of the radar timeline. We have developed a novel lens antenna concept to meet the extreme demands of next-generation, large-aperture space-based radar with significantly improved electrical and mechanical efficiency. The agile beam design offers better aperture efficiency over the entire field of regard compared with reflector designs and better electrical and mass efficiency than active array designs. The lens contains embedded MMIC modules that have been optimized for low power consumption on receive, a significant departure from T/R modules used in airborne radar applications.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130273268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413
R.M. White, B. Cantrell, J. McConnell, J. Alter
We detail a delta-sigma based system built to produce high-resolution analog waveforms at UHF. With bandwidths as large as 80 MHz and noise floors as low as -140 dBc/Hz, the generated waveforms show potential for use as LO and RF transmission waveforms in a UHF radar system. Finally, the waveform generator system is described as an ideal technology for use in a digital phased array radar.
{"title":"Delta-sigma waveform generation for digital radars","authors":"R.M. White, B. Cantrell, J. McConnell, J. Alter","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413","url":null,"abstract":"We detail a delta-sigma based system built to produce high-resolution analog waveforms at UHF. With bandwidths as large as 80 MHz and noise floors as low as -140 dBc/Hz, the generated waveforms show potential for use as LO and RF transmission waveforms in a UHF radar system. Finally, the waveform generator system is described as an ideal technology for use in a digital phased array radar.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425
John J. Sudano
In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an information content value to any set of system or sub-system probability distributions. The PIC variable is the normalized entropy computed from the probability distribution. This article derives a PIC variable for a subsystem represented by the complement probabilities. This article also derives a relationship between the PIC variable of sub-system components and the system informational PIC variable. A series of pignistic probability transforms are presented that estimate the probability for any belief data set. The generalized belief fusion method of combining independent multi-source beliefs is presented.
{"title":"Belief fusion, pignistic probabilities, and information content in fusing tracking attributes","authors":"John J. Sudano","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an information content value to any set of system or sub-system probability distributions. The PIC variable is the normalized entropy computed from the probability distribution. This article derives a PIC variable for a subsystem represented by the complement probabilities. This article also derives a relationship between the PIC variable of sub-system components and the system informational PIC variable. A series of pignistic probability transforms are presented that estimate the probability for any belief data set. The generalized belief fusion method of combining independent multi-source beliefs is presented.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"1975 7‐8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132703326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444
Ha Xu, Yingning Peng, Q. Wan, Xiutan Wang, Xianggen Xia
To characterize the Doppler spectrum center shift and width spread of airborne radar clutter, a novel Doppler distributed clutter model is established in this paper. Based on this model, many parametric methods are also proposed to estimate Doppler parameters in the temporal domain and more excellent performance is achieved than conventional frequency domain methods. Both simulation and real experimental results are also provided to show the validity of the new clutter model and new approaches.
{"title":"Doppler parameter estimation of airborne radar based on a novel clutter model","authors":"Ha Xu, Yingning Peng, Q. Wan, Xiutan Wang, Xianggen Xia","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444","url":null,"abstract":"To characterize the Doppler spectrum center shift and width spread of airborne radar clutter, a novel Doppler distributed clutter model is established in this paper. Based on this model, many parametric methods are also proposed to estimate Doppler parameters in the temporal domain and more excellent performance is achieved than conventional frequency domain methods. Both simulation and real experimental results are also provided to show the validity of the new clutter model and new approaches.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131361885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464
Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks
In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.
{"title":"Estimating the number of signals in presence of colored noise","authors":"Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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