Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598792
Siriprapa Panya, W. Pattaraprakorn, T. Detmote, P. Teansri, P. Bhasaputra
This paper estimates the outage cost of industries in Thailand. The information of planned outage costs and unplanned outage costs is obtained from surveyed sample of 800 industries in the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) service area. The analytical results show that the average unplanned outage costs in Central region, South region, Northeast region, and North region of Thailand are 1,634,117.02 Baht/year, 1,167,333.33 Baht/year, 1,043,197.67 Baht/year and 218,310.81 Baht/year, respectively. In addition, the average planned outage costs are lower than the unplanned outage cost about 60–90%. Moreover, the annual average duration and annual average frequency outage from customer survey are 128.40 minutes/year and 5.46 events/year, respectively. Furthermore, the results in this study indicate that the economic impact of unplanned outage costs is higher than the results of previous study in all PEA service areas although the actual system performances in term of system average outage frequency index (SAIFI) and system average outage duration index (SAIDI) have been continuously improved. Not only economic growth and high technology equipment of industries affect to the increasing of outage cost, but the internal factors of industries such as process characteristic, recovery time, machines and equipment, emergency power supply also involve to the outage costs.
{"title":"Economic impact of power outage in Thailand: Industry perspectives","authors":"Siriprapa Panya, W. Pattaraprakorn, T. Detmote, P. Teansri, P. Bhasaputra","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598792","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the outage cost of industries in Thailand. The information of planned outage costs and unplanned outage costs is obtained from surveyed sample of 800 industries in the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) service area. The analytical results show that the average unplanned outage costs in Central region, South region, Northeast region, and North region of Thailand are 1,634,117.02 Baht/year, 1,167,333.33 Baht/year, 1,043,197.67 Baht/year and 218,310.81 Baht/year, respectively. In addition, the average planned outage costs are lower than the unplanned outage cost about 60–90%. Moreover, the annual average duration and annual average frequency outage from customer survey are 128.40 minutes/year and 5.46 events/year, respectively. Furthermore, the results in this study indicate that the economic impact of unplanned outage costs is higher than the results of previous study in all PEA service areas although the actual system performances in term of system average outage frequency index (SAIFI) and system average outage duration index (SAIDI) have been continuously improved. Not only economic growth and high technology equipment of industries affect to the increasing of outage cost, but the internal factors of industries such as process characteristic, recovery time, machines and equipment, emergency power supply also involve to the outage costs.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598793
H. Hou, Mingshu Lee, Percy Hou
Shihmen reservoir was started in May 1963. The main purposes of Shihmen reservoir are for agriculture, power supply, flood control and tourism. Shihme Asn dam is an earth dam. Its crown height is 133m above mean sea level, with length 360 m, watershed 763.4 km2, and maximum volume 309 million cms. Turbidity in Shihmen dam was severely affected by typhoons Aere (2004) and Masa (2005). Increased deposition after Aere was 28 million cms. Turbidity at Shihmen Canal Inlet is 3000 NTU (Nephelometry Turbidity Unit). Sediment sluicing strategies for downstream channel are demanded. Therefore, diversionary sediment preventing channel is planned in the upstream of Shihmen reservoir. Finally, turbid flow in tunnel channel is bypassed and diverted its flow down to downstream.
{"title":"Shihmen sediment prevention diversion tunnel planning and design","authors":"H. Hou, Mingshu Lee, Percy Hou","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598793","url":null,"abstract":"Shihmen reservoir was started in May 1963. The main purposes of Shihmen reservoir are for agriculture, power supply, flood control and tourism. Shihme Asn dam is an earth dam. Its crown height is 133m above mean sea level, with length 360 m, watershed 763.4 km2, and maximum volume 309 million cms. Turbidity in Shihmen dam was severely affected by typhoons Aere (2004) and Masa (2005). Increased deposition after Aere was 28 million cms. Turbidity at Shihmen Canal Inlet is 3000 NTU (Nephelometry Turbidity Unit). Sediment sluicing strategies for downstream channel are demanded. Therefore, diversionary sediment preventing channel is planned in the upstream of Shihmen reservoir. Finally, turbid flow in tunnel channel is bypassed and diverted its flow down to downstream.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114286788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598790
N. Phuc, C. Marpaung, R. Shrestha
This paper presents a new generation expansion model that considers the fluctuation of fuel prices and effects of CO2 trading. This model is applied to Viet Nam power sector during 2013–2030. This model finds out the efficient curve containing all feasible technology mixes. Each feasible mix represented by a value of risk-aversion factor has different value of risk, revenue from CO2 trading and present value of total cost (PVTC). The result shows that the higher the PVTC, the lower the volatility of fuel cost and the higher the revenue from CO2 trading. In the case of Viet Nam, if the investor selects high value of risk-aversion factor, renewables, such as solar and win, will become attractive. Furthermore, coal will be the dominant technology that replaces gas and oil.
{"title":"Portfolio risk analysis based generation expansion planning considering CO2 trading","authors":"N. Phuc, C. Marpaung, R. Shrestha","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new generation expansion model that considers the fluctuation of fuel prices and effects of CO2 trading. This model is applied to Viet Nam power sector during 2013–2030. This model finds out the efficient curve containing all feasible technology mixes. Each feasible mix represented by a value of risk-aversion factor has different value of risk, revenue from CO2 trading and present value of total cost (PVTC). The result shows that the higher the PVTC, the lower the volatility of fuel cost and the higher the revenue from CO2 trading. In the case of Viet Nam, if the investor selects high value of risk-aversion factor, renewables, such as solar and win, will become attractive. Furthermore, coal will be the dominant technology that replaces gas and oil.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115978955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598791
N. Phuangpornpitak, W. Prommee, S. Tia, W. Phuangpornpitak
Renewable power system is an innovative option for electricity generation as it is a clean energy resource. Noting the climate change becomes an important issue the whole world is currently facing, the ever-increasing price of petroleum products (now about US$ 80 a barrel) and the reduction in cost of renewable energy power systems, opportunities for renewable energy systems to address electricity generation seems to be increasing. However, to achieve commercialization and widespread use, an efficient energy management strategy of system needs to be addressed. Recently, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been successfully applied to the various fields of power system including economic dispatch problems. This paper presents the survey of PSO in solving optimization problems in electric power systems. The introductory sections provide the new way to implement renewable energy power system using particle swarm technique. Subsequent sections cover recent trends of PSO development in renewable energy power systems. This technique would be useful to determine the powerful energy management strategy so as to meet the required load demand at minimum operating cost while satisfying system equality and inequality constraints.
{"title":"A study of particle swarm technique for renewable energy power systems","authors":"N. Phuangpornpitak, W. Prommee, S. Tia, W. Phuangpornpitak","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598791","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable power system is an innovative option for electricity generation as it is a clean energy resource. Noting the climate change becomes an important issue the whole world is currently facing, the ever-increasing price of petroleum products (now about US$ 80 a barrel) and the reduction in cost of renewable energy power systems, opportunities for renewable energy systems to address electricity generation seems to be increasing. However, to achieve commercialization and widespread use, an efficient energy management strategy of system needs to be addressed. Recently, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been successfully applied to the various fields of power system including economic dispatch problems. This paper presents the survey of PSO in solving optimization problems in electric power systems. The introductory sections provide the new way to implement renewable energy power system using particle swarm technique. Subsequent sections cover recent trends of PSO development in renewable energy power systems. This technique would be useful to determine the powerful energy management strategy so as to meet the required load demand at minimum operating cost while satisfying system equality and inequality constraints.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598781
A. Patchimpattapong
Strengthening energy security, mitigating global warming and being competitive in global markets are among reasons Thailand is developing nuclear power program. Based on the current Thailand Power Development Plan there will be 5 units of a 1,000 MWe nuclear power plant commercialized from 2020 to 2028. Nuclear power will contribute no greater than 10% of Thailand electricity generation. Currently, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), government owned utility, is conducting nuclear power plant feasibility study. Major tasks include reactor technology and supplier selection, site survey and selection, and human resources development planning. Since this is Thailand's first nuclear power plant, infrastructure assessment and establishment planning, e.g. nuclear law and regulatory body, and public education and participation, are also crucial to the success of the program. All these will be in the readiness report to submit to the Thai Cabinet for approval next year. According to the Nuclear Power Infrastructure Establishment Plan, a roadmap for launching nuclear power program in Thailand, nuclear power project will be implemented during 2011–2013, construction will start in 2014, and Thailand's first nuclear power plant will be complete for commercial operation in 2020.
{"title":"Development of Thailand's first nuclear power plant","authors":"A. Patchimpattapong","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598781","url":null,"abstract":"Strengthening energy security, mitigating global warming and being competitive in global markets are among reasons Thailand is developing nuclear power program. Based on the current Thailand Power Development Plan there will be 5 units of a 1,000 MWe nuclear power plant commercialized from 2020 to 2028. Nuclear power will contribute no greater than 10% of Thailand electricity generation. Currently, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), government owned utility, is conducting nuclear power plant feasibility study. Major tasks include reactor technology and supplier selection, site survey and selection, and human resources development planning. Since this is Thailand's first nuclear power plant, infrastructure assessment and establishment planning, e.g. nuclear law and regulatory body, and public education and participation, are also crucial to the success of the program. All these will be in the readiness report to submit to the Thai Cabinet for approval next year. According to the Nuclear Power Infrastructure Establishment Plan, a roadmap for launching nuclear power program in Thailand, nuclear power project will be implemented during 2011–2013, construction will start in 2014, and Thailand's first nuclear power plant will be complete for commercial operation in 2020.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133150668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598868
P. Teansri, B. Hongpeechar, Rittirong Intarajinda, P. Bhasaputra, W. Pattaraprakorn
This paper studies the multi-scenarios of effective demand side management by implementing energy conservation programs in 51 designated factories according the Energy Conservation Promotion Act No. 2 B.E. 2550 (2007). In addition, 5% of peak demand reduction is estimated from the industries in Navanakorn industrial promotion zone that use to evaluate the effect of energy conservation programs and to investigate the limit of substation capacity. Moreover, the optimal management of diversity factor is indicated base on the estimated peak demand reduction by energy conservation programs and the annual demand growth of 3 substations. The surveyed results show that the peak demand can be reduced up to 1.97 MW with implementing energy conservation programs which mostly come from electronic ballast replacement measure. However, the analytical results of energy conservation project analysis show that the energy efficiency improvement is still a high potential for Navanakorn industrial promotion zone. Furthermore, the simulation results of multi-scenarios demand side management with the energy conservation programs illustrate that the substations can be supplied industries in Navanakorn industrial promotion zone until 2016 with 96.15% of total transformer capacity in case 5% of peak demand reduction from fully implemented energy conservation programs is achieved. Finally, the effective demand side management programs of the designated factories are the opportunity to extend the new substation
{"title":"Multi-scenarios of effective demand side management in Navanakorn industrial promotion zone","authors":"P. Teansri, B. Hongpeechar, Rittirong Intarajinda, P. Bhasaputra, W. Pattaraprakorn","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the multi-scenarios of effective demand side management by implementing energy conservation programs in 51 designated factories according the Energy Conservation Promotion Act No. 2 B.E. 2550 (2007). In addition, 5% of peak demand reduction is estimated from the industries in Navanakorn industrial promotion zone that use to evaluate the effect of energy conservation programs and to investigate the limit of substation capacity. Moreover, the optimal management of diversity factor is indicated base on the estimated peak demand reduction by energy conservation programs and the annual demand growth of 3 substations. The surveyed results show that the peak demand can be reduced up to 1.97 MW with implementing energy conservation programs which mostly come from electronic ballast replacement measure. However, the analytical results of energy conservation project analysis show that the energy efficiency improvement is still a high potential for Navanakorn industrial promotion zone. Furthermore, the simulation results of multi-scenarios demand side management with the energy conservation programs illustrate that the substations can be supplied industries in Navanakorn industrial promotion zone until 2016 with 96.15% of total transformer capacity in case 5% of peak demand reduction from fully implemented energy conservation programs is achieved. Finally, the effective demand side management programs of the designated factories are the opportunity to extend the new substation","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114489502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598803
Bor-Jang Tsai, Chien-Ho Lee
This study takes the ventilation into consideration, making the active building envelope (ABE) system more close to the realistic application conditions. The ABE system is comprised of a photovoltaic unit (PV unit) and a thermoelectric heat pump unit (TE unit). The PV unit consists of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The TE unit consists of thermoelectric heaters/coolers (referred to here onwards as TE coolers), which convert electrical energy into thermal energy, or the reverse. The PV and the TE units are integrated within the overall ABE enclosure. The new mechanism of a hybrid system was proposed. A ducted wind turine will be integrated with the ABE system becoming dual core. Then the analytic model of original ABE system has to be revised and analytic solution will be resulted and verified by the numerical solution of CFD. The ducted wind mill will provide air conditioning and power the ABE system, to higher the thermal efficiency of the heat sinks of TE system. Numerical and experimental works will be investigated. a building installed the ABE system wind, solar driven, bypass the windmill flow as a air flow, ambient temperature, To is equal to 35 °C and indoor temperature, Ti is 28 °C. Numerical results show the Ti will decrease 2 °C when the ABE operating with heat sinks, without fan. As fan is opened, strong convective heat transfer, Ti will decrease approximately 4 to 5 °C. We hope findings of this study can make the dream of healthy living comfortable room come true.
{"title":"Active building envelope system (ABE): Wind and solar-driven ventilation, electricity and heat pump","authors":"Bor-Jang Tsai, Chien-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598803","url":null,"abstract":"This study takes the ventilation into consideration, making the active building envelope (ABE) system more close to the realistic application conditions. The ABE system is comprised of a photovoltaic unit (PV unit) and a thermoelectric heat pump unit (TE unit). The PV unit consists of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The TE unit consists of thermoelectric heaters/coolers (referred to here onwards as TE coolers), which convert electrical energy into thermal energy, or the reverse. The PV and the TE units are integrated within the overall ABE enclosure. The new mechanism of a hybrid system was proposed. A ducted wind turine will be integrated with the ABE system becoming dual core. Then the analytic model of original ABE system has to be revised and analytic solution will be resulted and verified by the numerical solution of CFD. The ducted wind mill will provide air conditioning and power the ABE system, to higher the thermal efficiency of the heat sinks of TE system. Numerical and experimental works will be investigated. a building installed the ABE system wind, solar driven, bypass the windmill flow as a air flow, ambient temperature, To is equal to 35 °C and indoor temperature, Ti is 28 °C. Numerical results show the Ti will decrease 2 °C when the ABE operating with heat sinks, without fan. As fan is opened, strong convective heat transfer, Ti will decrease approximately 4 to 5 °C. We hope findings of this study can make the dream of healthy living comfortable room come true.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114660426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598869
Simon Henshel, Andy Schroeter, L. Gaillard
This paper is a concept note on Sunlabob's latest innovation to tackle the challenge of rural electrification using renewable energy sources in developing countries. A technical and operational description is given of a rechargeable battery lantern and solar charging station rental scheme. Sunlabob has developed a package based upon a village entrepreneur operating a solar charging station on a rental basis. The entrepreneur charges portable lanterns, and circulates them among village households in return for a fee collected for each recharge. The revenue covers the costs of operating the system on a commercial basis. For households, the recharging fee is a regular small expense, qualitatively comparable to buying kerosene at the village outlet. Sunlabob's experience has shown that technical expertise is essential but it needs to be combined with a robust operational and financial model offering economic sustainability, for rural electrification programmes to be successful and have long-lasting benefits for populations in developing countries. Involvement of local populations is also decisive, both for a smooth transition and for good management and maintenance of the renewable energy solutions proposed.
{"title":"Solar Lantern Rental System: Paying for the service, not the hardware","authors":"Simon Henshel, Andy Schroeter, L. Gaillard","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598869","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a concept note on Sunlabob's latest innovation to tackle the challenge of rural electrification using renewable energy sources in developing countries. A technical and operational description is given of a rechargeable battery lantern and solar charging station rental scheme. Sunlabob has developed a package based upon a village entrepreneur operating a solar charging station on a rental basis. The entrepreneur charges portable lanterns, and circulates them among village households in return for a fee collected for each recharge. The revenue covers the costs of operating the system on a commercial basis. For households, the recharging fee is a regular small expense, qualitatively comparable to buying kerosene at the village outlet. Sunlabob's experience has shown that technical expertise is essential but it needs to be combined with a robust operational and financial model offering economic sustainability, for rural electrification programmes to be successful and have long-lasting benefits for populations in developing countries. Involvement of local populations is also decisive, both for a smooth transition and for good management and maintenance of the renewable energy solutions proposed.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121683720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598782
L. Gaillard, P. Robert, Jakob Rietzler
Since 2006, the government of the Lao PDR has strongly promoted biofuel development, on the basis of national energy security concerns, and interests for rural development. As a result, many farmers were encouraged to cultivate jatropha as a biofuel feedstock through government campaigns and private sector investment. For most, the return on their investment has been woefully low; a domestic biofuel sector has failed to materialise, largely due to (i) negligible feedstock supply and poor yields, (ii) inadequate market development, and (iii) a lack of investment in biofuel processing capacity. Despite these limitations, the Lao government has set an ambitious target of offsetting 10% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuel by the year 2020. In order to address the likelihood and requirements of reaching such a goal, this paper presents a baseline assessment of the embryonic biofuel sector in the Lao PDR, and formulates a comparison between national expectations and targets with the current scale of investment by public and private sectors. A simple analysis of market chains for domestic biofuel production and consumption in the Lao PDR is established as a basis to evaluate the merits of biofuel for the Lao PDR, in the context of national development goals.
{"title":"Biofuel development in the Lao PDR: Baseline assessment and policy evaluation","authors":"L. Gaillard, P. Robert, Jakob Rietzler","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598782","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2006, the government of the Lao PDR has strongly promoted biofuel development, on the basis of national energy security concerns, and interests for rural development. As a result, many farmers were encouraged to cultivate jatropha as a biofuel feedstock through government campaigns and private sector investment. For most, the return on their investment has been woefully low; a domestic biofuel sector has failed to materialise, largely due to (i) negligible feedstock supply and poor yields, (ii) inadequate market development, and (iii) a lack of investment in biofuel processing capacity. Despite these limitations, the Lao government has set an ambitious target of offsetting 10% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuel by the year 2020. In order to address the likelihood and requirements of reaching such a goal, this paper presents a baseline assessment of the embryonic biofuel sector in the Lao PDR, and formulates a comparison between national expectations and targets with the current scale of investment by public and private sectors. A simple analysis of market chains for domestic biofuel production and consumption in the Lao PDR is established as a basis to evaluate the merits of biofuel for the Lao PDR, in the context of national development goals.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129243027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-02DOI: 10.1109/ESD.2010.5598795
W. Pattaraprakorn, Rakpong Saikaew, P. Bhasaputra
The objective of this study is to estimate the potential of energy from dairy cow manure for the dairy cooperatives in Thailand. According to the information from the Cooperative Promotion Department, there are 118 cooperatives with 25,757 dairy farmers and 364,745 dairy cows. In addition, the dairy cow cooperatives, farmer numbers and cow numbers are divided by regions and the potential of energy is presented in various forms. The highest number of cow by region is found in the Central region with 262,805 dairy cows. The highest number of cow is found in the dairy cooperative in the Central region with 71,952 dairy cows. The highest energy potential is in the Central region with 1,202,656 MJ/day of LPG equivalent. Using the model from a previous successful study in Lamphayaklang Reform Land Dairy Cooperative, the analytical results of finances index, the net present values (NPV), is propose to evaluate the feasible of biogas plant establishment. The results show that the NPV from total Thai dairy cooperatives is about 953,261,057.50 Baht and the NPV of the Central region is 686,840,867.50 Baht that the number of dairy cow cooperatives is 40.68% of total number of dairy cow cooperatives in Thailand. Finally, this paper provides an overview of the potential energy from biogas plant that could use as the renewable energy under the sustainable energy concept.
{"title":"Feasible study of biogas energy for Thai dairy cooperative from dairy cow manure: The potential and economic analysis","authors":"W. Pattaraprakorn, Rakpong Saikaew, P. Bhasaputra","doi":"10.1109/ESD.2010.5598795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESD.2010.5598795","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to estimate the potential of energy from dairy cow manure for the dairy cooperatives in Thailand. According to the information from the Cooperative Promotion Department, there are 118 cooperatives with 25,757 dairy farmers and 364,745 dairy cows. In addition, the dairy cow cooperatives, farmer numbers and cow numbers are divided by regions and the potential of energy is presented in various forms. The highest number of cow by region is found in the Central region with 262,805 dairy cows. The highest number of cow is found in the dairy cooperative in the Central region with 71,952 dairy cows. The highest energy potential is in the Central region with 1,202,656 MJ/day of LPG equivalent. Using the model from a previous successful study in Lamphayaklang Reform Land Dairy Cooperative, the analytical results of finances index, the net present values (NPV), is propose to evaluate the feasible of biogas plant establishment. The results show that the NPV from total Thai dairy cooperatives is about 953,261,057.50 Baht and the NPV of the Central region is 686,840,867.50 Baht that the number of dairy cow cooperatives is 40.68% of total number of dairy cow cooperatives in Thailand. Finally, this paper provides an overview of the potential energy from biogas plant that could use as the renewable energy under the sustainable energy concept.","PeriodicalId":272782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123424234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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