Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074395
A. Rocha, G. J. Franca, Manoel E. dos Santos, H. Paula, B. Filho
Belt conveyors constitute an efficient and economical way for minerals and heavy load transportation from mines to their destination, they serve vital process units whose success depends on continuous operation. To meet important operational requirements, modern high capacity conveyor systems are equipped with medium voltage variable-speed induction motor drives. The reliability and service continuity of such drives play a critical role for the entire conveyors availability. This work proposes a way to significantly improve the availability of the conveyor systems by using fault-resilient medium voltage AC drives. Based on recent studies and authors experience, it is shown in this paper how the drive conveyor downtime can be dramatically reduced after an internal short-circuit, keeping the overall cost-to-repair to a minimum and avoiding financial losses that can reach several million dollars.
{"title":"Increasing long belt-conveyors availability by using fault-resilient medium voltage AC drives","authors":"A. Rocha, G. J. Franca, Manoel E. dos Santos, H. Paula, B. Filho","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074395","url":null,"abstract":"Belt conveyors constitute an efficient and economical way for minerals and heavy load transportation from mines to their destination, they serve vital process units whose success depends on continuous operation. To meet important operational requirements, modern high capacity conveyor systems are equipped with medium voltage variable-speed induction motor drives. The reliability and service continuity of such drives play a critical role for the entire conveyors availability. This work proposes a way to significantly improve the availability of the conveyor systems by using fault-resilient medium voltage AC drives. Based on recent studies and authors experience, it is shown in this paper how the drive conveyor downtime can be dramatically reduced after an internal short-circuit, keeping the overall cost-to-repair to a minimum and avoiding financial losses that can reach several million dollars.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131907983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074404
Jin Zhou, B. Ayhan, C. Kwan, O. D. Limaye, M. Lu, W. Lee
In power distribution networks, impedance short-circuit faults are hard to detect in their incipient stage, as the fault currents may not be large enough to trip circuit breakers. In this paper, we summarize our research activities in short-circuit fault localization in underground power distribution networks. First, a simulation testbed was built. It can emulate power distribution networks with both bolted and impedance faults. Different impedances can be added to different branches. Power injection points, load nodes, and short-circuit fault locations can all be adjusted by users. Second, a hardware testbed corresponding to the simulation testbed was fabricated. Third, two novel fault localization algorithms (fault signature matching and sparisity recovery) were implemented. Results obtained from the simulation and hardware testbeds have excellent agreement. Our fault localization algorithms are validated by extensive numerical and experimental data. It is observed that, standard voltage measurements at a small number of pre-selected nodes are sufficient to localize the faults precisely; and hence, our fault localization scheme is of low cost. In addition, since our algorithms require only simple matrix calculations, localization within a few cycles (< 50ms) is achievable.
{"title":"Locating short-circuit faults in underground networks","authors":"Jin Zhou, B. Ayhan, C. Kwan, O. D. Limaye, M. Lu, W. Lee","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074404","url":null,"abstract":"In power distribution networks, impedance short-circuit faults are hard to detect in their incipient stage, as the fault currents may not be large enough to trip circuit breakers. In this paper, we summarize our research activities in short-circuit fault localization in underground power distribution networks. First, a simulation testbed was built. It can emulate power distribution networks with both bolted and impedance faults. Different impedances can be added to different branches. Power injection points, load nodes, and short-circuit fault locations can all be adjusted by users. Second, a hardware testbed corresponding to the simulation testbed was fabricated. Third, two novel fault localization algorithms (fault signature matching and sparisity recovery) were implemented. Results obtained from the simulation and hardware testbeds have excellent agreement. Our fault localization algorithms are validated by extensive numerical and experimental data. It is observed that, standard voltage measurements at a small number of pre-selected nodes are sufficient to localize the faults precisely; and hence, our fault localization scheme is of low cost. In addition, since our algorithms require only simple matrix calculations, localization within a few cycles (< 50ms) is achievable.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074281
N. Farnoosh, K. Adamiak, G. Castle
A precipitator section is modeled numerically in 3D to determine the collection efficiency for conductive diesel exhaust particulates. It consists of a circular tube and a wire electrode mounted at the center of the tube, supplied with a negative high dc voltage, while the tube is electrically grounded. The analytical solutions of Poisson and current continuity equations are implemented to obtain the ionic space charge density and electric potential distributions in the channel. Commercial CFD FLUENT software is used to solve the k-ε turbulent flow model, while also considering the electrical body forces. Particle charging and motion equations are solved using Discrete Phase Model (DPM) feature of the FLUENT and programming User Defined Functions (UDFs). Particles are assumed to be charged by combined field and diffusion charging mechanisms. Effects of some electrical characteristics of diesel exhaust particulates, such as charge-to-mass ratio and particle migration velocity, on collection efficiency are assessed. Patterns of particle deposition along the channel are evaluated and compared for different particle sizes. Numerical modeling of the 3D EHD flow pattern induced by corona discharge is demonstrated in the cross section of the tube when the corona wire is slightly off-center (eccentric) in an arbitrary direction.
{"title":"3D numerical study of wire-cylinder precipitator for collecting ultrafine particles from diesel exhaust","authors":"N. Farnoosh, K. Adamiak, G. Castle","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074281","url":null,"abstract":"A precipitator section is modeled numerically in 3D to determine the collection efficiency for conductive diesel exhaust particulates. It consists of a circular tube and a wire electrode mounted at the center of the tube, supplied with a negative high dc voltage, while the tube is electrically grounded. The analytical solutions of Poisson and current continuity equations are implemented to obtain the ionic space charge density and electric potential distributions in the channel. Commercial CFD FLUENT software is used to solve the k-ε turbulent flow model, while also considering the electrical body forces. Particle charging and motion equations are solved using Discrete Phase Model (DPM) feature of the FLUENT and programming User Defined Functions (UDFs). Particles are assumed to be charged by combined field and diffusion charging mechanisms. Effects of some electrical characteristics of diesel exhaust particulates, such as charge-to-mass ratio and particle migration velocity, on collection efficiency are assessed. Patterns of particle deposition along the channel are evaluated and compared for different particle sizes. Numerical modeling of the 3D EHD flow pattern induced by corona discharge is demonstrated in the cross section of the tube when the corona wire is slightly off-center (eccentric) in an arbitrary direction.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134265577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074412
G. Fox
Plug-in electric vehicles, i.e. vehicles that use electric motors as the prime means of power will begin to be mass-produced in 2011. The need for electric vehicle charging stations in industrial and commercial facilities is beginning and will grow as the number of plug-in electric vehicles, or PEVs grows. Power system engineers will face challenges when applying the electric vehicle charging stations to their facility power systems. As there are relatively few electric vehicle chargers in use today, the issues and application of this equipment has yet to be seen. The intent of this paper is to make the reader more familiar with electric vehicle charging stations by identifying and discussing the standards to which they are designed and built, and describing the common features and options now available.
{"title":"Getting ready for electric vehicle charging stations","authors":"G. Fox","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074412","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in electric vehicles, i.e. vehicles that use electric motors as the prime means of power will begin to be mass-produced in 2011. The need for electric vehicle charging stations in industrial and commercial facilities is beginning and will grow as the number of plug-in electric vehicles, or PEVs grows. Power system engineers will face challenges when applying the electric vehicle charging stations to their facility power systems. As there are relatively few electric vehicle chargers in use today, the issues and application of this equipment has yet to be seen. The intent of this paper is to make the reader more familiar with electric vehicle charging stations by identifying and discussing the standards to which they are designed and built, and describing the common features and options now available.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117285999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074339
P. Magne, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, S. Pierfederici
In the More Electrical Aircraft (MEA) project, the many electric actuators situated in several part of the plane will impose to implement some complex DC-power network to ensure the energy transfer. In the MEA context, the design of the DC-networks should respect some constraints as size and weight which correspond to both practical and economical reasons. Heeding of these, optimization of the different passive elements like DC-bus capacitance and filtering inductance is a main issue. Unfortunately, it is known that the reduction of DC-bus capacitance may lead to instability of a HVDC network. In order to consider the instability risk in an application case, this paper will propose a centralized method to stabilize a multi-loads DC-network. The proposed method used the Lyapunov Theory to generate a global command law for a whole electric DC-network. A stabilizing feedback is designed which ensures that the nonlinear model of the system is solution of the Lyapunov Equation and a general way to design the stabilizing supervisor is presented. Its implementation is well adapted to DC-power network as it permits to generate a n size stabilizing signal vector for a system with n loads. With this supervisor, the global large signal stability of the system is achieved.
{"title":"A general active stabilizer for a multi-loads DC-power network","authors":"P. Magne, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, S. Pierfederici","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074339","url":null,"abstract":"In the More Electrical Aircraft (MEA) project, the many electric actuators situated in several part of the plane will impose to implement some complex DC-power network to ensure the energy transfer. In the MEA context, the design of the DC-networks should respect some constraints as size and weight which correspond to both practical and economical reasons. Heeding of these, optimization of the different passive elements like DC-bus capacitance and filtering inductance is a main issue. Unfortunately, it is known that the reduction of DC-bus capacitance may lead to instability of a HVDC network. In order to consider the instability risk in an application case, this paper will propose a centralized method to stabilize a multi-loads DC-network. The proposed method used the Lyapunov Theory to generate a global command law for a whole electric DC-network. A stabilizing feedback is designed which ensures that the nonlinear model of the system is solution of the Lyapunov Equation and a general way to design the stabilizing supervisor is presented. Its implementation is well adapted to DC-power network as it permits to generate a n size stabilizing signal vector for a system with n loads. With this supervisor, the global large signal stability of the system is achieved.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122835353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074274
M. Miloudi, M. Remadnia, C. Dragan, K. Medles, A. Tilmatine, L. Dascalescu
Mixed granular insulating materials can be electro-statically separated by tribocharging them in a fluidized bed affected by an electric field orthogonally oriented to the direction of the fluidization air. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of ambient air humidity on the outcome of this tribo-aero-electrostatic separation process, i.e. the mass of the granules collected at the two electrodes that generate the electric field. The mixture to be separated was composed of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) originating from the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment. A set of experiments carried out for two durations (30 s and 60 s), at two values of ambient relative humidity (RH = 20% and RH = 40%), pointed out that the separation becomes efficient beyond a certain value of the initial mass of the mixtures. The experimental design methodology and commercial software MODDE 5.0 were then employed for investigating the effects of two process variables: the speed of the metallic conveyors that serve as high-voltage electrodes, and the humidity of ambient air. The effectiveness of separation was found to depend significantly on the latter factor. Surface potential decay measurements performed on charged layers of the two sorts of particles facilitate the interpretation of separation results: at higher RH, the hydrophilic ABS granules loose faster their charge when in contact with a grounded plate. As a consequence, they are in less number than the HIPS granules to be collected at the exit of the tribo-aero-electrostatic separation chamber.
{"title":"Experimental study of the effect of ambient air humidity on the efficiency of tribo-aero-electrostatic separation of mixed granular solids","authors":"M. Miloudi, M. Remadnia, C. Dragan, K. Medles, A. Tilmatine, L. Dascalescu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074274","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed granular insulating materials can be electro-statically separated by tribocharging them in a fluidized bed affected by an electric field orthogonally oriented to the direction of the fluidization air. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of ambient air humidity on the outcome of this tribo-aero-electrostatic separation process, i.e. the mass of the granules collected at the two electrodes that generate the electric field. The mixture to be separated was composed of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) originating from the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment. A set of experiments carried out for two durations (30 s and 60 s), at two values of ambient relative humidity (RH = 20% and RH = 40%), pointed out that the separation becomes efficient beyond a certain value of the initial mass of the mixtures. The experimental design methodology and commercial software MODDE 5.0 were then employed for investigating the effects of two process variables: the speed of the metallic conveyors that serve as high-voltage electrodes, and the humidity of ambient air. The effectiveness of separation was found to depend significantly on the latter factor. Surface potential decay measurements performed on charged layers of the two sorts of particles facilitate the interpretation of separation results: at higher RH, the hydrophilic ABS granules loose faster their charge when in contact with a grounded plate. As a consequence, they are in less number than the HIPS granules to be collected at the exit of the tribo-aero-electrostatic separation chamber.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124886353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074382
J. Pittner, M. Simaan
The tandem rolling of hot metal strip is a highly complex and nonlinear process which presents a difficult control challenge. The control of the threading phase of this process is especially difficult as the model of the process changes significantly and rapidly as the head of the strip is sequenced from stand to stand during threading. Moreover, to improve the quality of the final product during threading it is necessary to reduce excursions in the strip tension, looper position, as well as strip thickness. In this paper we present a comprehensive model of the threading process plus the results of our initial work to develop a suitable controller which handles the rapid changes in the model during threading. The success of our initial work is demonstrated by a simulation.
{"title":"Modern controller for improving product quality during threading of the tandem hot strip rolling mill","authors":"J. Pittner, M. Simaan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074382","url":null,"abstract":"The tandem rolling of hot metal strip is a highly complex and nonlinear process which presents a difficult control challenge. The control of the threading phase of this process is especially difficult as the model of the process changes significantly and rapidly as the head of the strip is sequenced from stand to stand during threading. Moreover, to improve the quality of the final product during threading it is necessary to reduce excursions in the strip tension, looper position, as well as strip thickness. In this paper we present a comprehensive model of the threading process plus the results of our initial work to develop a suitable controller which handles the rapid changes in the model during threading. The success of our initial work is demonstrated by a simulation.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131143417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074394
B. Parkhideh, H. Mirzaee, R. Beddingfield, S. Bhattacharya
AC drive systems have gained popularity in multi-motor applications including mining industry because the production rate of mines increases by almost 20% compared to DC drive systems. Typically, to supply the AC drive systems several Active Front Ends (AFE) with DC choppers are used to insure a reliable and acceptable harmonic current spectrum operation. Recently, energy storage system integration with the mining equipment has received industry attention, especially for peak load shaving and smarter energy management of the mine. The energy storage system is intended to capture the regenerative energy and reuse it for the motoring operation of the drive. Currently, the regenerative energy is often burnt into the choppers and is not fed back to the grid‥ The industry is motivated to capture this regenerative power since it can be as high as 60% of the motoring power and as high as 24 MW. Therefore, there is a possibility of large cost reduction and component downsizing. However, present status of development seems not to be very promising mainly because energy storage systems, (such as ultracapacitors) are still considered as an add-on part to existing products. In this paper, we propose power conversion configurations, yet robust and reliable for development of the multi-motor mobile mining equipment that has encouraging incentives for both the manufacturer and the mine operator.
{"title":"Enabling energy storage integration in high power multi-motor applications with active filter solutions","authors":"B. Parkhideh, H. Mirzaee, R. Beddingfield, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074394","url":null,"abstract":"AC drive systems have gained popularity in multi-motor applications including mining industry because the production rate of mines increases by almost 20% compared to DC drive systems. Typically, to supply the AC drive systems several Active Front Ends (AFE) with DC choppers are used to insure a reliable and acceptable harmonic current spectrum operation. Recently, energy storage system integration with the mining equipment has received industry attention, especially for peak load shaving and smarter energy management of the mine. The energy storage system is intended to capture the regenerative energy and reuse it for the motoring operation of the drive. Currently, the regenerative energy is often burnt into the choppers and is not fed back to the grid‥ The industry is motivated to capture this regenerative power since it can be as high as 60% of the motoring power and as high as 24 MW. Therefore, there is a possibility of large cost reduction and component downsizing. However, present status of development seems not to be very promising mainly because energy storage systems, (such as ultracapacitors) are still considered as an add-on part to existing products. In this paper, we propose power conversion configurations, yet robust and reliable for development of the multi-motor mobile mining equipment that has encouraging incentives for both the manufacturer and the mine operator.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074266
R. Sharma, A. Biris, M. Mazumder
Titanium-di-oxide (TiO2) is a very versatile material with applications ranging from photocatalysis to pharmaceuticals. More recently TiO2 is being investigated for potential applications in the field of renewable energy. One such application is in a new generation of solar cells called Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSC), where TiO2 nanoparticles can be used as an electrode material. The solar energy conversion efficiency of DSSC is significantly lower than that of a typical Si based photovoltaic cell, but it has a significant advantage in terms of more reduced cost per unit surface area. An atmospheric-pressure fluidized bed plasma reactor was used to modify the surface properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. Plasma induced morphological changes of the TiO2 nano-particles were correlated with the corresponding structural and electronic changes. DSSC with plasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated an improvement in photovoltaic performance.
{"title":"Plasma surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles for Dye-Sensitized Solar cell (DSSC) application","authors":"R. Sharma, A. Biris, M. Mazumder","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074266","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium-di-oxide (TiO2) is a very versatile material with applications ranging from photocatalysis to pharmaceuticals. More recently TiO2 is being investigated for potential applications in the field of renewable energy. One such application is in a new generation of solar cells called Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSC), where TiO2 nanoparticles can be used as an electrode material. The solar energy conversion efficiency of DSSC is significantly lower than that of a typical Si based photovoltaic cell, but it has a significant advantage in terms of more reduced cost per unit surface area. An atmospheric-pressure fluidized bed plasma reactor was used to modify the surface properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. Plasma induced morphological changes of the TiO2 nano-particles were correlated with the corresponding structural and electronic changes. DSSC with plasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated an improvement in photovoltaic performance.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128379584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074296
S. Saleh, R. Ahshan
This paper presents the development, implementation and performance testing of a new permanent magnet generator-based wind energy conversion system for grid-connected applications. The grid-connected operation is constructed using the new three phase resolution-level controlled wavelet modulated inverter. The output of the wind generator is fed to a switch-mode converter, where the dc voltage is controlled to ensure extracting the maximum power at each wind speed. The resolution-level control of the grid-side inverter is designed as a current controller for adjusting active and reactive powers delivered to the grid. The proposed wind energy conversion system is implemented both in software and hardware performance testing on a direct-drive 6 kW laboratory permanent magnet generator operated with variable speed. Test results demonstrate that an accurate control of the dc voltage on the generator side ensures adjusting the generator speed to extract the maximum power from the wind at each wind speed. Also, test results show significant abilities of the resolution-level controller to initiate fast and accurate adjustments in the output active and reactive powers to meet the demand values under variable wind speed.
{"title":"Resolution-level controlled wind energy conversion system for PM generators","authors":"S. Saleh, R. Ahshan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074296","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development, implementation and performance testing of a new permanent magnet generator-based wind energy conversion system for grid-connected applications. The grid-connected operation is constructed using the new three phase resolution-level controlled wavelet modulated inverter. The output of the wind generator is fed to a switch-mode converter, where the dc voltage is controlled to ensure extracting the maximum power at each wind speed. The resolution-level control of the grid-side inverter is designed as a current controller for adjusting active and reactive powers delivered to the grid. The proposed wind energy conversion system is implemented both in software and hardware performance testing on a direct-drive 6 kW laboratory permanent magnet generator operated with variable speed. Test results demonstrate that an accurate control of the dc voltage on the generator side ensures adjusting the generator speed to extract the maximum power from the wind at each wind speed. Also, test results show significant abilities of the resolution-level controller to initiate fast and accurate adjustments in the output active and reactive powers to meet the demand values under variable wind speed.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134264424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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