Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598778
Chantho Milattanapheng, Hatsady Sysoulath, J. Green, M. Kurukulasuriya
Lao PDR recognises that a secure and sustainable energy supply is crucial to the transformation of the country into a resilient, prosperous, rules-based and integrated within the ASEAN economic community. It also recognises the importance of engaging internationally in the global energy policy debate. The pace of implementation and, most importantly, the sustainability of the renewable energy strategy will hinge on the willingness of the country to act to reform and liberalise our energy sectors. This particularly involves action on cost-reflective fossil-fuel pricing and electricity tariffs, and removing fuel and tariff subsidies while still providing for the needs of the poorest consumer. International experience has shown that such action is crucial to encourage sustained private-sector investment and the deployment of renewable energy, energy efficiency and clean energy technologies.
{"title":"A renewable energy strategy for Lao PDR","authors":"Chantho Milattanapheng, Hatsady Sysoulath, J. Green, M. Kurukulasuriya","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598778","url":null,"abstract":"Lao PDR recognises that a secure and sustainable energy supply is crucial to the transformation of the country into a resilient, prosperous, rules-based and integrated within the ASEAN economic community. It also recognises the importance of engaging internationally in the global energy policy debate. The pace of implementation and, most importantly, the sustainability of the renewable energy strategy will hinge on the willingness of the country to act to reform and liberalise our energy sectors. This particularly involves action on cost-reflective fossil-fuel pricing and electricity tariffs, and removing fuel and tariff subsidies while still providing for the needs of the poorest consumer. International experience has shown that such action is crucial to encourage sustained private-sector investment and the deployment of renewable energy, energy efficiency and clean energy technologies.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133362182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598857
S. Kwankaomeng, W. Jedsadaratanachai, P. Promvonge
A numerical investigation has been carried out to study laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a three-dimensional isothermal wall square-channel with 30° staggered angled-baffles. The computations are based on the finite volume method, and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 100 to 1200. To generate a pair of streamwise counter-rotating vortex (P-vortex) flows through the tested channel, the baffles (like rectangular winglet) with the attack angle of 30° are mounted in tandem and staggered arrangement on both upper and lower walls of the test channel. Effects of different baffle heights at a single pitch ratio (PR=3) on heat transfer and pressure loss in the channel are studied. It is found that P-vortex flows created by the 30° baffle exist and help to induce impinging jets on a side wall and the upper and lower wall leading to drastic increase in heat transfer rate over the test channel. In addition, the increase in the baffle height results in the rise of Nusselt number and friction factor values. The computational results reveal that the optimum thermal enhancement factor of the baffle is about 2.9 at height of 0.15 times of the channel height.
{"title":"Laminar periodic flow and heat transfer in square channel with 30° inclined baffles","authors":"S. Kwankaomeng, W. Jedsadaratanachai, P. Promvonge","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598857","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical investigation has been carried out to study laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a three-dimensional isothermal wall square-channel with 30° staggered angled-baffles. The computations are based on the finite volume method, and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 100 to 1200. To generate a pair of streamwise counter-rotating vortex (P-vortex) flows through the tested channel, the baffles (like rectangular winglet) with the attack angle of 30° are mounted in tandem and staggered arrangement on both upper and lower walls of the test channel. Effects of different baffle heights at a single pitch ratio (PR=3) on heat transfer and pressure loss in the channel are studied. It is found that P-vortex flows created by the 30° baffle exist and help to induce impinging jets on a side wall and the upper and lower wall leading to drastic increase in heat transfer rate over the test channel. In addition, the increase in the baffle height results in the rise of Nusselt number and friction factor values. The computational results reveal that the optimum thermal enhancement factor of the baffle is about 2.9 at height of 0.15 times of the channel height.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598765
E. Zusman, H. Sutomo
In recent years, developing Asia's policymakers have exhibited a growing interest in climate actions. Many factors have contributed to this interest, including a future climate change regime that provides financial, technological and capacity building support for “nationally appropriate mitigation actions” (NAMAs) (UNFCCC, 2007). But among those factors with the greatest potential to shape the region's climate policies is research on low carbon development. This research has already demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of a low carbon future in China, India, Indonesia, and Asia's other emerging economies (Jiang 2009, Shukla, Dhar, and Mahapatra 2008, Shrestha, Pradhan, and Liyanage 2008, Retno and Kobashi 2010). This paper will nevertheless argue that low carbon studies could prove more policy relevant if they accounted for institutions.
近年来，亚洲发展中国家的政策制定者对气候行动表现出越来越大的兴趣。许多因素促成了这种兴趣，包括未来的气候变化制度为"适合国家的缓解行动" (NAMAs)提供资金、技术和能力建设支持(《联合国气候变化框架公约》，2007年)。但在那些最有可能影响该地区气候政策的因素中，对低碳发展的研究是最重要的。这项研究已经证明了中国、印度、印度尼西亚和亚洲其他新兴经济体实现低碳未来的技术和经济可行性(Jiang, 2009; Shukla, Dhar, and Mahapatra, 2008; Shrestha, Pradhan, and Liyanage, 2008; Retno and Kobashi, 2010)。然而，本文将论证，如果考虑到制度因素，低碳研究可以证明更具政策相关性。
{"title":"Institutions and low carbon transport: The case of a decentralizing Indonesia","authors":"E. Zusman, H. Sutomo","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598765","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, developing Asia's policymakers have exhibited a growing interest in climate actions. Many factors have contributed to this interest, including a future climate change regime that provides financial, technological and capacity building support for “nationally appropriate mitigation actions” (NAMAs) (UNFCCC, 2007). But among those factors with the greatest potential to shape the region's climate policies is research on low carbon development. This research has already demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of a low carbon future in China, India, Indonesia, and Asia's other emerging economies (Jiang 2009, Shukla, Dhar, and Mahapatra 2008, Shrestha, Pradhan, and Liyanage 2008, Retno and Kobashi 2010). This paper will nevertheless argue that low carbon studies could prove more policy relevant if they accounted for institutions.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129144680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598783
S. Bahri, E. Saputra, Irene Detrina, Yusnitawati, Muhdarina
Fossil fuel is the most important energy resources for human life whilst its production tend to decrease in recent year, hence it is needed an alternative renewable energy resources for replacement. Many researches were developed to investigate an alternative energy resource. The conversion of biomass to bio oil is one of the prospective alternative energy resources. This research used palm solid wastes from palm oil industry which consist of tree, stem and empty bunch as a sample material. Pyrolysis is a method selected. The process was conducted in a stainless steel tube reactor having diameter and length of 3.81 and 60 cm respectively, at temperature range of 450–600°C under flow of nitrogen. The best result of 58.75 % bio oil is achieved at run 600°C for the sample of the tree having diameter of −2+6 mesh. Analysis of the product conducted using a gas chromatograph HP 5890 II. Many compounds such as ethanol, benzene, toluene and xylen were identified among the product of bio oil produced.
{"title":"Bio oil from palm oil industry solid waste","authors":"S. Bahri, E. Saputra, Irene Detrina, Yusnitawati, Muhdarina","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598783","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel is the most important energy resources for human life whilst its production tend to decrease in recent year, hence it is needed an alternative renewable energy resources for replacement. Many researches were developed to investigate an alternative energy resource. The conversion of biomass to bio oil is one of the prospective alternative energy resources. This research used palm solid wastes from palm oil industry which consist of tree, stem and empty bunch as a sample material. Pyrolysis is a method selected. The process was conducted in a stainless steel tube reactor having diameter and length of 3.81 and 60 cm respectively, at temperature range of 450–600°C under flow of nitrogen. The best result of 58.75 % bio oil is achieved at run 600°C for the sample of the tree having diameter of −2+6 mesh. Analysis of the product conducted using a gas chromatograph HP 5890 II. Many compounds such as ethanol, benzene, toluene and xylen were identified among the product of bio oil produced.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120847712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598798
Shyh-Jiun Liu, W. Hwang, Chia-Hung Huang, Der‐Yuan Lee
Colloidal suspensions of spherical crystalline Pt nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were synthesized using a microwave synthesis process. Analogous Pt-complexes (Pt(dien)2+, Pt(trien)2+, and Pt(en)22+. where dien = diethylenetriamine, trien = triethylenetetraamine, en = ethylenediamine) were deposited onto Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder to obtain Pt/C-x catalysts (x = 3, 4, and 22 represents the coordination number of the chelating agent). The Pt/C-x catalysts were evaluated under PEMFC conditions. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the Pt/C-x catalysts. It was found that the Pt nanoparticles were uniform in size and highly dispersed on the carbon black supports. The chelating agents were expected to improve the growth of Pt particle size as well as the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles. In the PEMFC experiments, the mass-specific current density and mass-specific power density of the catalysts were as high as that of the commercial 20wt % Pt/C-ETEK catalyst.
{"title":"Chelate Effect on the synthesis of carbon supported Pt nanoparticles for PEMFC anodes","authors":"Shyh-Jiun Liu, W. Hwang, Chia-Hung Huang, Der‐Yuan Lee","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598798","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidal suspensions of spherical crystalline Pt nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were synthesized using a microwave synthesis process. Analogous Pt-complexes (Pt(dien)2+, Pt(trien)2+, and Pt(en)22+. where dien = diethylenetriamine, trien = triethylenetetraamine, en = ethylenediamine) were deposited onto Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder to obtain Pt/C-x catalysts (x = 3, 4, and 22 represents the coordination number of the chelating agent). The Pt/C-x catalysts were evaluated under PEMFC conditions. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the Pt/C-x catalysts. It was found that the Pt nanoparticles were uniform in size and highly dispersed on the carbon black supports. The chelating agents were expected to improve the growth of Pt particle size as well as the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles. In the PEMFC experiments, the mass-specific current density and mass-specific power density of the catalysts were as high as that of the commercial 20wt % Pt/C-ETEK catalyst.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124450983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598797
A. Ofoefule, C. Ibeto
A comparative study of the effect of chemical treatment on biogas production from Bambara nut (Vigna Subterranea) chaff and the chaff blended with; cow dung (BNC:CD), swine dung (BNC:SD), field grass (BNC:FG), and cassava peels (BNC:CP) in the ratio 1∶1, all treated with KOH (50% w/v) was investigated. The different variants from the treated wastes were charged into 50L metal prototype biodigesters in the ratio 3∶1 water to waste. They were all subjected to anaerobic digestion under a 65 day retention period and temperature range of 25°C–41°C. Results obtained showed that BNC had a cumulative gas yield of 186.9 ± 2.6 dm3/TMS (Total mass of slurry) with the flash point on the 5th day even though the flammability discontinued on the 9th day. Blending and chemical treatment increased the cumulative gas yields and sustained onset of gas flammability of the cow dung and field grass blends with the BNC: CD having cumulative gas yield of 223.80 ± 2.7dm3/TMS and flash point on the 26th day while BNC: FG had 207.70 ± 2.0dm3/TMS and flash point on the 56th day. However, there was no observed positive effect of the treatment on BNC: SD and BNC: CP with cumulative gas yields of 130.80 ± 2.3dm3/TMS and 132.30 ± 2.5 dm3/TMS respectively and with both systems not producing flammable biogas throughout the retention period. Results of mineral ions content showed that while most of the minerals were found in reasonable levels within the limits required, Ca2+ exceeded the limit and was actually at a level capable of inhibiting biogas production. Overall results showed that Bambara nut chaff is a highly unstable waste which blending and chemical treatment did not improve tremendously.
{"title":"Effect of chemical treatment on biogas production from Bambara nut (Vigna Subterranea) chaff and its blend with some wastes","authors":"A. Ofoefule, C. Ibeto","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598797","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of the effect of chemical treatment on biogas production from Bambara nut (Vigna Subterranea) chaff and the chaff blended with; cow dung (BNC:CD), swine dung (BNC:SD), field grass (BNC:FG), and cassava peels (BNC:CP) in the ratio 1∶1, all treated with KOH (50% w/v) was investigated. The different variants from the treated wastes were charged into 50L metal prototype biodigesters in the ratio 3∶1 water to waste. They were all subjected to anaerobic digestion under a 65 day retention period and temperature range of 25°C–41°C. Results obtained showed that BNC had a cumulative gas yield of 186.9 ± 2.6 dm3/TMS (Total mass of slurry) with the flash point on the 5th day even though the flammability discontinued on the 9th day. Blending and chemical treatment increased the cumulative gas yields and sustained onset of gas flammability of the cow dung and field grass blends with the BNC: CD having cumulative gas yield of 223.80 ± 2.7dm3/TMS and flash point on the 26th day while BNC: FG had 207.70 ± 2.0dm3/TMS and flash point on the 56th day. However, there was no observed positive effect of the treatment on BNC: SD and BNC: CP with cumulative gas yields of 130.80 ± 2.3dm3/TMS and 132.30 ± 2.5 dm3/TMS respectively and with both systems not producing flammable biogas throughout the retention period. Results of mineral ions content showed that while most of the minerals were found in reasonable levels within the limits required, Ca2+ exceeded the limit and was actually at a level capable of inhibiting biogas production. Overall results showed that Bambara nut chaff is a highly unstable waste which blending and chemical treatment did not improve tremendously.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124150795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598785
A. Awaluddin, Padil, S. Wahyuningsih
Biodiesel is one of alternative energies. Biodiesel can be made from coconut oil and is referred to as cocodiesel. This research studies the optimum condition of cocodiesel production by methanolysis reaction between coconut oil and methanol using heterogen catalyst of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is calcined for 1.5 hours at 900°C. In order to get optimum condition, several experimental parameters are applied such as catalyst concentration 1–3 %-wt and molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil 4∶1–12∶1. The optimum condition obtained from this experimental as follow: catalyst concentration was 2%, molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil was 8∶1 at 60°C, produced the higgest conversion of cocodiesel 75.02%. The cocodiesel meet the requirement of Standar National Indonesia (SNI) specifications, where the density was 860 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity was 2.44 mm2/s, flash point was 110°C, water content was 0,039%-v, setana number was 65.94, acid number was 0.049 mg KOH/g and iod number was 6.35 gr Iod/100 gr. Based on data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel.
{"title":"Making biodiesel from coconut oil by reaction metanolisis heterogeneous catalyst","authors":"A. Awaluddin, Padil, S. Wahyuningsih","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598785","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is one of alternative energies. Biodiesel can be made from coconut oil and is referred to as cocodiesel. This research studies the optimum condition of cocodiesel production by methanolysis reaction between coconut oil and methanol using heterogen catalyst of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is calcined for 1.5 hours at 900°C. In order to get optimum condition, several experimental parameters are applied such as catalyst concentration 1–3 %-wt and molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil 4∶1–12∶1. The optimum condition obtained from this experimental as follow: catalyst concentration was 2%, molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil was 8∶1 at 60°C, produced the higgest conversion of cocodiesel 75.02%. The cocodiesel meet the requirement of Standar National Indonesia (SNI) specifications, where the density was 860 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity was 2.44 mm2/s, flash point was 110°C, water content was 0,039%-v, setana number was 65.94, acid number was 0.049 mg KOH/g and iod number was 6.35 gr Iod/100 gr. Based on data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128457258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598876
A. Singh, S. Parida
Distributed generators (DGs) are small generating units connected directly to the distribution networks. As distribution networks are interconnected with the transmission networks, the impact of these DGs to enhance the reliability of the whole system can be observed. System loadability, total power loss in the system and total cost of the system are some of the important aspects in planning the DGs throughout the network. In this work, optimal sites for placement of DGs have been identified by using mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach. The optimal sites are the different distribution networks connected to the transmission system under consideration. Also, the sizing of the DGs is taken into consideration, while enhancing the reliability in terms of system loadability, total power loss in the system and total cost of the system. The approach includes three optimal power flow (OPF) problem formulations, in which the objectives are to maximize the system loadability, and minimize the total power loss in the system and total cost of the system subjected to the constraints of power balance equations, power flow limits in each transmission line, voltage limits at every bus. In these problem formulations one binary vector is introduced that indicates the site of the DG location at various load serving nodes. The results are illustrated on Standard 5-bus test system and IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS).
{"title":"Optimal placement of DGs using MINLP in deregulated electricity market","authors":"A. Singh, S. Parida","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598876","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generators (DGs) are small generating units connected directly to the distribution networks. As distribution networks are interconnected with the transmission networks, the impact of these DGs to enhance the reliability of the whole system can be observed. System loadability, total power loss in the system and total cost of the system are some of the important aspects in planning the DGs throughout the network. In this work, optimal sites for placement of DGs have been identified by using mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach. The optimal sites are the different distribution networks connected to the transmission system under consideration. Also, the sizing of the DGs is taken into consideration, while enhancing the reliability in terms of system loadability, total power loss in the system and total cost of the system. The approach includes three optimal power flow (OPF) problem formulations, in which the objectives are to maximize the system loadability, and minimize the total power loss in the system and total cost of the system subjected to the constraints of power balance equations, power flow limits in each transmission line, voltage limits at every bus. In these problem formulations one binary vector is introduced that indicates the site of the DG location at various load serving nodes. The results are illustrated on Standard 5-bus test system and IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS).","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115827439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598865
Kamron Hyodhyad, P. Srikaew
This paper is to summarize the result of road lighting energy saving project carried out by Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) through the use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. Energy saving using power reducing equipments for high pressure sodium (HPS) road lighting has been installed to alleviate the use. The result has been satisfactory with saving energy of about 25–30%. Investment cost leads to a large financing burden to PEA. Monitoring, maintenance and management systems have been strongly needed. Large number of road lighting is significant barrier to extend the project throughout the country. PPP scheme associated with Energy Service Company (ESCO) is a new approach to cope with these difficulties. Universities were adopted in dealing with this PPP project. Investment cost, financial charge and other expense were provided by the universities. Amount of actually saved energy stream would be paid to those universities until its investment costs have been fully recovered along the project contracting period. The result shows that the implementing scheme tends to be a sustainable project development. Moreover, the basis of financial scheme is able to be applied to other energy saving projects
{"title":"Result of road lighting energy saving project implementation through the use of public private partnership scheme","authors":"Kamron Hyodhyad, P. Srikaew","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598865","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is to summarize the result of road lighting energy saving project carried out by Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) through the use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. Energy saving using power reducing equipments for high pressure sodium (HPS) road lighting has been installed to alleviate the use. The result has been satisfactory with saving energy of about 25–30%. Investment cost leads to a large financing burden to PEA. Monitoring, maintenance and management systems have been strongly needed. Large number of road lighting is significant barrier to extend the project throughout the country. PPP scheme associated with Energy Service Company (ESCO) is a new approach to cope with these difficulties. Universities were adopted in dealing with this PPP project. Investment cost, financial charge and other expense were provided by the universities. Amount of actually saved energy stream would be paid to those universities until its investment costs have been fully recovered along the project contracting period. The result shows that the implementing scheme tends to be a sustainable project development. Moreover, the basis of financial scheme is able to be applied to other energy saving projects","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114155156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598788
C. Cristofari, G. Notton, M. Ezzat, L. Stoyanov, J. Canaletti, V. Lazarov
The energy problem of islands differs from those in mainland countries because islands need to manage their own energy supplies. The islands are good test beds for the utilization of renewable energy production and storage technologies. We present the main problems related to the electrical production in small islands and by the utilization of renewable energy plants; the necessity to integrate some energy storages is shown and various storage means are classified. At last, the hydro pumping storage will be presented as a good solution for participating to the increase of the penetration rate of renewable energies, particularly in island electrical grid.
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