Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388
C. Le, S. Chan, F. Cheng, W. Fang, M. Fischman, S. Hensley, R. Johnson, M. Jourdan, M. Marina, B. Parham, F. Rogez, P. Rosen, B. Shah, S. Taft
We present a real-time high-performance and fault-tolerant FPGA-based hardware architecture for the processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in future spaceborne systems. In particular, we discuss the integrated design approach, from top-level algorithm specifications and system requirements, design methodology, functional verification and performance validation, down to hardware design and implementation.
{"title":"Onboard FPGA-based SAR processing for future spaceborne systems","authors":"C. Le, S. Chan, F. Cheng, W. Fang, M. Fischman, S. Hensley, R. Johnson, M. Jourdan, M. Marina, B. Parham, F. Rogez, P. Rosen, B. Shah, S. Taft","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316388","url":null,"abstract":"We present a real-time high-performance and fault-tolerant FPGA-based hardware architecture for the processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in future spaceborne systems. In particular, we discuss the integrated design approach, from top-level algorithm specifications and system requirements, design methodology, functional verification and performance validation, down to hardware design and implementation.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392
W. Carrara, R. Goodman, M.A. Ricoy
The widefield polar format algorithm, the Stolt polar algorithm, and the differential Doppler algorithm use variations of a new along-track alignment and formatting system (ATAFS) to generate fine-resolution images from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. ATAFS introduces a spatially variant modification of the SAR phase history storage format to remove the formatting inaccuracies of the conventional polar format algorithm and enables full image quality over large scenes without range curvature distortion or image defocus. These new algorithms are well-suited for processing fine resolution spotlight and ultra-wideband SAR data. Their image quality performance is comparable to that of the range migration algorithm (RMA). Unlike RMA, the new algorithms operate on data stabilized to a fixed reference point to remove the azimuth chirp (the Doppler bandwidth of the reference point) before it compromises processor efficiency.
{"title":"New algorithms for widefield SAR image formation","authors":"W. Carrara, R. Goodman, M.A. Ricoy","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316392","url":null,"abstract":"The widefield polar format algorithm, the Stolt polar algorithm, and the differential Doppler algorithm use variations of a new along-track alignment and formatting system (ATAFS) to generate fine-resolution images from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. ATAFS introduces a spatially variant modification of the SAR phase history storage format to remove the formatting inaccuracies of the conventional polar format algorithm and enables full image quality over large scenes without range curvature distortion or image defocus. These new algorithms are well-suited for processing fine resolution spotlight and ultra-wideband SAR data. Their image quality performance is comparable to that of the range migration algorithm (RMA). Unlike RMA, the new algorithms operate on data stabilized to a fixed reference point to remove the azimuth chirp (the Doppler bandwidth of the reference point) before it compromises processor efficiency.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449
C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau
An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.
{"title":"Adaptive thresholding of non-homogeneity detection for STAP applications","authors":"C. M. Teixeira, J. Bergin, P. Techau","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316449","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive thresholding algorithm is presented that can be used in conjunction with the multi-pass generalized inner product (GIP)-based editing method to eliminate non-homogeneities from the training data used for STAP applications, such as adaptive radars. The algorithm exploits a property of the generic structure of the ordered GIP statistic, along with a single user-specified parameter related to the type I error of incorrectly excising target-free training data, to determine adaptively the thresholds for excising target-contaminated training data. The performance of the method is demonstrated using high-fidelity site-specific simulated data, with both ideal and realistic waveforms, as well as measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) experiment.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131744392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475
C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff
PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.
{"title":"UWB radar improvements by using a several antennas system","authors":"C. Dubois, J. Andrieu, B. Beillard, B. Jecko, R. Guillerey, S. Colson, M. Legoff","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316475","url":null,"abstract":"PULSAR is an ultra wide-band radar developed to detect quickly buried mines on a large area. This paper presents briefly the recent development efforts on this system, especially on a new pulse generator (fast high voltage pulse generator) and a new UWB antenna (Dragonfly antenna). It also deals with the possibility to use several scissors antennas in order to build an antenna array. A study was carried out with 2 scissors antennas, one beside the other, in order to evaluate the influence of the distance between them. Other simulations are realised with only one generator connected to 3 antennas.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411
C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha
The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.
{"title":"Synthesizing task periods for dwells in multi-function phased array radars","authors":"C. Shih, P. Ganti, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Caccamo, L. Sha","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316411","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the problem of scheduling radar dwells in multi-function phased array radar systems. The timing constraints of radar tasks are usually modeled by the minimal and maximal temporal distance between any two consecutive dwells of a task. Such timing constraints make it difficult for traditional real-time scheduling techniques to provide predictable timing guarantees, without over-consuming resources. We propose a novel approach to model the dwells as periodic real-time tasks. The periods of the tasks are synthesized by the minimal and maximal temporal distance constraint of the dwells. The synthetic periods allow the template-based scheduling algorithm to compute efficient dwell schedules with low overhead. We evaluate the algorithms via extensive simulations. Simulation results show that this algorithm can significantly improve resource utilization, compared with traditional dwell scheduling algorithms.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464
Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks
In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.
{"title":"Estimating the number of signals in presence of colored noise","authors":"Pinyuen Chen, G. Genello, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316464","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, statistical ranking and selection theory is used to estimate the number of signals present in colored noise. The data structure follows the well-known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) model. We deal with the eigenanalyses of a matrix, using the MUSIC model and colored noise. The data matrix can be written as the product of a covariance matrix and the inverse of second covariance matrix. We propose a multistep selection procedure to construct a confidence interval on the number of signals present in a data set. Properties of this procedure are stated and proved. Those properties are used to compute the required parameters (procedure constants). Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theory.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316451
Ping Li, H. Schuman, J.H. Micheis, B. Himed
A particularly active area of research in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) involves scenarios in which the sample support available for training the adaptive processor is limited. Several of these scenarios are of significant current interest. One of those scenarios is an environment in which targets are potentially so dense (relative to the sample support requirements) that they bias the weight training, thereby causing significant performance degradation of the STAP processor. Such environments include those containing roads and highways, for example. Other related problems include scenarios in which the clutter itself is not homogeneous over significant ranges, e.g. conditions where the terrain type is highly variable, urban environments, etc. One technique that addresses the low-sample support conditions described above is the parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF). Performance of this technique and several contending. STAP approaches are demonstrated using the KASSPER challenge dataset only.
{"title":"Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) with limited sample support","authors":"Ping Li, H. Schuman, J.H. Micheis, B. Himed","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316451","url":null,"abstract":"A particularly active area of research in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) involves scenarios in which the sample support available for training the adaptive processor is limited. Several of these scenarios are of significant current interest. One of those scenarios is an environment in which targets are potentially so dense (relative to the sample support requirements) that they bias the weight training, thereby causing significant performance degradation of the STAP processor. Such environments include those containing roads and highways, for example. Other related problems include scenarios in which the clutter itself is not homogeneous over significant ranges, e.g. conditions where the terrain type is highly variable, urban environments, etc. One technique that addresses the low-sample support conditions described above is the parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF). Performance of this technique and several contending. STAP approaches are demonstrated using the KASSPER challenge dataset only.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316458
G. Showman, W. Melvin, D. Zywicki
The performance of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) radar is a strong function of array geometry and the particular algorithm implementation. Traditionally, detection performance has been of paramount importance, but recently interest has grown in the accuracy of target direction of arrival (DOA) estimates. This paper describes an evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for DOA accuracy. The CRLB is useful for bounding the bearing estimation performance of candidate array architectures and STAP algorithms, but often generates counter-intuitive results. Anomalous characteristics of the CRLB are investigated, explained, and placed in the context of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) properties. The end product is a tool that can be applied to comparative analyses with confidence. The paper concludes by demonstrating the utility of the CRLB in both array and algorithm studies.
{"title":"Application of the Cramer-Rao lower bound for bearing estimation to STAP performance studies","authors":"G. Showman, W. Melvin, D. Zywicki","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316458","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) radar is a strong function of array geometry and the particular algorithm implementation. Traditionally, detection performance has been of paramount importance, but recently interest has grown in the accuracy of target direction of arrival (DOA) estimates. This paper describes an evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for DOA accuracy. The CRLB is useful for bounding the bearing estimation performance of candidate array architectures and STAP algorithms, but often generates counter-intuitive results. Anomalous characteristics of the CRLB are investigated, explained, and placed in the context of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) properties. The end product is a tool that can be applied to comparative analyses with confidence. The paper concludes by demonstrating the utility of the CRLB in both array and algorithm studies.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131652375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316412
B. Cantrell
Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in MTI or pulse Doppler radars generate spurious signals from large clutter echoes because of the non-linear ADCs. These spurious signals can appear as real moving targets in the Doppler passband of a radar. The paper shows mathematically how these spurious signals are mitigated and a means of implementing the process is provided.
{"title":"ADC spurious signal mitigation in radar by modifying the LO","authors":"B. Cantrell","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316412","url":null,"abstract":"Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in MTI or pulse Doppler radars generate spurious signals from large clutter echoes because of the non-linear ADCs. These spurious signals can appear as real moving targets in the Doppler passband of a radar. The paper shows mathematically how these spurious signals are mitigated and a means of implementing the process is provided.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316477
C. Beaudoin, A. Gatesman, M. Clinard, J. Waldman, R. Giles, W. Nixon
A method of physically modeling a linear flight path SAR collection in a scale-model VHF/UHF ISAR facility is presented. Accurate modeling of a SAR's collection geometry is necessary if meaningful comparisons are to be made between scale-model and field imagery. The advantage of collecting data in a linear flight path geometry is that height-unlimited focusing of scatterers can be achieved. The technique utilizes precise orientation of the target's azimuth and elevation relative to the fixed radar antenna, thereby effectively simulating a linear flight path collection. The impact of such a collection at VHF/UHF frequencies is demonstrated by comparing linear flight path ISAR imagery with traditional fixed grazing angle ISAR imagery. Both simulated and instrumented imagery are presented.
{"title":"Physical scale modeling of VHF/UHF SAR collection geometries","authors":"C. Beaudoin, A. Gatesman, M. Clinard, J. Waldman, R. Giles, W. Nixon","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316477","url":null,"abstract":"A method of physically modeling a linear flight path SAR collection in a scale-model VHF/UHF ISAR facility is presented. Accurate modeling of a SAR's collection geometry is necessary if meaningful comparisons are to be made between scale-model and field imagery. The advantage of collecting data in a linear flight path geometry is that height-unlimited focusing of scatterers can be achieved. The technique utilizes precise orientation of the target's azimuth and elevation relative to the fixed radar antenna, thereby effectively simulating a linear flight path collection. The impact of such a collection at VHF/UHF frequencies is demonstrated by comparing linear flight path ISAR imagery with traditional fixed grazing angle ISAR imagery. Both simulated and instrumented imagery are presented.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129720113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：