Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388
C. Le, S. Chan, F. Cheng, W. Fang, M. Fischman, S. Hensley, R. Johnson, M. Jourdan, M. Marina, B. Parham, F. Rogez, P. Rosen, B. Shah, S. Taft
We present a real-time high-performance and fault-tolerant FPGA-based hardware architecture for the processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in future spaceborne systems. In particular, we discuss the integrated design approach, from top-level algorithm specifications and system requirements, design methodology, functional verification and performance validation, down to hardware design and implementation.
{"title":"Onboard FPGA-based SAR processing for future spaceborne systems","authors":"C. Le, S. Chan, F. Cheng, W. Fang, M. Fischman, S. Hensley, R. Johnson, M. Jourdan, M. Marina, B. Parham, F. Rogez, P. Rosen, B. Shah, S. Taft","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388","url":null,"abstract":"We present a real-time high-performance and fault-tolerant FPGA-based hardware architecture for the processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in future spaceborne systems. In particular, we discuss the integrated design approach, from top-level algorithm specifications and system requirements, design methodology, functional verification and performance validation, down to hardware design and implementation.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392
W. Carrara, R. Goodman, M.A. Ricoy
The widefield polar format algorithm, the Stolt polar algorithm, and the differential Doppler algorithm use variations of a new along-track alignment and formatting system (ATAFS) to generate fine-resolution images from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. ATAFS introduces a spatially variant modification of the SAR phase history storage format to remove the formatting inaccuracies of the conventional polar format algorithm and enables full image quality over large scenes without range curvature distortion or image defocus. These new algorithms are well-suited for processing fine resolution spotlight and ultra-wideband SAR data. Their image quality performance is comparable to that of the range migration algorithm (RMA). Unlike RMA, the new algorithms operate on data stabilized to a fixed reference point to remove the azimuth chirp (the Doppler bandwidth of the reference point) before it compromises processor efficiency.
{"title":"New algorithms for widefield SAR image formation","authors":"W. Carrara, R. Goodman, M.A. Ricoy","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392","url":null,"abstract":"The widefield polar format algorithm, the Stolt polar algorithm, and the differential Doppler algorithm use variations of a new along-track alignment and formatting system (ATAFS) to generate fine-resolution images from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. ATAFS introduces a spatially variant modification of the SAR phase history storage format to remove the formatting inaccuracies of the conventional polar format algorithm and enables full image quality over large scenes without range curvature distortion or image defocus. These new algorithms are well-suited for processing fine resolution spotlight and ultra-wideband SAR data. Their image quality performance is comparable to that of the range migration algorithm (RMA). Unlike RMA, the new algorithms operate on data stabilized to a fixed reference point to remove the azimuth chirp (the Doppler bandwidth of the reference point) before it compromises processor efficiency.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449
C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau
An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.
{"title":"Adaptive thresholding of non-homogeneity detection for STAP applications","authors":"C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131744392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475
C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff
PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.
{"title":"UWB radar improvements by using a several antennas system","authors":"C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","url":null,"abstract":"PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411
C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha
The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.
{"title":"Synthesizing task periods for dwells in multi-function phased array radars","authors":"C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385
M. Grace, B. Norvell, K. Higgins, M. Gilbert, H. Kazemi
Very large, lightweight phased array antenna apertures are highly desirable for space-based ground surveillance and tracking radars since power is limited by the mass efficiency of solar power collection and distribution systems which compete for the limited payload capability of the launch vehicle. This leads to relatively low power density apertures whose power budget can be dominated by the overhead (non-radiated) power used during the receive portion of the radar timeline. We have developed a novel lens antenna concept to meet the extreme demands of next-generation, large-aperture space-based radar with significantly improved electrical and mechanical efficiency. The agile beam design offers better aperture efficiency over the entire field of regard compared with reflector designs and better electrical and mass efficiency than active array designs. The lens contains embedded MMIC modules that have been optimized for low power consumption on receive, a significant departure from T/R modules used in airborne radar applications.
{"title":"Active lens: a mass, volume, and energy efficient antenna for space-based radar","authors":"M. Grace, B. Norvell, K. Higgins, M. Gilbert, H. Kazemi","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316385","url":null,"abstract":"Very large, lightweight phased array antenna apertures are highly desirable for space-based ground surveillance and tracking radars since power is limited by the mass efficiency of solar power collection and distribution systems which compete for the limited payload capability of the launch vehicle. This leads to relatively low power density apertures whose power budget can be dominated by the overhead (non-radiated) power used during the receive portion of the radar timeline. We have developed a novel lens antenna concept to meet the extreme demands of next-generation, large-aperture space-based radar with significantly improved electrical and mechanical efficiency. The agile beam design offers better aperture efficiency over the entire field of regard compared with reflector designs and better electrical and mass efficiency than active array designs. The lens contains embedded MMIC modules that have been optimized for low power consumption on receive, a significant departure from T/R modules used in airborne radar applications.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130273268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413
R.M. White, B. Cantrell, J. McConnell, J. Alter
We detail a delta-sigma based system built to produce high-resolution analog waveforms at UHF. With bandwidths as large as 80 MHz and noise floors as low as -140 dBc/Hz, the generated waveforms show potential for use as LO and RF transmission waveforms in a UHF radar system. Finally, the waveform generator system is described as an ideal technology for use in a digital phased array radar.
{"title":"Delta-sigma waveform generation for digital radars","authors":"R.M. White, B. Cantrell, J. McConnell, J. Alter","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316413","url":null,"abstract":"We detail a delta-sigma based system built to produce high-resolution analog waveforms at UHF. With bandwidths as large as 80 MHz and noise floors as low as -140 dBc/Hz, the generated waveforms show potential for use as LO and RF transmission waveforms in a UHF radar system. Finally, the waveform generator system is described as an ideal technology for use in a digital phased array radar.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425
John J. Sudano
In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an information content value to any set of system or sub-system probability distributions. The PIC variable is the normalized entropy computed from the probability distribution. This article derives a PIC variable for a subsystem represented by the complement probabilities. This article also derives a relationship between the PIC variable of sub-system components and the system informational PIC variable. A series of pignistic probability transforms are presented that estimate the probability for any belief data set. The generalized belief fusion method of combining independent multi-source beliefs is presented.
{"title":"Belief fusion, pignistic probabilities, and information content in fusing tracking attributes","authors":"John J. Sudano","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316425","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of information fusion systems, the reduction of computational complexity is a key design parameter for real-time implementations. One way to simplify the computations is to decompose the system into subsystems of noncorrelated informational components, such as a qualitative informational component, a quantitative informational component, and a complement informational component. A probability information content (PIC) variable assigns an information content value to any set of system or sub-system probability distributions. The PIC variable is the normalized entropy computed from the probability distribution. This article derives a PIC variable for a subsystem represented by the complement probabilities. This article also derives a relationship between the PIC variable of sub-system components and the system informational PIC variable. A series of pignistic probability transforms are presented that estimate the probability for any belief data set. The generalized belief fusion method of combining independent multi-source beliefs is presented.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"1975 7‐8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132703326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444
Ha Xu, Yingning Peng, Q. Wan, Xiutan Wang, Xianggen Xia
To characterize the Doppler spectrum center shift and width spread of airborne radar clutter, a novel Doppler distributed clutter model is established in this paper. Based on this model, many parametric methods are also proposed to estimate Doppler parameters in the temporal domain and more excellent performance is achieved than conventional frequency domain methods. Both simulation and real experimental results are also provided to show the validity of the new clutter model and new approaches.
{"title":"Doppler parameter estimation of airborne radar based on a novel clutter model","authors":"Ha Xu, Yingning Peng, Q. Wan, Xiutan Wang, Xianggen Xia","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316444","url":null,"abstract":"To characterize the Doppler spectrum center shift and width spread of airborne radar clutter, a novel Doppler distributed clutter model is established in this paper. Based on this model, many parametric methods are also proposed to estimate Doppler parameters in the temporal domain and more excellent performance is achieved than conventional frequency domain methods. Both simulation and real experimental results are also provided to show the validity of the new clutter model and new approaches.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131361885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464
Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks
In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.
{"title":"Estimating the number of signals in presence of colored noise","authors":"Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：