Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074364
Y. Ishikawa, K. Uehira, K. Yanaka
We previously proposed a novel technology with which the images of real objects with no copyright protection could contain invisible digital watermarking, using spatially modulated illumination. In this “optical watermarking” technology we used orthogonal transforms such as a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or a Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) to produce watermarking images, where 1-bit binary information was embedded into each pixel block. Here, we propose a new robust technique of optical watermarking that varies the size of pixel blocks by a trade-off in the efficiency of embedded watermarking. We conducted experiments where 4×4, 8x8, and 16×16 pixels were used in one block. A detection accuracy of 100% was obtained by using a block with 16×16 pixels when embedded watermarking was extremely weak, although the accuracy did not reach 100% by using blocks with 4×4 or 8×8 pixels under the same embedding conditions. The results from experiments revealed the effectiveness of our proposed technique.
{"title":"Robust optical watermarking technique by optimizing the size of pixel blocks of orthogonal transform","authors":"Y. Ishikawa, K. Uehira, K. Yanaka","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074364","url":null,"abstract":"We previously proposed a novel technology with which the images of real objects with no copyright protection could contain invisible digital watermarking, using spatially modulated illumination. In this “optical watermarking” technology we used orthogonal transforms such as a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or a Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) to produce watermarking images, where 1-bit binary information was embedded into each pixel block. Here, we propose a new robust technique of optical watermarking that varies the size of pixel blocks by a trade-off in the efficiency of embedded watermarking. We conducted experiments where 4×4, 8x8, and 16×16 pixels were used in one block. A detection accuracy of 100% was obtained by using a block with 16×16 pixels when embedded watermarking was extremely weak, although the accuracy did not reach 100% by using blocks with 4×4 or 8×8 pixels under the same embedding conditions. The results from experiments revealed the effectiveness of our proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074303
M. Rezkallah, A. Chandra
This paper presents a control strategy for the hybrid wind diesel with battery storage in isolated network. The proposed strategy consists of dc/dc bidirectional converter for charging/discharging battery to keep the frequency at the PCC constant by consuming/providing the extra active power delivered by the wind turbine. The battery is also used to feed the loads when the speed of the wind is too low to improve the efficiency of the installation by reducing the power delivered by the diesel engine. The control technique known as pq theory is used to control the interfacing inverter to perform the desired tasks. The proposed use of strategy compensates the current harmonics, the reactive power and the unbalance load. The entire system is realized and simulated in MATLAB/SPS environment. The results under various conditions are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Wind diesel battery hybrid system with power quality improvement for remote communities","authors":"M. Rezkallah, A. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a control strategy for the hybrid wind diesel with battery storage in isolated network. The proposed strategy consists of dc/dc bidirectional converter for charging/discharging battery to keep the frequency at the PCC constant by consuming/providing the extra active power delivered by the wind turbine. The battery is also used to feed the loads when the speed of the wind is too low to improve the efficiency of the installation by reducing the power delivered by the diesel engine. The control technique known as pq theory is used to control the interfacing inverter to perform the desired tasks. The proposed use of strategy compensates the current harmonics, the reactive power and the unbalance load. The entire system is realized and simulated in MATLAB/SPS environment. The results under various conditions are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074346
N. Khaled, A. Ofoli
An incremental control action sliding mode controller (ISMC) is presented in the current work to solve the chattering characteristic of sliding mode controller (SMC). The design of the ISMC controller takes into account critical parameters that are usually discarded in the design of the SMC. These parameters are the time constant of the actuator, the step size of the real time solver, previous state information of the system, previous control action and the maximum jerk of the plant. The main advantage of this novel controller is the significant reduction of the chattering in the control action. The incremental control action sliding mode controller is compared to the traditional sliding mode controller and the advantages of the former will be highlighted through the simulations of the benchmark control problem of the automobile electronic throttle.
{"title":"An incremental sliding mode controller (ISMC) for chattering reduction","authors":"N. Khaled, A. Ofoli","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074346","url":null,"abstract":"An incremental control action sliding mode controller (ISMC) is presented in the current work to solve the chattering characteristic of sliding mode controller (SMC). The design of the ISMC controller takes into account critical parameters that are usually discarded in the design of the SMC. These parameters are the time constant of the actuator, the step size of the real time solver, previous state information of the system, previous control action and the maximum jerk of the plant. The main advantage of this novel controller is the significant reduction of the chattering in the control action. The incremental control action sliding mode controller is compared to the traditional sliding mode controller and the advantages of the former will be highlighted through the simulations of the benchmark control problem of the automobile electronic throttle.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074353
S. Kamalasadan, A. Manickam
In this paper, we propose an intelligent approach to power system stabilization using a Wide Area System Centric Controller and Observer (WASCCO). This architecture augments local controllers for stabilization connected to generators such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) based on Intelligent Supervisory Loop (ISL) concept implemented with a wide area controller and Observer. For the monitoring and controller of multiple generators a Dual Heuristic Programming (DHP) action-critic neural network architecture is utilized. This coupled with a predictive Wide Area Neural Network Identifier (WANNID) generates a control signal to augment local controller. The controller performance is tested on a five generator, eight buses, two area power network to damp inter-area model oscillations. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed controller is capable of improving the stabilization of the generator over the use of PSS alone while continuously improving its performance through the use of online learning.
{"title":"An intelligent wide area system-centric controller and observer for power system stabilization using optimal Dual Heuristic Programming (DHP) architecture","authors":"S. Kamalasadan, A. Manickam","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074353","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an intelligent approach to power system stabilization using a Wide Area System Centric Controller and Observer (WASCCO). This architecture augments local controllers for stabilization connected to generators such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) based on Intelligent Supervisory Loop (ISL) concept implemented with a wide area controller and Observer. For the monitoring and controller of multiple generators a Dual Heuristic Programming (DHP) action-critic neural network architecture is utilized. This coupled with a predictive Wide Area Neural Network Identifier (WANNID) generates a control signal to augment local controller. The controller performance is tested on a five generator, eight buses, two area power network to damp inter-area model oscillations. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed controller is capable of improving the stabilization of the generator over the use of PSS alone while continuously improving its performance through the use of online learning.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120900379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074390
M. R. Hopper, N. C. Wright, Christopher B. Ivany
When it comes to electrical safety in the workplace, arc flash has become the most prominent topic over the past decade. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, including state chapters) is the only government body that recognizes NFPA-70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. However, OSHA does not have jurisdiction in mining operations. Electrical safety for the metal and nonmetal surface mining industry is covered by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 30, Part 56, Subpart K (Electricity). The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is responsible for enforcing electrical safety in mining operations. CFR Title 30 does not reference personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect electrical workers against arc flash hazards. This paper provides maintenance and safety personnel in surface Metal/Nonmetal mining operations with a step by step guide to implementing an electrical safety program that meets the requirements of MSHA, CFR Title 30 and NFPA-70E.
说到工作场所的电气安全问题，近十年来，电弧闪光已成为最突出的话题。职业安全与健康管理局(OSHA，包括州分会)是唯一认可NFPA-70E(工作场所电气安全标准)的政府机构。然而，职业安全与卫生管理局在采矿作业方面没有管辖权。金属和非金属露天采矿行业的电气安全由联邦法规(CFR)标题30，第56部分，子部分K(电气)涵盖。矿山安全与健康管理局(MSHA)负责执行采矿作业中的电气安全。CFR标题30没有提及个人防护装备(PPE)来保护电气工人免受电弧闪光危害。本文为地面金属/非金属采矿作业的维护和安全人员提供了一步一步的指导，以实施符合MSHA, CFR Title 30和NFPA-70E要求的电气安全计划。
{"title":"Arc flash hazard assessment in the mining industry","authors":"M. R. Hopper, N. C. Wright, Christopher B. Ivany","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074390","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to electrical safety in the workplace, arc flash has become the most prominent topic over the past decade. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, including state chapters) is the only government body that recognizes NFPA-70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. However, OSHA does not have jurisdiction in mining operations. Electrical safety for the metal and nonmetal surface mining industry is covered by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 30, Part 56, Subpart K (Electricity). The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is responsible for enforcing electrical safety in mining operations. CFR Title 30 does not reference personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect electrical workers against arc flash hazards. This paper provides maintenance and safety personnel in surface Metal/Nonmetal mining operations with a step by step guide to implementing an electrical safety program that meets the requirements of MSHA, CFR Title 30 and NFPA-70E.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123773545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074371
H. Marques, Á. Seidel, M. Perdigão, José Marcos Alonso Alvarez, E. S. Saraiva
This paper presents the development of a universal electronic ballast for TL5 lamps. The ballast intent is to efficiently operate the maximum number of TL5 lamps with different power ratings at nominal power, using a resonant variable inductance, provided by a magnetic regulator, while maintaining the switching frequency constant. A microcontroller and additional digital circuitry are used to command a dc-dc buck converter to supply the necessary dc control current to the magnetic regulator and to regulate the switching frequency of the half-bridge resonant inverter that supplies the lamp. The selection of the resonant capacitance is done in order to comply with the SoS limits established for each lamp. Experimental results with lamps ranging from 14W to 49W, HE and HO, are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Development of a universal electronic ballast for TL5 lamps using a magnetic regulator","authors":"H. Marques, Á. Seidel, M. Perdigão, José Marcos Alonso Alvarez, E. S. Saraiva","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a universal electronic ballast for TL5 lamps. The ballast intent is to efficiently operate the maximum number of TL5 lamps with different power ratings at nominal power, using a resonant variable inductance, provided by a magnetic regulator, while maintaining the switching frequency constant. A microcontroller and additional digital circuitry are used to command a dc-dc buck converter to supply the necessary dc control current to the magnetic regulator and to regulate the switching frequency of the half-bridge resonant inverter that supplies the lamp. The selection of the resonant capacitance is done in order to comply with the SoS limits established for each lamp. Experimental results with lamps ranging from 14W to 49W, HE and HO, are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122467348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074348
K. You, D. Xiao, M. F. Rahman, M. Uddin
This paper presents the application of reduced form of general direct space vector modulation(G-SVM) approach of ac-ac matrix converter theory to three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier. The reduced form of G-SVM and the derivation of three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier from three-phase ac-ac matrix converter are described and theoretically justified. A prominent feature of the reduced G-SVM controlled three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier, in addition to its capability of tight dc-voltage regulation, is the simple and direct control of the input ac current displacement phase angles (displacement power factors). Simulated and experimental verifications for this work have been presented and discussed.
{"title":"Applying reduced general direct space vector modulation approach of AC-AC matrix converter theory to achieve unity power factor controlled three-phase AC-DC matrix rectifier","authors":"K. You, D. Xiao, M. F. Rahman, M. Uddin","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074348","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of reduced form of general direct space vector modulation(G-SVM) approach of ac-ac matrix converter theory to three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier. The reduced form of G-SVM and the derivation of three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier from three-phase ac-ac matrix converter are described and theoretically justified. A prominent feature of the reduced G-SVM controlled three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier, in addition to its capability of tight dc-voltage regulation, is the simple and direct control of the input ac current displacement phase angles (displacement power factors). Simulated and experimental verifications for this work have been presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074413
Massimo Mitolo, M. Tartaglia
At the occurrence of phase-to-ground faults, abnormal levels of thermal energy I2t, due to the Joule effect, will be developed during the clearing time that protective devices take to operate. The I2t, also referred to as specific energy or Joule Integral, is accumulated within the elements forming the fault-loop, such as the protective conductors (also referred to as equipment grounding conductors), responsible to return ground-fault currents to the source. As a consequence, the temperature of these conductors elevates and may exceed, in the case of an incorrect design, the maximum value that their insulation can withstand. This dangerous situation can cause the failure of the conductor insulation and/or trigger fires in neighboring materials. The maximum I2t that protective conductors can endure is, therefore, crucial in order to guarantee the electrical safety. The parameters on which the maximum I2t depends are described by the factor k2, which will be herein discussed and analytically evaluated. The intention of the authors is to provide a theoretical support to the Power Systems Grounding Working Group of the Technical Books Coordinating Committee IEEE P3003.2 “Recommended Practice for Equipment Grounding and Bonding in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems”; the working group is currently elaborating a dot standard based on the IEEE standard 142-2007, also referred to as the Green Book. To this purpose, a comparison with existing formulae, currently present in codes, standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and of the IEEE, as well as in literature, will be also presented.
{"title":"An analytical evaluation of the factor k2 for protective conductors","authors":"Massimo Mitolo, M. Tartaglia","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074413","url":null,"abstract":"At the occurrence of phase-to-ground faults, abnormal levels of thermal energy I2t, due to the Joule effect, will be developed during the clearing time that protective devices take to operate. The I2t, also referred to as specific energy or Joule Integral, is accumulated within the elements forming the fault-loop, such as the protective conductors (also referred to as equipment grounding conductors), responsible to return ground-fault currents to the source. As a consequence, the temperature of these conductors elevates and may exceed, in the case of an incorrect design, the maximum value that their insulation can withstand. This dangerous situation can cause the failure of the conductor insulation and/or trigger fires in neighboring materials. The maximum I2t that protective conductors can endure is, therefore, crucial in order to guarantee the electrical safety. The parameters on which the maximum I2t depends are described by the factor k2, which will be herein discussed and analytically evaluated. The intention of the authors is to provide a theoretical support to the Power Systems Grounding Working Group of the Technical Books Coordinating Committee IEEE P3003.2 “Recommended Practice for Equipment Grounding and Bonding in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems”; the working group is currently elaborating a dot standard based on the IEEE standard 142-2007, also referred to as the Green Book. To this purpose, a comparison with existing formulae, currently present in codes, standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and of the IEEE, as well as in literature, will be also presented.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131102937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074431
A. Maknouninejad, N. Kutkut, I. Batarseh, Z. Qu
Microgrids are self contained, small-scale versions of the centralized electric power system, where power is produced, transmitted, consumed, and managed locally. They can operate as part of a host electrical power system (grid tie) or as stand alone when the main power grid is not available. Achieving a smooth mode transition from grid tie to standalone operation is an important aspect of microgrid operation. The concept of Generator Emulation Control (GEC) has already been proposed as a suitable control strategy for inverters, which offers a seamless and fast transient response especially during mode changes. This paper will present a detailed analysis of the GEC control scheme.
{"title":"Detailed analysis of generator emulation control impedance network of microgrid inverters","authors":"A. Maknouninejad, N. Kutkut, I. Batarseh, Z. Qu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074431","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids are self contained, small-scale versions of the centralized electric power system, where power is produced, transmitted, consumed, and managed locally. They can operate as part of a host electrical power system (grid tie) or as stand alone when the main power grid is not available. Achieving a smooth mode transition from grid tie to standalone operation is an important aspect of microgrid operation. The concept of Generator Emulation Control (GEC) has already been proposed as a suitable control strategy for inverters, which offers a seamless and fast transient response especially during mode changes. This paper will present a detailed analysis of the GEC control scheme.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132567163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-10DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2011.6074393
J. Mazumdar
A typical mining facility uses off-road mining trucks to haul materials, such as coal, ore, and overburden from the pit to a stockpile where the material can be stored or processed. A conventional haul truck operates with diesel engine, adding considerable fuel expenses to the entire mining operation. The haul trucks are required to have fast speed especially for uphill condition with large haulage capacity in order to satisfy the productivity requirement. The main objective of designing a haul truck is to reduce the cost per ton of hauled material. Generally, this can be achieved by improving the system efficiency, reducing the maintenance, and making larger trucks. The electric haul trucks have these advantages due to elimination of the mechanical conversion. The efficiency can be further improved by using overhead trolley line feeding electric power to the truck as much as possible. By this way, the operation time of diesel engine is reduced and the corresponding maintenance is significantly saved. One of the major concerns of using trolley system is the availability of the trolley line, which affects the productivity directly since one or more trucks rely on the trolley line. Hence it is extremely important that the power system with the right short circuit capability be designed. This paper presents the simulation results for the short circuit studies for different conditions, which cover the maximum and the short circuit currents. The results are expected to give good reference on the selection of power system network parameters.
{"title":"Short circuit simulation of mining haul trucks operating on trolley systems","authors":"J. Mazumdar","doi":"10.1109/IAS.2011.6074393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074393","url":null,"abstract":"A typical mining facility uses off-road mining trucks to haul materials, such as coal, ore, and overburden from the pit to a stockpile where the material can be stored or processed. A conventional haul truck operates with diesel engine, adding considerable fuel expenses to the entire mining operation. The haul trucks are required to have fast speed especially for uphill condition with large haulage capacity in order to satisfy the productivity requirement. The main objective of designing a haul truck is to reduce the cost per ton of hauled material. Generally, this can be achieved by improving the system efficiency, reducing the maintenance, and making larger trucks. The electric haul trucks have these advantages due to elimination of the mechanical conversion. The efficiency can be further improved by using overhead trolley line feeding electric power to the truck as much as possible. By this way, the operation time of diesel engine is reduced and the corresponding maintenance is significantly saved. One of the major concerns of using trolley system is the availability of the trolley line, which affects the productivity directly since one or more trucks rely on the trolley line. Hence it is extremely important that the power system with the right short circuit capability be designed. This paper presents the simulation results for the short circuit studies for different conditions, which cover the maximum and the short circuit currents. The results are expected to give good reference on the selection of power system network parameters.","PeriodicalId":268988,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133933039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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