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SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE CONSOLIDATION OF RURAL AREAS 巩固农村社会经济结构
I. Oprea, ;. N. (MARIN) ILIE, V. Turcea
Rural Romania and the agricultural sector development had recorded notable progress as direct results of previous rural development programs’ implementation, programs financed from both Europeans and national sources. Challenges are still to be tackled in the following financing periods as increased numbers of small scale farms, low level of technological upscale in the agricultural sector, rural degradation, farmers and rural population aging, undersupply of qualified workforce, environmental aspects that threat productivity, insufficient infrastructural development, low access at essential services and reduced number of value added products. In this specific context, in order to reach the highest economic and social rural potential and in particularly, the rural agro-food sector, it is essential that up-until-now efforts to be continued and improved. Have the key priorities been fulfilled for the National Rural Development Programme 2014- 2020? Have the key performance indicators been successfully implemented? What are the priorities with the largest-lowest accomplishment rate? These aspects do represent the scope of the article and additionally, there will be highlighted the necessary actions in order to consolidate the socio-economic structure of the rural areas.
罗马尼亚农村和农业部门的发展取得了显著进展,这是以往由欧洲和国家资助的农村发展项目实施的直接结果。在下列筹资期内仍需解决的挑战包括:小型农场数量增加、农业部门高级技术水平低、农村退化、农民和农村人口老龄化、合格劳动力供应不足、威胁生产力的环境因素、基础设施发展不足、基本服务的获取机会少、增值产品数量减少。在这种具体情况下,为了最大限度地发挥农村经济和社会潜力,特别是农村农业粮食部门,必须继续和改进迄今为止的努力。2014- 2020年国家农村发展计划的关键优先事项是否已经实现?关键绩效指标是否已成功实施?什么事情的优先级是最高最低的?这些方面确实代表了该条的范围,此外,还将强调为巩固农村地区的社会经济结构而采取的必要行动。
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引用次数: 0
PRICE STRATEGIES IN ROMANIA’S WINE MARKET 罗马尼亚葡萄酒市场的价格策略
C. Rădulescu, Maria-Loredana Popescu
Romanian wine producers/sellers face today – as in any other European (market) economy – challenges specific to such merchandise as alcoholic beverages, of which wines are a part, which, unlike (almost) any other type of product, can destroy consumers and therefore alter the very fabric of consumption process and mechanisms. These consumption limitations take their toll on any wine producer (or seller)’s capacity of profit maximising and can only add to the effects of a powerful foreign competition – which, in Romania, is more than ‘able’ to monopolise selling of most expensive wines –, and of the very reality Romania is (in relative terms) so poor a country that average level of consumers’ revenues simply cannot ‘insure’ – not for all, that is – profit maximising concept turning into reality. For all these reasons, a price strategy in the Romanian wine market is both indispensable and challenging.
罗马尼亚葡萄酒生产商/销售商今天同任何其他欧洲(市场)经济一样,面临着酒精饮料等商品特有的挑战,葡萄酒是酒精饮料的一部分,与(几乎)任何其他类型的产品不同,酒精饮料可以摧毁消费者,从而改变消费过程和机制的结构。这些消费限制对任何葡萄酒生产商(或销售商)利润最大化的能力造成了损害,只能增加强大的外国竞争的影响——在罗马尼亚,这不仅仅是“有能力”垄断最昂贵葡萄酒的销售——而且罗马尼亚(相对而言)是一个如此贫穷的国家,平均水平的消费者收入根本无法“确保”——不是所有人,也就是说——利润最大化的概念变成了现实。由于所有这些原因,罗马尼亚葡萄酒市场的价格策略是必不可少的,也是具有挑战性的。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTENERSHIPS IN EUROPEAN UNION 欧盟公私伙伴关系演变研究
R. Antohe
The multiple possibilities of the private sector to relieve the state of some tasks and its involvement in public services is a topic widely debated throughout the European Union, with positive effects on the functioning of the economic sector, especially agriculture. The involvement of economic entities belonging to the associative environment in sustainable development is essential in the context of the current economic crisis. This paper aims to analyze the effects and role of public-private partnership involvement, through a evolution analysis based on data provided by the European Commission. The present paper is based on the evolution of Public-private partnership and it has as main objective the highlighting of the similarities and discrepancies of this form of cooperation.
私营部门减轻国家某些任务的多种可能性及其参与公共服务是整个欧洲联盟广泛讨论的一个话题,对经济部门,特别是农业的运作产生积极影响。在当前经济危机的背景下,隶属于联合环境的经济实体参与可持续发展是必不可少的。本文旨在通过基于欧盟委员会提供的数据的演进分析,分析公私伙伴关系参与的影响和作用。本文以公私伙伴关系的演变为基础,其主要目标是突出这种合作形式的异同。
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引用次数: 0
PROCESSING OF PORK MEAT IN THE FUNCTION OF VALUE-ADDED CREATION AT THE FAMILY FARMS 猪肉加工在家庭农场中具有增值创造的功能
M. Jeločnik, L. Nastić, J. Subić
Creation of value-added at the farms could play great role in strengthening of their economic sustainability. Serbia has long tradition in pig farming. This subsector of agriculture in last few decades is facing the negative trend in production capacities (decrease in active farms and number of pigs) and it is mainly based on economically weak family farms characterized by small number of pigs. On the other hand it is obvious the strengthening of their specialization to pig farming. This line of agricultural production is specifically under the higher production risks mainly influenced by pork cycle and some market risks. Thus, the often and expressed price oscillation affects primarily the sustainability of small farms, disabling the proper planning of production and endangering their survival. Processing of pork meat at small family farms could be a good solution for income stabilization, where created value added could induce better competitiveness of the farms. The main goal of the paper is to present the economic potential of the conduction of pork meat processing at small family farms, in scenarios with or without of employment of external labour. In this context, it was used the analytical calculations based on variable costs (contribution margin). Gained results show that comparing to pig growing, organization of mentioned activity will significantly increase the farm incomes in both cases, impacting the many positive effects on farm sustainability.
在农场创造增值可以在加强其经济可持续性方面发挥重要作用。塞尔维亚养猪有着悠久的传统。这一农业分部门在过去几十年中面临着生产能力的消极趋势(活跃农场和生猪数量减少),主要以生猪数量少、经济薄弱的家庭农场为基础。另一方面,他们对生猪养殖的专业化程度明显加强。这一行农业生产具体处于较高的生产风险之下,主要受猪肉周期和部分市场风险的影响。因此,经常出现的价格波动主要影响到小农场的可持续性,使适当的生产规划无法进行,并危及它们的生存。在小型家庭农场加工猪肉可以很好地稳定收入,在这种情况下,创造的附加值可以提高农场的竞争力。本文的主要目标是介绍在有或没有雇用外部劳动力的情况下,在小型家庭农场进行猪肉加工的经济潜力。在这方面,采用的是基于可变费用(贡献差额)的分析计算。所得结果表明,与养猪相比,上述活动的组织将显著增加两种情况下的农场收入,对农场可持续性产生许多积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
CAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP BE A STRATEGIC OPTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL SPACE IN ROMANIA? 创业能成为罗马尼亚农村空间发展的战略选择吗?
C. Rotaru, V. Dumitrache
Entrepreneurship is a key ingredient needed by transition countries to strengthen their growing market economies, being a catalyst for growth and development. For hundreds of years, rural space has been equivalent to land for agriculture, but innovations in industry and technology have changed the notion of rural space and expanded its area of activity. Thus, the rural space cannot be considered any longer as being intended only for agriculture, but can be likened to a hub of opportunities, facilitating the development of popular tourism, small businesses related to tourism activities, activities that can lead to economic development of rural communities. Romania has demonstrated an important potential for rural growth and has seen substantial improvements both in its rural business environment and in its socio-economic environments. This paper contributes to the research on entrepreneurship in rural areas by focusing on innovations that could be implemented in Romania for rural development. Those innovations in rural entrepreneurship are seen as a solution for developing new business models, creating and increasing jobs number, directly linked to the economic performance of regions.
企业家精神是转型国家加强其日益增长的市场经济所需的关键因素,是增长和发展的催化剂。数百年来,农村空间一直相当于农业用地,但工业和技术的创新改变了农村空间的概念,扩大了农村空间的活动范围。因此,农村空间不能再被视为仅仅用于农业,而可以被比作一个机会的枢纽,促进流行旅游业的发展,与旅游活动相关的小企业,可以导致农村社区经济发展的活动。罗马尼亚已显示出农村增长的重要潜力,并在农村商业环境和社会经济环境方面取得了重大改善。本文通过关注可在罗马尼亚实施的农村发展创新,为农村创业研究做出了贡献。这些农村创业创新被视为发展新商业模式、创造和增加就业机会的解决方案,与地区经济绩效直接相关。
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引用次数: 0
PORK MEAT MARKET BEHAVIOR SINCE 2018 UNTIL NOW IN ROMANIA 罗马尼亚猪肉市场自2018年至今的表现
Dorin Martin
This period was chosen due to the occurrence during this time interval of some phenomena that disturbed a pork market, at the same time and a challenge for the pig farmers forced to adapt to the new situation. In the context of the appearance in Romania and in other EU countries of the African Swine Fever epidemic which led to the drastic reduction of the pig herds and subsequently of the COVID 19 epidemic the pork market suffered several fluctuations during this period. Due to the specific situation of Romania with a large number of pigs raised in households, the epidemic has a significant impact on the number of pigs, who drastically reduced during this period. For this purpose, we performed for the period 2018 - 2020 an analysis of pork prices, pig herds, imports and exports and pork market behaviour for this period. Main objective is to provide an overview of the Romanian economic situation in terms of livestock, in order to highlight the importance of local farms and, therefore, its major impact on the economy.
之所以选择这一时期,是因为在这段时间间隔内出现了一些扰乱猪肉市场的现象,同时也给养猪户带来了适应新形势的挑战。在罗马尼亚和其他欧盟国家出现非洲猪瘟疫情的背景下,导致猪群急剧减少,随后又出现了COVID - 19疫情,猪肉市场在此期间经历了几次波动。由于罗马尼亚家庭养猪数量较多的具体情况,疫情对生猪数量产生了重大影响,在此期间生猪数量急剧减少。为此,我们对2018 - 2020年期间的猪肉价格、猪群、进出口和猪肉市场行为进行了分析。主要目的是概述罗马尼亚在畜牧业方面的经济状况,以便强调当地农场的重要性,从而强调其对经济的重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
ROMANIA'S SITUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHALLENGE RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 罗马尼亚在与环境保护有关的挑战方面的情况
Goergiana-Raluca Lădaru, F. Marin, Marilena E. Potârniche
The article addresses the issues of the environment in the context of increasingly intense discussions on climate compliance. The article addresses the situation of Romania in comparison with other member states of the European Union, proceeding to the inventory of the main variables that characterize the situation of the environment and its influence on the economy such as the revenues collected from environmental taxes, the level of gas emissions, the productivity of resources or the consumption of resources depending on the Member State. The interpretation of the collected and analyzed statistical data has shown that Romania is one of the states with high consumption of resources and, at the same time, with low efficiency of the use of resources in terms of productivity.
本文在气候合规讨论日益激烈的背景下探讨了环境问题。这篇文章将罗马尼亚的情况与欧洲联盟其他成员国进行了比较,接着列举了构成环境状况及其对经济的影响的主要变量,例如从环境税中征收的收入、气体排放水平、资源生产率或取决于成员国的资源消耗。对收集和分析的统计数据的解释表明,罗马尼亚是资源消耗高的国家之一,同时,在生产力方面,资源利用效率低。
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引用次数: 0
THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ROMANIA'S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 农村人口在罗马尼亚区域发展的背景下
M. Cucu
The Romanian rural area has experienced numerous changes from 1989 to the present. The development in an accelerated rhythm of the urban area compared to the rural area encouraged the migration of the population, this action being influenced by the discrepancies registered at regional level. Lately, the rural space is characterized by heterogeneity determined by the unequal process of village development. This paper presents the analysis of the number of inhabitants in rural areas in accordance with a series of indicators with a significant impact on living standards. The research results reflect the current dynamics of rural population migration and the related trend in each region. The concentration of the population in the highly developed areas leads to the depopulation of villages with a low pace of development.
从1989年到现在,罗马尼亚农村地区经历了许多变化。与农村地区相比,城市地区的发展节奏加快,鼓励了人口的移徙,这一行动受到区域一级所记录的差异的影响。近年来,乡村空间呈现出由乡村发展的不平等过程所决定的异质性特征。本文根据一系列对生活水平有重大影响的指标对农村人口数量进行了分析。研究结果反映了当前各地区农村人口迁移动态及相关趋势。人口向经济高度发达地区集中,导致发展速度较慢的村庄人口减少。
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引用次数: 0
OVERVIEW ON FACTORS WEAKENING THE RELATIVE COMPETITIVENESS OF FOOD VALUE CHAIN IN ROMANIA vs. EU 削弱罗马尼亚与欧盟食品价值链相对竞争力的因素综述
M. Rusali
The present paper aims to provide a basis for policy decision by undertaking investigations on certain factors recently affecting Romania’s food value chain competitiveness. The research highlights structural imbalances caused by the larger share of the primary production against the sector of capitalization on agricultural products, changes concerning the value added in the food chain in Romania, comparing to EU-28, shown by i.e. the decrease of the value added in Romania’s food chain, caused by agriculture and food industry down trend - the outcome provides indications residing in value of production structure of the agri-food processing industry, where the value added achieved in food and beverages industry has been severely exceeded by the up trending production costs.
本文旨在通过对最近影响罗马尼亚食品价值链竞争力的某些因素进行调查,为政策决策提供基础。研究强调了由于初级生产对农产品资本化部门的较大份额造成的结构不平衡,与欧盟28国相比,罗马尼亚食品链中增加值的变化表明,即罗马尼亚食品链中增加值的减少,这是由农业和食品工业下降趋势造成的-结果提供了存在于农业食品加工业生产结构价值的迹象。在食品和饮料工业中实现的附加值已经严重超过了生产成本的上升趋势。
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引用次数: 0
WINE MARKETING THROUGH SENSORY PERCEPTION 葡萄酒营销通过感官感知
Anca-Alexandra Ducman
This article aims to investigate wine marketing studies in connection with multisensory experiences. The study was conducted using a funnel-type search on Web of Science and Scopus indexed papers, following the indications from the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The purpose of the metaanalyses was to answer the following questions: (1) Who is the most influential author in wine-related crossmodal perception? (2) Are there proofs regarding the impact of multisensorial experience during wine tastings? (3) Are there proofs regarding the impact of multisensorial experience on wine sales?
本文旨在探讨与多感官体验相关的葡萄酒营销研究。本研究是按照PRISMA(系统评价和meta分析首选报告项目)声明的指示,在Web of Science和Scopus索引论文中使用漏斗式搜索进行的。meta分析的目的是回答以下问题:(1)谁是葡萄酒相关跨模式感知领域最具影响力的作者?(2)品酒过程中多感官体验的影响是否有证据?(3)多感官体验对葡萄酒销售的影响是否有证据?
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the International Conference Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy
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