Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598866
Rittirong Intarajinda, V. Chutiprapat, P. Bhasaputra, W. Pattaraprakorn
Thailand imports a large portion of crude oil which equals to 12 % of GDP in 2008 for driving the growth of Thailand economy. Several countermeasures are developed from various fields of responsibility in order to provide the sufficient and sustainable energy policy. This paper reviews the development of energy service company (ESCO) in Thailand which is expected to be an important player for the policy of energy conservation and efficiency. In addition, the strategic management of ESCO under the roles of Thai government, private organizations and ESCOs are also analyzed with the current countermeasures and the future trend measures by considering three options of energy performance contracting (EPC). The results of analysis show that the strategic management of ESCO mainly depends on the directive of Thai government especially the enforcement of law and regulation. The ESCO with guaranteed saving contract will be dominant player if the law and regulation are effective enforced in the future. Moreover, the ESCO with shared saving contract will be the highest feasibility under the fully supported financial; however, the participation of the ESCO with consultant contract will decrease with significant level. Finally, the strategic management of ESCOs in Thailand is presented.
{"title":"The strategic management of energy service company to enhance the sustainable energy management in Thailand","authors":"Rittirong Intarajinda, V. Chutiprapat, P. Bhasaputra, W. Pattaraprakorn","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598866","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand imports a large portion of crude oil which equals to 12 % of GDP in 2008 for driving the growth of Thailand economy. Several countermeasures are developed from various fields of responsibility in order to provide the sufficient and sustainable energy policy. This paper reviews the development of energy service company (ESCO) in Thailand which is expected to be an important player for the policy of energy conservation and efficiency. In addition, the strategic management of ESCO under the roles of Thai government, private organizations and ESCOs are also analyzed with the current countermeasures and the future trend measures by considering three options of energy performance contracting (EPC). The results of analysis show that the strategic management of ESCO mainly depends on the directive of Thai government especially the enforcement of law and regulation. The ESCO with guaranteed saving contract will be dominant player if the law and regulation are effective enforced in the future. Moreover, the ESCO with shared saving contract will be the highest feasibility under the fully supported financial; however, the participation of the ESCO with consultant contract will decrease with significant level. Finally, the strategic management of ESCOs in Thailand is presented.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122197358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598855
Dumri Jansangsuk, C. Khanoknaiyakarn, P. Promvonge
The paper presents an experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a rectangular channel fitted with periodic triangular v-pattern ribs. The ribs are tested for pointing downstream (v-down) to the flow. The channel has an aspect ratio (width to height ratio), AR = 10 and height, H = 30 mm; the rib-to-channel height, e/H = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3; the rib pitch to channel height, PR=P/H = 3 and 4; the attack angle (α) of 30° relative to the flow direction. The experiment has been conducted by varying air flow velocity in order to adjust Reynolds number range from 5000 to 20,000. The upper plate of channel is uniformly heated as a constant heat flux while the whole test section is covered with insulation to reduce heat loss to surroundings. These boundary conditions correspond closely to those founded in solar air heaters. The experimental results show a significant effect of the presence of the ribs on the heat transfer rate and pressure drop over the plain channel. The measured data indicates that the triangular v-type rib with e/H = 0.3 and PR =3 yields higher heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number, Nu, and the pressure drop in the form of friction factor, f, than the others and also much higher than the smooth wall channel.
{"title":"Experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop in a channel with triangular V-ribs","authors":"Dumri Jansangsuk, C. Khanoknaiyakarn, P. Promvonge","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598855","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a rectangular channel fitted with periodic triangular v-pattern ribs. The ribs are tested for pointing downstream (v-down) to the flow. The channel has an aspect ratio (width to height ratio), AR = 10 and height, H = 30 mm; the rib-to-channel height, e/H = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3; the rib pitch to channel height, PR=P/H = 3 and 4; the attack angle (α) of 30° relative to the flow direction. The experiment has been conducted by varying air flow velocity in order to adjust Reynolds number range from 5000 to 20,000. The upper plate of channel is uniformly heated as a constant heat flux while the whole test section is covered with insulation to reduce heat loss to surroundings. These boundary conditions correspond closely to those founded in solar air heaters. The experimental results show a significant effect of the presence of the ribs on the heat transfer rate and pressure drop over the plain channel. The measured data indicates that the triangular v-type rib with e/H = 0.3 and PR =3 yields higher heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number, Nu, and the pressure drop in the form of friction factor, f, than the others and also much higher than the smooth wall channel.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114211264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598794
M. R. Khan
Potential of thermoelectric power from bagasse by sugar mills of Pakistan was studied to explore whether a significant quantity of electricity could be produced from the biomass of this waste left as surplus after its use to fulfill mill's in-house requirements. The data concerning the production and disposal of bagasse and indigenous production of electricity for mill use by its incineration were collected from 8 sugar mills as models through successive visits/telephones and interviews of managements. The data from some mills were also collected via e-mail and telephone. The production data at Pakistan level was collected from Pakistan Sugar Mills Association by interviewing its office holders. The results indicated that there is a significant potential of production of thermoelectric power from biomass of bagasse surplus in sugar mills. Assuming that the mills run twenty four hourly for 100 days a year, the total production of bagasse on the basis of cane crushed in 2008–09 was 17,835,000/m ton per annum or 7,431 m ton per hour. When averaged on the basis of the cane crushed over the last three years, it turned out to be 16,603,370 m ton per annum and 6,918 m ton per hour and if on recent five years, it come out to be 13,569,180 m ton per annum and 5,654 m ton per hour. The electricity produced for these three scenarios would be 1,304mw/hr, 1,236mw/hr and 992mw/hr. The current production of electricity by sugar mills on the basis of average from models is 478mw/hr. Thus there is an extra potential of production of electricity by sugar mills 826 mw/hr, 736mw/hr and 514mw/hr in these scenarios. The interviewees also claimed that there was a potential of production of electricity amounting to 1,600mw/hr by sugar mills of Pakistan from molasses a by-product of sugar industry through biogas technology. This leads to an overall potential of 2,426mw/hr, 2,336mw/hr and 2114mw/hr respectively. The results look quite encouraging as these can be used in policy framework to be developed for controlling energy crises in Pakistan and can be reproduced all over the globe to help in overcoming energy crises at large.
{"title":"Potential of thermoelectric power from bagasse by sugar mills of Pakistan","authors":"M. R. Khan","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598794","url":null,"abstract":"Potential of thermoelectric power from bagasse by sugar mills of Pakistan was studied to explore whether a significant quantity of electricity could be produced from the biomass of this waste left as surplus after its use to fulfill mill's in-house requirements. The data concerning the production and disposal of bagasse and indigenous production of electricity for mill use by its incineration were collected from 8 sugar mills as models through successive visits/telephones and interviews of managements. The data from some mills were also collected via e-mail and telephone. The production data at Pakistan level was collected from Pakistan Sugar Mills Association by interviewing its office holders. The results indicated that there is a significant potential of production of thermoelectric power from biomass of bagasse surplus in sugar mills. Assuming that the mills run twenty four hourly for 100 days a year, the total production of bagasse on the basis of cane crushed in 2008–09 was 17,835,000/m ton per annum or 7,431 m ton per hour. When averaged on the basis of the cane crushed over the last three years, it turned out to be 16,603,370 m ton per annum and 6,918 m ton per hour and if on recent five years, it come out to be 13,569,180 m ton per annum and 5,654 m ton per hour. The electricity produced for these three scenarios would be 1,304mw/hr, 1,236mw/hr and 992mw/hr. The current production of electricity by sugar mills on the basis of average from models is 478mw/hr. Thus there is an extra potential of production of electricity by sugar mills 826 mw/hr, 736mw/hr and 514mw/hr in these scenarios. The interviewees also claimed that there was a potential of production of electricity amounting to 1,600mw/hr by sugar mills of Pakistan from molasses a by-product of sugar industry through biogas technology. This leads to an overall potential of 2,426mw/hr, 2,336mw/hr and 2114mw/hr respectively. The results look quite encouraging as these can be used in policy framework to be developed for controlling energy crises in Pakistan and can be reproduced all over the globe to help in overcoming energy crises at large.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114346252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598773
Mohd Farriz Basar, Azhan Ab. Rahman, A. Din, Y. Yahaya, Zubir Mahmod
Once the non-renewable energy such as petroleum, coal, gas and nuclear have been used, it cannot be restored. Many countries in the world are heavily dependent on the non-renewable energy and polluting sources to generate electricity. This would cause the greenhouse gas emissions and would have adverse effects on the country due to the climate changes. Generally, 75% of earth is covered by the ocean and for that reason; converting the surface wave energy into electricity essentially is a form of renewable energy available on the earth. Thus, this paper describes the design and development of green electricity generation system using surface wave power for small-scale applications. The generation system is presented by the handy floating box that consists of neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, 1,000 turns of solenoid wires and voltage multiplier system. As oceans waves moves along the floating device, the solenoid rocks back and forth the permanent magnet and hence the relative motion produces electrical power. From the experimental works, it gives a significant result and shows a positive indicator on the effort to harnessing this clean energy.
{"title":"Design and development of green electricity generation system using ocean surface wave","authors":"Mohd Farriz Basar, Azhan Ab. Rahman, A. Din, Y. Yahaya, Zubir Mahmod","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598773","url":null,"abstract":"Once the non-renewable energy such as petroleum, coal, gas and nuclear have been used, it cannot be restored. Many countries in the world are heavily dependent on the non-renewable energy and polluting sources to generate electricity. This would cause the greenhouse gas emissions and would have adverse effects on the country due to the climate changes. Generally, 75% of earth is covered by the ocean and for that reason; converting the surface wave energy into electricity essentially is a form of renewable energy available on the earth. Thus, this paper describes the design and development of green electricity generation system using surface wave power for small-scale applications. The generation system is presented by the handy floating box that consists of neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, 1,000 turns of solenoid wires and voltage multiplier system. As oceans waves moves along the floating device, the solenoid rocks back and forth the permanent magnet and hence the relative motion produces electrical power. From the experimental works, it gives a significant result and shows a positive indicator on the effort to harnessing this clean energy.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132578356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598875
S. Katithummarugs, A. Apiwattananon, P. Labchareonwong, N. Sirisophonwattana, N. Teera-achariyakul, D. Rerkpreedapong
This paper proposes the reliability index forecast of the feeders in the central area of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), during 2002 – 2009. The failure rate distribution of each protective device (Breaker, Recloser and Fuse) is assumed by Weibull distribution. In addition, fuzzy set is introduced to describe the uncertainty of those failure rates by combining each failure rate of protective devices which effect to a load point. Finally, the incoming year System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) of each feeder can be calculated by fuzzy principle base on the evaluated failure rates and number of customers at that load point.
{"title":"Reliability index forecast by fuzzy principle","authors":"S. Katithummarugs, A. Apiwattananon, P. Labchareonwong, N. Sirisophonwattana, N. Teera-achariyakul, D. Rerkpreedapong","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598875","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the reliability index forecast of the feeders in the central area of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), during 2002 – 2009. The failure rate distribution of each protective device (Breaker, Recloser and Fuse) is assumed by Weibull distribution. In addition, fuzzy set is introduced to describe the uncertainty of those failure rates by combining each failure rate of protective devices which effect to a load point. Finally, the incoming year System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) of each feeder can be calculated by fuzzy principle base on the evaluated failure rates and number of customers at that load point.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127237005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598787
Shung-Wen Kang, Meng-Yuan Kuo, Jian-you chen, W. Lu
In this investigation, a gamma-configuration Stirling engine is designed and constructed. The single and twin power cylinder engines are tested with air at atmospheric pressure by using an electric heater as a heat source. The engine is tested with heater input of 156.3W, 187.6W, and 223.2W. Variations of engine torque, shaft power and brake thermal efficiency with engine speed and engine performance at various heat inputs are presented. The results indicate that at the maximum heater input of 223.2 W, the heater temperature for single power cylinder and twin power cylinder are 612°C and 574°C. The two engines produce a maximum torque of 0.13 Nm at 405 rpm and 0.15 Nm at 412 rpm; a maximum shaft power of 5.73 W at 456 rpm and 6.47 W at 412 rpm; a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 2.57 % at 456 rpm and 2.9 % at 412 rpm, respectively.
{"title":"Fabrication and test of gamma-type Stirling engine","authors":"Shung-Wen Kang, Meng-Yuan Kuo, Jian-you chen, W. Lu","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598787","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, a gamma-configuration Stirling engine is designed and constructed. The single and twin power cylinder engines are tested with air at atmospheric pressure by using an electric heater as a heat source. The engine is tested with heater input of 156.3W, 187.6W, and 223.2W. Variations of engine torque, shaft power and brake thermal efficiency with engine speed and engine performance at various heat inputs are presented. The results indicate that at the maximum heater input of 223.2 W, the heater temperature for single power cylinder and twin power cylinder are 612°C and 574°C. The two engines produce a maximum torque of 0.13 Nm at 405 rpm and 0.15 Nm at 412 rpm; a maximum shaft power of 5.73 W at 456 rpm and 6.47 W at 412 rpm; a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 2.57 % at 456 rpm and 2.9 % at 412 rpm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133819573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598796
M. R. Khan
This research article integrates the work undertaken in sustainable development context by Lahore School of Economics to study feasibility of production of thermoelectric power by incineration of biomass of solid waste of Lahore School of Economics (LSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Kinnaird College (KC) and Government College University Lahore (GCUL). The researchers collected requisite data concerning production and disposal of solid waste from scheduled institutions and that concerning the production of electricity from solid waste such as bagasse from Pattoki Sugar Mill. The data were used to design different projects which were subsequently appraised to determine their B/C Ratio, NPV by discounted cash flow techniques and payback period by conventional method. The appraisal of basic projects indicated that the projection was not feasible for scheduled institutions except Government College University Lahore which qualified the criteria of feasibility. Factors that rendered projects non-feasible were the cost of land and insufficient amount of solid waste. The projects could be pulled towards feasibility by changing these parameters. Thus the appraisal provides a solid base for working out strategies to exploit this source at institution to global level to overcome the ongoing energy crises. This policy paper attempts to answer,“ How to work out these strategies?”.
{"title":"Production of thermoelectric power from solid waste of some educational institutions of Lahore","authors":"M. R. Khan","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598796","url":null,"abstract":"This research article integrates the work undertaken in sustainable development context by Lahore School of Economics to study feasibility of production of thermoelectric power by incineration of biomass of solid waste of Lahore School of Economics (LSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Kinnaird College (KC) and Government College University Lahore (GCUL). The researchers collected requisite data concerning production and disposal of solid waste from scheduled institutions and that concerning the production of electricity from solid waste such as bagasse from Pattoki Sugar Mill. The data were used to design different projects which were subsequently appraised to determine their B/C Ratio, NPV by discounted cash flow techniques and payback period by conventional method. The appraisal of basic projects indicated that the projection was not feasible for scheduled institutions except Government College University Lahore which qualified the criteria of feasibility. Factors that rendered projects non-feasible were the cost of land and insufficient amount of solid waste. The projects could be pulled towards feasibility by changing these parameters. Thus the appraisal provides a solid base for working out strategies to exploit this source at institution to global level to overcome the ongoing energy crises. This policy paper attempts to answer,“ How to work out these strategies?”.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598802
I. Hussein, N. Raman
Malaysia is blessed with abundant streams and rivers flowing from highland areas, thus promise it with a lot of hydro power potential. To date Malaysia had utilized these potential in the range of large and mini hydropower but very few in the micro hydro range. This paper presents the results of reconnaissance studies carried out to identify the micro hydro potential sites in Malaysia. The reconnaissance studies were conducted with data from the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia, (JUPEM) and Metrological Department Malaysia. All the identified streams were located in areas which are accessible and/or showed evidence of settlements. Only streams with high head i.e. above 50m, were considered in this study. From the reconnaissance studies, a total of 149 sites were identified. However, the energy demand for micro hydro was found not significant as most areas in Malaysia are electrified. Still, micro hydro generation may serve as alternative renewable energy source in future amid rising electricity cost.
{"title":"Reconnaissance studies of micro hydro potential in Malaysia","authors":"I. Hussein, N. Raman","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598802","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is blessed with abundant streams and rivers flowing from highland areas, thus promise it with a lot of hydro power potential. To date Malaysia had utilized these potential in the range of large and mini hydropower but very few in the micro hydro range. This paper presents the results of reconnaissance studies carried out to identify the micro hydro potential sites in Malaysia. The reconnaissance studies were conducted with data from the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia, (JUPEM) and Metrological Department Malaysia. All the identified streams were located in areas which are accessible and/or showed evidence of settlements. Only streams with high head i.e. above 50m, were considered in this study. From the reconnaissance studies, a total of 149 sites were identified. However, the energy demand for micro hydro was found not significant as most areas in Malaysia are electrified. Still, micro hydro generation may serve as alternative renewable energy source in future amid rising electricity cost.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114818951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598774
Ching-Her Hwang, Chien-Chung Yao, Wen-Ching Lee
The aim of this paper is to identify the magnitude of the wave climate change, investigate the trend as well as the rate of the change. Due to the lack of long-term wave observations around Taiwan, numerical simulations are carried out to obtain a near 30 years wave database for the statistical analysis. The results demonstrate strong inter-annual variations of the wave climate. The wave energy and wave slope decreased. Started from 2003 to 2006, significant trend of increase of wave energy (250%) and slope (30%) are identified. Wave propagation directions also features significant shift from Eastward propagation direction more to the north.
{"title":"Evaluation of wave energy changes in Taiwan","authors":"Ching-Her Hwang, Chien-Chung Yao, Wen-Ching Lee","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598774","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to identify the magnitude of the wave climate change, investigate the trend as well as the rate of the change. Due to the lack of long-term wave observations around Taiwan, numerical simulations are carried out to obtain a near 30 years wave database for the statistical analysis. The results demonstrate strong inter-annual variations of the wave climate. The wave energy and wave slope decreased. Started from 2003 to 2006, significant trend of increase of wave energy (250%) and slope (30%) are identified. Wave propagation directions also features significant shift from Eastward propagation direction more to the north.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128179960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598856
S. Kwankaomeng, S. Skullong, T. Teschareon, P. Promvonge
The paper presents a study of heat transfer in a heat exchanger channel inserted with staggered inclined baffles. The channel has a square section with uniform wall heat flux conditions. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 4000 to 25,000. The inclined baffles with an axial pitch equal to three times of channel height and with the attack angle of 45° are mounted in tandem and staggered arrangement on the lower and upper walls of the test channel. Effects of four baffle-to-channel height ratios (e/H = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) on heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and pressure loss in the form of friction factor are experimentally investigated. The experimental result shows that the insertion of staggered inclined baffles with the e/H=0.4 provides higher heat transfer and friction factor values than others. This is caused by higher baffle-to-channel height ratios of using e/H = 0.4 interrupting the flow and diverting its direction thus promoting high levels of mixing over others.
{"title":"Thermal characteristics in square channel with 45° staggered baffle inserts","authors":"S. Kwankaomeng, S. Skullong, T. Teschareon, P. Promvonge","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598856","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a study of heat transfer in a heat exchanger channel inserted with staggered inclined baffles. The channel has a square section with uniform wall heat flux conditions. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 4000 to 25,000. The inclined baffles with an axial pitch equal to three times of channel height and with the attack angle of 45° are mounted in tandem and staggered arrangement on the lower and upper walls of the test channel. Effects of four baffle-to-channel height ratios (e/H = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) on heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and pressure loss in the form of friction factor are experimentally investigated. The experimental result shows that the insertion of staggered inclined baffles with the e/H=0.4 provides higher heat transfer and friction factor values than others. This is caused by higher baffle-to-channel height ratios of using e/H = 0.4 interrupting the flow and diverting its direction thus promoting high levels of mixing over others.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116618413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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