Pub Date : 2012-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.655981
Amitai Etzioni, Laura Brodbeck
Debates around pension policy are often couched in terms of rights, while corresponding responsibilities associated with these rights are often regarded as onerous and oppressive. This is an unsatisfactory basis for designing pension institutions, since rights cannot be sustained without responsibilities. Social commitments, such as the commitment implied in the Social Security Act, reflect an intergenerational covenant that must be protected by younger generations who will only see benefits if future generations remain committed to the same responsibilities. The contract between America and its elders is not a real-time contract but one in which carrying out one's duties precedes collecting one's entitlements. Each right lays a claim on someone; and if that person does not honour the responsibilities of that claim, there can be no regime of rights. In short, the design of pensions around rights requires the public authority to address their corresponding responsibilities.
{"title":"Rights and responsibilities: the intergenerational covenant","authors":"Amitai Etzioni, Laura Brodbeck","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.655981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.655981","url":null,"abstract":"Debates around pension policy are often couched in terms of rights, while corresponding responsibilities associated with these rights are often regarded as onerous and oppressive. This is an unsatisfactory basis for designing pension institutions, since rights cannot be sustained without responsibilities. Social commitments, such as the commitment implied in the Social Security Act, reflect an intergenerational covenant that must be protected by younger generations who will only see benefits if future generations remain committed to the same responsibilities. The contract between America and its elders is not a real-time contract but one in which carrying out one's duties precedes collecting one's entitlements. Each right lays a claim on someone; and if that person does not honour the responsibilities of that claim, there can be no regime of rights. In short, the design of pensions around rights requires the public authority to address their corresponding responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.636250
J. Powell
As we look forward into the mid-twenty-first century, demographers have forecasted quite remarkable increases in the general population of the globe, which will also be reflected in increasing ageing populations. This paper explores how globalisation and its structural economic and social forces throws into flux the policies and practices of individual nation-states to address social, economic and political issues for older people focusing on pensions and health and social care. The paper will examine specific areas of the globe such as America, Europe, Asia and Africa before we discuss some of the key challenges and consequences of global ageing for global society. It highlights how research needs to move from being state centred to one which acknowledges global forces and the impact of populational ageing.
{"title":"The social and economic forces of global ageing in a global society","authors":"J. Powell","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.636250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.636250","url":null,"abstract":"As we look forward into the mid-twenty-first century, demographers have forecasted quite remarkable increases in the general population of the globe, which will also be reflected in increasing ageing populations. This paper explores how globalisation and its structural economic and social forces throws into flux the policies and practices of individual nation-states to address social, economic and political issues for older people focusing on pensions and health and social care. The paper will examine specific areas of the globe such as America, Europe, Asia and Africa before we discuss some of the key challenges and consequences of global ageing for global society. It highlights how research needs to move from being state centred to one which acknowledges global forces and the impact of populational ageing.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125143955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.655982
P. Ring
It is generally accepted there has been a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution provision in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, along with which comes a shift of pension risk to individuals. Having trust in defined contribution arrangements, and those involved in providing them, may be regarded as a strategy for coping with that risk. As the United Kingdom moves to adopt widespread auto-enrolment defined contribution provision in an attempt to increase retirement savings, these issues of risk and trust become even more important. Pension providers and regulators are aware of this, although the extent to which they can successfully enhance trust remains open to question. What may be crucial is the ability of individuals to “actively” engage in the development of trust in defined contribution pension provision. This relies on the structure of the United Kingdom's new auto-enrolment and National Employment Savings Trust framework, along with the positive engagement of employers, in tackling what has generally been a lack of public understanding and interest in pensions. The potential success of such reliance is open to question.
{"title":"Trust: a challenge for private pension policy","authors":"P. Ring","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.655982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.655982","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted there has been a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution provision in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, along with which comes a shift of pension risk to individuals. Having trust in defined contribution arrangements, and those involved in providing them, may be regarded as a strategy for coping with that risk. As the United Kingdom moves to adopt widespread auto-enrolment defined contribution provision in an attempt to increase retirement savings, these issues of risk and trust become even more important. Pension providers and regulators are aware of this, although the extent to which they can successfully enhance trust remains open to question. What may be crucial is the ability of individuals to “actively” engage in the development of trust in defined contribution pension provision. This relies on the structure of the United Kingdom's new auto-enrolment and National Employment Savings Trust framework, along with the positive engagement of employers, in tackling what has generally been a lack of public understanding and interest in pensions. The potential success of such reliance is open to question.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124140609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.655985
J. Midgley
Although social security retirement programmes have been established in many developing countries, they cover only a small proportion of the elderly population. The situation will become more pressing as the numbers of needy elderly people increase. Because conventional social security programmes are unlikely to meet their needs in the foreseeable future, the role of alternatives such as micro-insurance should be explored. The article examines recent innovations in micro-insurance designed to protect elderly people and considers their potential to contribute to national efforts to provide social protection to all.
{"title":"Social protection and the elderly in the developing world: mutual aid, micro-insurance, and the state","authors":"J. Midgley","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.655985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.655985","url":null,"abstract":"Although social security retirement programmes have been established in many developing countries, they cover only a small proportion of the elderly population. The situation will become more pressing as the numbers of needy elderly people increase. Because conventional social security programmes are unlikely to meet their needs in the foreseeable future, the role of alternatives such as micro-insurance should be explored. The article examines recent innovations in micro-insurance designed to protect elderly people and considers their potential to contribute to national efforts to provide social protection to all.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"326 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121260550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.636257
R. Weaver
Social capital is receiving attention from the scholarly community as a potential mechanism for reducing poverty and promoting economic well-being. In this study, data are analyzed from Canada's nationally representative General Social Survey in order to estimate the associations between two social capital dimensions; that is, trust and voting behavior, and economic well-being. The results suggest that both generalized and particularized forms of trust as well as voting in national and local elections are positively associated with economic well-being. The policy and programmatic implications emanating from the study's results are discussed and recommendations for future studies are also provided.
{"title":"Social capital and its role in poverty reduction: a Canadian-based analysis","authors":"R. Weaver","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.636257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.636257","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital is receiving attention from the scholarly community as a potential mechanism for reducing poverty and promoting economic well-being. In this study, data are analyzed from Canada's nationally representative General Social Survey in order to estimate the associations between two social capital dimensions; that is, trust and voting behavior, and economic well-being. The results suggest that both generalized and particularized forms of trust as well as voting in national and local elections are positively associated with economic well-being. The policy and programmatic implications emanating from the study's results are discussed and recommendations for future studies are also provided.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127551586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.636253
M. Pawar
This article discusses the adoption of a rights-based approach through legislative provisions in India. Drawing on the secondary data analysis, it develops a heuristic taxonomy to analyse and improve welfare policies and their implementation. It argues that many nation-states need to employ rights-based approaches and enabling policies to enhance the well-being of people. Towards this, social work and social development knowledge and skills can be effectively applied.
{"title":"The adoption of a rights-based approach to welfare in India","authors":"M. Pawar","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.636253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.636253","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the adoption of a rights-based approach through legislative provisions in India. Drawing on the secondary data analysis, it develops a heuristic taxonomy to analyse and improve welfare policies and their implementation. It argues that many nation-states need to employ rights-based approaches and enabling policies to enhance the well-being of people. Towards this, social work and social development knowledge and skills can be effectively applied.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2011.595077
R. Woodcock
The neoliberal philosophy that presently dominates social work in America is often accepted by social workers without question; and when it does come into focus, it is commonly treated as the only perspective that could make sense or be ethical. But in fact every philosophy, including neoliberalism, sometimes calls for tough judgments and requires unpleasant commitments. Many social workers may find that an eclectic and dispassionate but informed approach works best in practice. This article provides thumbnail sketches and cross-comparisons among some of the most commonly mentioned political philosophies, so as to help social workers interpret dialogues, understand clients’ views, and identify potentially divergent threads in their own political orientations.
{"title":"Knowing where you stand: Neoliberal and other foundations for social work","authors":"R. Woodcock","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2011.595077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2011.595077","url":null,"abstract":"The neoliberal philosophy that presently dominates social work in America is often accepted by social workers without question; and when it does come into focus, it is commonly treated as the only perspective that could make sense or be ethical. But in fact every philosophy, including neoliberalism, sometimes calls for tough judgments and requires unpleasant commitments. Many social workers may find that an eclectic and dispassionate but informed approach works best in practice. This article provides thumbnail sketches and cross-comparisons among some of the most commonly mentioned political philosophies, so as to help social workers interpret dialogues, understand clients’ views, and identify potentially divergent threads in their own political orientations.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116635285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.636258
Dorlisa J. Minnick
Because sex trafficking is a global phenomenon, the United Nations placed a call to action to its member nations to develop a comprehensive sex trafficking policy. As might be anticipated, variation occurred among nations in developing policy initiatives. The literature points to this variation but little has been published on understanding the underlying components of the variation. In this article, the characteristics of innovators, the environmental context, and the innovation of comprehensive sex trafficking policy, categorized into nodality, authority, organization, and treasure, are conceptualized, using a diffusion of innovations theoretical framework. Additionally, international indices of the Human Development Index, the Gender Disparity Index, and the Gender Empowerment Measurement are operationalized within the proposed diffusion of innovations model for anti-sex trafficking policy adoption.
{"title":"Diffusion of innovation in modeling anti-sex trafficking policy adoption","authors":"Dorlisa J. Minnick","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.636258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.636258","url":null,"abstract":"Because sex trafficking is a global phenomenon, the United Nations placed a call to action to its member nations to develop a comprehensive sex trafficking policy. As might be anticipated, variation occurred among nations in developing policy initiatives. The literature points to this variation but little has been published on understanding the underlying components of the variation. In this article, the characteristics of innovators, the environmental context, and the innovation of comprehensive sex trafficking policy, categorized into nodality, authority, organization, and treasure, are conceptualized, using a diffusion of innovations theoretical framework. Additionally, international indices of the Human Development Index, the Gender Disparity Index, and the Gender Empowerment Measurement are operationalized within the proposed diffusion of innovations model for anti-sex trafficking policy adoption.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132613833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.636251
B. Eriksson, Shinji Ishida, M. Ishibashi, Masahiro Iwakiri, Kirsti Kuusela, Masaaki Nimonji
In many countries, including Japan and Sweden, societal help and support for people with mental disabilities have been reformed, with the aim of achieving a more normalized life and closer integration in the local community for this group. Day-activity facilities may be one tool for such a transition. In this article, three day-activity facilities in Japan and Sweden respectively are examined and compared. Managers at all six units were interviewed and given identical – qualitative and quantitative – questions. The data were systematically cross-culturally compared, and the results presented in seven categories: general conditions, activities, participants, organization/management/staff, finances, ideological features, and factors of success and failure. There is an overarching similarity between the two countries, but there are also differences in some respects. The Japanese units are private, while the Swedish units are publicly run. In both countries a broad range of activities are offered in the units. The Japanese units seem to stress factors of friendship, a calm environment and feeling comfortable and safe, while the Swedish units are somewhat more directed towards personal relations, support in daily life and job preparation. Day-activity facilities seem to facilitate normalization and integration in the local community, but need to be continuously scrutinized and improved.
{"title":"Normalization and mental health support: a comparative study on day-activity facilities for people with mental disabilities in Japan and Sweden","authors":"B. Eriksson, Shinji Ishida, M. Ishibashi, Masahiro Iwakiri, Kirsti Kuusela, Masaaki Nimonji","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.636251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.636251","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, including Japan and Sweden, societal help and support for people with mental disabilities have been reformed, with the aim of achieving a more normalized life and closer integration in the local community for this group. Day-activity facilities may be one tool for such a transition. In this article, three day-activity facilities in Japan and Sweden respectively are examined and compared. Managers at all six units were interviewed and given identical – qualitative and quantitative – questions. The data were systematically cross-culturally compared, and the results presented in seven categories: general conditions, activities, participants, organization/management/staff, finances, ideological features, and factors of success and failure. There is an overarching similarity between the two countries, but there are also differences in some respects. The Japanese units are private, while the Swedish units are publicly run. In both countries a broad range of activities are offered in the units. The Japanese units seem to stress factors of friendship, a calm environment and feeling comfortable and safe, while the Swedish units are somewhat more directed towards personal relations, support in daily life and job preparation. Day-activity facilities seem to facilitate normalization and integration in the local community, but need to be continuously scrutinized and improved.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486831.2012.655987
C. Aspalter
{"title":"Development, Poverty of Culture and Social Policy, by B. Mohan","authors":"C. Aspalter","doi":"10.1080/17486831.2012.655987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486831.2012.655987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134002373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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