Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316433
T. Johnsen, Karl, Olsen, S. Johnsrud, R. Skjerpeng
In multistatic continuous wave radar, the choice of codes and frequencies used for transmission has a strong influence on detection and ease of parameter extraction. The paper describes the various effects of using single and multiple codes in a number of separated transmitters, either with the same or separated carrier frequencies. To visualize some of the results, synthetic radar data have been generated and used in the processing.
{"title":"Simultaneous use of multiple pseudo random noise codes in multistatic CW radar","authors":"T. Johnsen, Karl, Olsen, S. Johnsrud, R. Skjerpeng","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316433","url":null,"abstract":"In multistatic continuous wave radar, the choice of codes and frequencies used for transmission has a strong influence on detection and ease of parameter extraction. The paper describes the various effects of using single and multiple codes in a number of separated transmitters, either with the same or separated carrier frequencies. To visualize some of the results, synthetic radar data have been generated and used in the processing.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316408
J. García, J. Besada, G. de Miguel, J. M. Molina, A. Berlanga
The paper analyses and evaluates the application of different techniques to the data association problem for ASDE (airport surface detection equipment) radar. Data association for this sensor requires the removal of the classical one-to-one constraints and should allow tracks to be updated by sets of blobs. Different innovative alternatives, based on recent advanced techniques, have been formulated and tried to solve this problem in complex scenarios. Simulation results show the capabilities achieved in terms of tracking robustness, accuracy and required computation.
{"title":"Analysis of advanced data association techniques for ASDE radar","authors":"J. García, J. Besada, G. de Miguel, J. M. Molina, A. Berlanga","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316408","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses and evaluates the application of different techniques to the data association problem for ASDE (airport surface detection equipment) radar. Data association for this sensor requires the removal of the classical one-to-one constraints and should allow tracks to be updated by sets of blobs. Different innovative alternatives, based on recent advanced techniques, have been formulated and tried to solve this problem in complex scenarios. Simulation results show the capabilities achieved in terms of tracking robustness, accuracy and required computation.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125419901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316495
J. Luminati, T. Hale
In adaptive radar systems, optimal processing for target detection is only possible when the target location in angle and Doppler is used to build the processing filter. When this location is not exact, losses occur. These losses translate into a reduction in detection probability. After development of analytical expressions to quantify the effects of this mismatch, two techniques are examined for reducing these effects. These techniques are tested against losses due to Doppler mismatch. The first technique involves the use of temporal windows and reduces mismatch losses at the expense of reducing the overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the target. The second technique involves the use of additional filters, and achieves a reduction in mismatch losses without sacrificing maximum SINR. A brief overview of the problems associated with multidimensional (angle and Doppler) mismatch is also presented.
{"title":"Steering vector mismatch: analysis and reduction","authors":"J. Luminati, T. Hale","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316495","url":null,"abstract":"In adaptive radar systems, optimal processing for target detection is only possible when the target location in angle and Doppler is used to build the processing filter. When this location is not exact, losses occur. These losses translate into a reduction in detection probability. After development of analytical expressions to quantify the effects of this mismatch, two techniques are examined for reducing these effects. These techniques are tested against losses due to Doppler mismatch. The first technique involves the use of temporal windows and reduces mismatch losses at the expense of reducing the overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the target. The second technique involves the use of additional filters, and achieves a reduction in mismatch losses without sacrificing maximum SINR. A brief overview of the problems associated with multidimensional (angle and Doppler) mismatch is also presented.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122994500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316395
L. Nguyen, M. Ressler, David C. Wong, M. Soumekh
This paper examines signal processing methods for improving the fidelity of backprojection SAR imagery using a preprocessing method that suppresses Doppler aliasing as well as other side lobe artifacts that are introduced by the radar radiation pattern. The algorithm, known as digital spotlighting, imposes a filtering scheme on the azimuth-compressed SAR data, and manipulates the resultant spectral data to achieve a higher PRF to suppress the Doppler aliasing. The merits of the algorithm are studied using the ARL boom-SAR data.
{"title":"Enhancement of backprojection SAR imagery using digital spotlighting preprocessing","authors":"L. Nguyen, M. Ressler, David C. Wong, M. Soumekh","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316395","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines signal processing methods for improving the fidelity of backprojection SAR imagery using a preprocessing method that suppresses Doppler aliasing as well as other side lobe artifacts that are introduced by the radar radiation pattern. The algorithm, known as digital spotlighting, imposes a filtering scheme on the azimuth-compressed SAR data, and manipulates the resultant spectral data to achieve a higher PRF to suppress the Doppler aliasing. The merits of the algorithm are studied using the ARL boom-SAR data.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123329266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316427
Y. Zhang, A. Hajjari, L. Adzima, B. Himed
This paper discusses beam-domain space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) space-based radar (SBR). The performance of the subarray-based joint-domain-localized (JDL) algorithm is first examined for various processor parameters. Then, a combined beam-domain STAP algorithm approach that combines JDL with difference (/spl Delta/) beams is presented. It is shown that the combined JDL-/spl Delta/ algorithms offer less system complexity and yield performance similar to that of JDL that uses higher degrees of freedom. It is also shown that the Earth's rotation induces a crab angle to the platform, which makes the clutter range-Doppler spectrum vary with range. Illustrative examples show that this crab angle severely degrades the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), thereby reducing the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of STAP systems.
{"title":"Adaptive beam-domain processing for space-based radars","authors":"Y. Zhang, A. Hajjari, L. Adzima, B. Himed","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses beam-domain space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) space-based radar (SBR). The performance of the subarray-based joint-domain-localized (JDL) algorithm is first examined for various processor parameters. Then, a combined beam-domain STAP algorithm approach that combines JDL with difference (/spl Delta/) beams is presented. It is shown that the combined JDL-/spl Delta/ algorithms offer less system complexity and yield performance similar to that of JDL that uses higher degrees of freedom. It is also shown that the Earth's rotation induces a crab angle to the platform, which makes the clutter range-Doppler spectrum vary with range. Illustrative examples show that this crab angle severely degrades the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), thereby reducing the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of STAP systems.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124893113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316499
M. Derakhtian, M. Nayebi, A. Tadaion
We propose a new detector to test the presence of a radar signal with unknown parameters in unknown variance additive white Gaussian noise. Uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) tests and unitary filter banks are combined in a new detector. This problem does not fit the linear model due to the unknown Doppler frequency. It is found that the UMPI test does not exist for such a problem. In our detector, we apply an appropriate linear transformation, which is a unitary filter bank, to the concerned radar signal and the problem is converted to the canonical form. Since the UMPI test does exist for the canonical form, then we derive an optimal invariant test for our problem.
{"title":"Optimal invariant test in coherent radar detection with unknown parameters","authors":"M. Derakhtian, M. Nayebi, A. Tadaion","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316499","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new detector to test the presence of a radar signal with unknown parameters in unknown variance additive white Gaussian noise. Uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) tests and unitary filter banks are combined in a new detector. This problem does not fit the linear model due to the unknown Doppler frequency. It is found that the UMPI test does not exist for such a problem. In our detector, we apply an appropriate linear transformation, which is a unitary filter bank, to the concerned radar signal and the problem is converted to the canonical form. Since the UMPI test does exist for the canonical form, then we derive an optimal invariant test for our problem.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114474787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316479
Xiaobo Hou, A. Daryoush, W. Rosen, H. Burstyn, P. Zalud
An all-optical analog-to-digital converter capable of sampling at 50 GS/s is described. The ADC works in the spectral domain, unlike the other all-optical or hybrid methods. The RF signal is sampled by electro-optically steerable gratings and quantized by a set of detectors with scalable apertures. Low timing jitter is provided by a mode-locked laser.
{"title":"Design of an ultra high-speed all-optical analog-to-digital converter","authors":"Xiaobo Hou, A. Daryoush, W. Rosen, H. Burstyn, P. Zalud","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316479","url":null,"abstract":"An all-optical analog-to-digital converter capable of sampling at 50 GS/s is described. The ADC works in the spectral domain, unlike the other all-optical or hybrid methods. The RF signal is sampled by electro-optically steerable gratings and quantized by a set of detectors with scalable apertures. Low timing jitter is provided by a mode-locked laser.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124299480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316487
Y. Lin, Y. Peng, X. Wang
In this paper, a novel method for estimating the parameters of multiple chirp signals in additive Gaussian white noise is proposed. The method combines a global optimization theorem with a new Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, called the simulated annealing one-variable-at-a-time random walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. It is a computationally modest implementation of maximum likelihood estimation and has no error propagation effect. Simulation results show that the proposed method can give good estimates for the unknown parameters, even when the parameters of the individual chirp signals are closely spaced and the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be attained even at low signal-to-noise ratio.
{"title":"Maximum likelihood parameter estimation of multiple chirp signals by a new Markov chain Monte Carlo approach","authors":"Y. Lin, Y. Peng, X. Wang","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316487","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel method for estimating the parameters of multiple chirp signals in additive Gaussian white noise is proposed. The method combines a global optimization theorem with a new Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, called the simulated annealing one-variable-at-a-time random walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. It is a computationally modest implementation of maximum likelihood estimation and has no error propagation effect. Simulation results show that the proposed method can give good estimates for the unknown parameters, even when the parameters of the individual chirp signals are closely spaced and the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be attained even at low signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126883233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457
P. Mountcastle
Internal clutter motion (ICM) places significant limits on the effectiveness of STAP clutter suppression techniques, for example in achieving the smallest minimum detectable velocity in GMTI radar surveillance applications. To simulate this effect with maximum fidelity, the required correlation must be impressed on the returns from individual scatterers during the construction of the data cube. Doing so can represent a substantial computational burden on the simulation process when a clutter scene is characterized by many millions of individual pixels. Such numbers are typical when using high fidelity SAR maps as the basis of the clutter model. The paper reports on a fast computational technique for wind-blown clutter simulation that works within a flexible data-generation system employing real high-fidelity IFSAR maps with co-registered elevation data as ground truth.
{"title":"New implementation of the Billingsley clutter model for GMTI data cube generation","authors":"P. Mountcastle","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316457","url":null,"abstract":"Internal clutter motion (ICM) places significant limits on the effectiveness of STAP clutter suppression techniques, for example in achieving the smallest minimum detectable velocity in GMTI radar surveillance applications. To simulate this effect with maximum fidelity, the required correlation must be impressed on the returns from individual scatterers during the construction of the data cube. Doing so can represent a substantial computational burden on the simulation process when a clutter scene is characterized by many millions of individual pixels. Such numbers are typical when using high fidelity SAR maps as the basis of the clutter model. The paper reports on a fast computational technique for wind-blown clutter simulation that works within a flexible data-generation system employing real high-fidelity IFSAR maps with co-registered elevation data as ground truth.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122809398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-04-26DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446
E. Conte, A. De Maio, A. Farina
We design two statistical tests to ascertain whether radar data comply with the hypotheses of multivariate Gaussianity and covariance persymmetry. For the first issue, we develop a statistical procedure based on quadratic distributional distances, which exploits the representation of Gaussian vectors in generalized spherical coordinates. Moreover, in order to analyze the persymmetry property of the disturbance covariance matrix, we design a testing procedure based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. We thus apply the new tests to L-band experimentally measured clutter data, collected by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory phase one radar, at the Katahdin Hill site.
{"title":"Techniques for higher order analysis of radar clutter and their application to L-band live data","authors":"E. Conte, A. De Maio, A. Farina","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2004.1316446","url":null,"abstract":"We design two statistical tests to ascertain whether radar data comply with the hypotheses of multivariate Gaussianity and covariance persymmetry. For the first issue, we develop a statistical procedure based on quadratic distributional distances, which exploits the representation of Gaussian vectors in generalized spherical coordinates. Moreover, in order to analyze the persymmetry property of the disturbance covariance matrix, we design a testing procedure based on the generalized likelihood ratio test. We thus apply the new tests to L-band experimentally measured clutter data, collected by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory phase one radar, at the Katahdin Hill site.","PeriodicalId":268965,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37509)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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