Based on the latest literary sources and rich factual material, the scienƟ fi c arƟ cle consistently discusses topical issues of fi nancial theory and pracƟ ce, gender budgeƟ ng in the healthcare and social protecƟ on of Georgia.It has been established that health care and social orientaƟ on have a high gender signifi cance. At the same Ɵ me, the study shows that the state budget programs of Georgia do not contain gender sensiƟ vity. Most programs and sub-programmes do not include gender sensiƟ vity; several programs are disƟ nguished by gender sensiƟ vity, there are also some goals set in terms of gender aspects, however they are mostly in the form of staƟ sƟ cs and do not adequately refl ect gender needs. It is substanƟ ated that the goals set in the health and social protecƟ on programs of the state budget of Georgia and the indicators of intermediate and fi nal results require more specifi caƟ on in accordance with the principles of the program budgeƟ ng methodology in general, as well as considering addiƟ onal gender aspects.
根据最新的文学来源和丰富的事实材料，scienƟ fi arƟ小组一贯讨论金融理论和pracƟ ce，性别budgeƟ ng在格鲁吉亚的医疗保健和社会protecƟ的主题问题。已经确定，保健和社会orientaƟ具有很高的性别意义。同时Ɵ我的研究表明，格鲁吉亚的州预算方案不包含性别sensiƟ。大多数方案和次级方案不包括性别sensiƟ;有几个项目disƟ被性别sensiƟ所淘汰，也有一些在性别方面设定的目标，但它们大多以staƟ sƟ cs的形式出现，没有充分反映性别需求。据substanƟ估计，格鲁吉亚国家预算方案中保健和社会protecƟ中确定的目标以及中期和最终结果指标需要根据方案的原则(budgeƟ)和总体方法，以及考虑到addiƟ性别方面的因素，更具体地caƟ确定。
{"title":"GENDER BUDGETING IN THE FIELD OF GEORGIAN HEALTHANDSOCIALPROTECTION:HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION: ANALYSISANDASSESSMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.015","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the latest literary sources and rich factual material, the scienƟ fi c arƟ cle consistently discusses topical issues of fi nancial theory and pracƟ ce, gender budgeƟ ng in the healthcare and social protecƟ on of Georgia.It has been established that health care and social orientaƟ on have a high gender signifi cance. At the same Ɵ me, the study shows that the state budget programs of Georgia do not contain gender sensiƟ vity. Most programs and sub-programmes do not include gender sensiƟ vity; several programs are disƟ nguished by gender sensiƟ vity, there are also some goals set in terms of gender aspects, however they are mostly in the form of staƟ sƟ cs and do not adequately refl ect gender needs. It is substanƟ ated that the goals set in the health and social protecƟ on programs of the state budget of Georgia and the indicators of intermediate and fi nal results require more specifi caƟ on in accordance with the principles of the program budgeƟ ng methodology in general, as well as considering addiƟ onal gender aspects.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124505330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IdenƟ fying employees who align well with the organizaƟ on, commonly referred to as person-or-ganizaƟ on fi t (P-O fi t), is considered crucial for maintaining a producƟ ve and engaged workforce (Kristof, 1996). Al-though research has made signifi cant progress in predicƟ ng important job outcomes through person-organizaƟ on fi t, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how employees experience this fi t (Kristof-brown et al., 2005; Verquer et al., 2003)person-organizaƟ on (PO. This study aimed to fi ll the exisƟ ng research gaps by invesƟ gaƟ ng the disƟ ncƟ on between two perspecƟ ves of person-organizaƟ on fi t, namely supplementary and complementary fi t across diff erent working sectors. Furthermore, the study explored the connecƟ on between these two types of person-organizaƟ on fi t and three dimensions of organizaƟ onal commitment. Lastly, the study evaluated how dif-ferent types of organizaƟ onal commitment infl uence employees' intenƟ ons to leave the organizaƟ on.The research methodology employed in this study uƟ lized a structured and validated quesƟ onnaire to measure person-organizaƟ on fi t, organizaƟ onal commitment, and turnover intenƟ on variables. Data for the survey was col-lected from a diverse group of 390 administraƟ ve employees working in diff erent public and private organizaƟ ons. The study employed quanƟ taƟ ve approaches to ensure a comprehensive understanding and produce more robust results. The fi ndings indicate that person-organizaƟ on fi t did not vary across diff erent working sectors. Supplemen-tary fi t demonstrated a posiƟ ve correlaƟ on with all three types of organizaƟ onal commitment, whereas comple-mentary fi t showed a posiƟ ve correlaƟ on only with aff ecƟ ve commitment. The turnover intenƟ ons were found to have a negaƟ ve correlaƟ on with each type of organizaƟ onal commitment.
IdenƟ雇用与organizaƟ一致的员工，通常被称为person-or-ganizaƟ on fi (P-O fi)，对于维持producƟ ve和敬业的员工队伍至关重要(Kristof, 1996)。尽管研究在predicƟ通过person-organizaƟ获得重要的工作成果方面取得了重大进展，但对于员工如何体验这种不适，仍然缺乏了解(Kristof-brown et al.， 2005;Verquer et al.， 2003)person-organizaƟ on (PO。本研究旨在填补exisƟ - ng研究的空白，通过invesƟ gaƟ - ng两个person-organizaƟ - on- fi之间的disƟ ncƟ - on- fi，即不同工作部门的互补和互补- fi。此外，本研究还探讨了这两种类型的person-organizaƟ对fi和organizaƟ对fi三个维度的承诺之间的connecƟ关系。最后，研究评估了不同类型的organizaƟ个人承诺对员工intenƟ离开organizaƟ的影响。本研究采用的研究方法uƟ分析了一份结构化的、经过验证的quesƟ问卷，以测量person-organizaƟ对fi、organizaƟ对onal承诺和周转intenƟ对变量的影响。调查的数据是从390名不同群体中收集的administraƟ 5名在不同的公共和私人organizaƟ工作的员工。该研究采用quanƟ taƟ五种方法，以确保全面的理解和产生更有力的结果。研究结果表明，person-organizaƟ在不同的工作部门中对it没有变化。补充fi对所有三种类型的organizaƟ承诺都表现出posiƟ ve correlaƟ on，而补充fi只对所有ecƟ承诺表现出posiƟ ve correlaƟ on。我们发现，每一种类型的organizaƟ个人承诺的营业额intenƟ都有一个negaƟ - ve - correlaƟ。
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF THE PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT ONEMPLOYEEORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTON EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ANDTURNOVERINTENTIONINPRIVATEANDAND TURNOVER INTENTION IN PRIVATE AND PUBLICSECTORINGEORGIAPUBLIC SECTOR IN GEORGIA","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.013","url":null,"abstract":"IdenƟ fying employees who align well with the organizaƟ on, commonly referred to as person-or-ganizaƟ on fi t (P-O fi t), is considered crucial for maintaining a producƟ ve and engaged workforce (Kristof, 1996). Al-though research has made signifi cant progress in predicƟ ng important job outcomes through person-organizaƟ on fi t, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how employees experience this fi t (Kristof-brown et al., 2005; Verquer et al., 2003)person-organizaƟ on (PO. This study aimed to fi ll the exisƟ ng research gaps by invesƟ gaƟ ng the disƟ ncƟ on between two perspecƟ ves of person-organizaƟ on fi t, namely supplementary and complementary fi t across diff erent working sectors. Furthermore, the study explored the connecƟ on between these two types of person-organizaƟ on fi t and three dimensions of organizaƟ onal commitment. Lastly, the study evaluated how dif-ferent types of organizaƟ onal commitment infl uence employees' intenƟ ons to leave the organizaƟ on.The research methodology employed in this study uƟ lized a structured and validated quesƟ onnaire to measure person-organizaƟ on fi t, organizaƟ onal commitment, and turnover intenƟ on variables. Data for the survey was col-lected from a diverse group of 390 administraƟ ve employees working in diff erent public and private organizaƟ ons. The study employed quanƟ taƟ ve approaches to ensure a comprehensive understanding and produce more robust results. The fi ndings indicate that person-organizaƟ on fi t did not vary across diff erent working sectors. Supplemen-tary fi t demonstrated a posiƟ ve correlaƟ on with all three types of organizaƟ onal commitment, whereas comple-mentary fi t showed a posiƟ ve correlaƟ on only with aff ecƟ ve commitment. The turnover intenƟ ons were found to have a negaƟ ve correlaƟ on with each type of organizaƟ onal commitment.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117231863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Money was a centre of economic gravity from its incepƟ on. It evolved from gold to fi at currency, and now we face a new era of monetary evoluƟ on. Every step of development gives him new power to infl uence society by reaching more and more aspects of social life. With its infl uence were unknown risks and concerns to-ward monetary systems fl exibility and sustainability.Using a promise to pay as money (banknote) has several criƟ cal legal and technical inconsistencies with the token-based CBDC system. One signifi cant limitaƟ on is that promissory notes may not have a unique serial num-ber like physical currency printed by central banks. In the modern hybrid monetary system where only cash has a unique serial number and banks’ electronic payments work on an account-based approach, the incompaƟ bility of promise to pay with real money is not visible widely. Overall, the role of fracƟ onal reserve banking and the money mulƟ plier in a token-based CBDC system will play a diff erent role than in tradiƟ onal banking systems, given the unique characterisƟ cs of digital tokens and the role of central banks in issuing and controlling them. By analysing these key aspects, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potenƟ al eff ects of CBDCs on fracƟ onal reserve banking. The fi ndings of this research will contribute to the ongoing discus-sions and debates surrounding the adopƟ on and implementaƟ on of CBDCs, enabling policymakers, regulators, and banking insƟ tuƟ ons to make informed decisions in this challenging era of digital currencies.
{"title":"CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY – APARADIGMSHIFTINMONETARYARCHITECT","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.014","url":null,"abstract":"Money was a centre of economic gravity from its incepƟ on. It evolved from gold to fi at currency, and now we face a new era of monetary evoluƟ on. Every step of development gives him new power to infl uence society by reaching more and more aspects of social life. With its infl uence were unknown risks and concerns to-ward monetary systems fl exibility and sustainability.Using a promise to pay as money (banknote) has several criƟ cal legal and technical inconsistencies with the token-based CBDC system. One signifi cant limitaƟ on is that promissory notes may not have a unique serial num-ber like physical currency printed by central banks. In the modern hybrid monetary system where only cash has a unique serial number and banks’ electronic payments work on an account-based approach, the incompaƟ bility of promise to pay with real money is not visible widely. Overall, the role of fracƟ onal reserve banking and the money mulƟ plier in a token-based CBDC system will play a diff erent role than in tradiƟ onal banking systems, given the unique characterisƟ cs of digital tokens and the role of central banks in issuing and controlling them. By analysing these key aspects, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potenƟ al eff ects of CBDCs on fracƟ onal reserve banking. The fi ndings of this research will contribute to the ongoing discus-sions and debates surrounding the adopƟ on and implementaƟ on of CBDCs, enabling policymakers, regulators, and banking insƟ tuƟ ons to make informed decisions in this challenging era of digital currencies.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123391627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of the business and a proper business environment is essenƟ al for the mulƟ faceted development of our country. Therefore, its preservaƟ on has the same importance as well, that is provided by the insolvency law through the rehabilitaƟ on regime. The arƟ cle discusses the importance of the rehabilitaƟ on regime for a business enƟ ty.The arƟ cle hereof provides the acƟ ons taken by various authoriƟ es through adopƟ ng laws, introducing inter-naƟ onal standards, etc. For example, on the Ministry of JusƟ ce of Georgia iniƟ aƟ ve, the Parliament of Georgia adopted the Law “On RehabilitaƟ on and CollecƟ ve SaƟ sfacƟ on of Creditors’s Claims” in 2020. The work also discusses the judiciary and its role in saving the business based on a specifi c example. The work also reviews the place of Georgia in various raƟ ngs, such as those of “Doing Business” and “The Heritage Founda-Ɵ on”. Considering their importance and infl uence, the above-menƟ oned raƟ ngs and the place held by Georgia are a guide for foreign investors.The place of the judiciary in the raƟ ng, which has experienced stagnaƟ on, should also be noted. This, of course, has a negaƟ ve impact on both local and internaƟ onal levels for those interested in doing business in Georgia. De-spite the presence of an appropriate legal framework within the scope of the issue under consideraƟ on, however, the numbers that are read in the raƟ ngs do not give us the opportunity to state that there is a sound environ-ment for doing business in Georgia. For this, it is obvious that only the insolvency law's presence is insuffi cient.
{"title":"BUSINESS LEGAL POLICY WITHIN THE SCOPE OFREHABILITATIONREGIMEOFADEBTOR","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.011","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of the business and a proper business environment is essenƟ al for the mulƟ faceted development of our country. Therefore, its preservaƟ on has the same importance as well, that is provided by the insolvency law through the rehabilitaƟ on regime. The arƟ cle discusses the importance of the rehabilitaƟ on regime for a business enƟ ty.The arƟ cle hereof provides the acƟ ons taken by various authoriƟ es through adopƟ ng laws, introducing inter-naƟ onal standards, etc. For example, on the Ministry of JusƟ ce of Georgia iniƟ aƟ ve, the Parliament of Georgia adopted the Law “On RehabilitaƟ on and CollecƟ ve SaƟ sfacƟ on of Creditors’s Claims” in 2020. The work also discusses the judiciary and its role in saving the business based on a specifi c example. The work also reviews the place of Georgia in various raƟ ngs, such as those of “Doing Business” and “The Heritage Founda-Ɵ on”. Considering their importance and infl uence, the above-menƟ oned raƟ ngs and the place held by Georgia are a guide for foreign investors.The place of the judiciary in the raƟ ng, which has experienced stagnaƟ on, should also be noted. This, of course, has a negaƟ ve impact on both local and internaƟ onal levels for those interested in doing business in Georgia. De-spite the presence of an appropriate legal framework within the scope of the issue under consideraƟ on, however, the numbers that are read in the raƟ ngs do not give us the opportunity to state that there is a sound environ-ment for doing business in Georgia. For this, it is obvious that only the insolvency law's presence is insuffi cient.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127812590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent decades, the structure of internaƟ onal exchange has undergone signifi cant changes, and the role of various services is increasing, the range of which is expanding under the infl uence of the scienƟ fi c and technological revoluƟ on. At the same Ɵ me, the regimes of internaƟ onal trade in services, as well as approaches to its naƟ onal and mulƟ lateral regulaƟ on, are becoming more complex. DigitalisaƟ on has become one of the main characterisƟ cs of development. The digital transformaƟ on of internaƟ onal trade is shaping the new "digital reali-ty" of the industry. The staƟ sƟ cs of the offi cial regulators of internaƟ onal trade confi rm these changes. The paper analyses the dynamics of changes in internaƟ onal trade in services in the context of the global crisis and the impact of digitalisaƟ on on it. The interdependence of countries in the condiƟ ons of increased economy and new models of internaƟ onal exchange of services are shown. The paper presents a quanƟ taƟ ve assessment model of the level of systemic risk causing the fi nancial crisis.
{"title":"A FINANCIAL CRISIS PROBABILITY MEASUREMENT MODELINTHECONTEXTOFDIGITALMODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONTRANSFORMATION","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.016","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the structure of internaƟ onal exchange has undergone signifi cant changes, and the role of various services is increasing, the range of which is expanding under the infl uence of the scienƟ fi c and technological revoluƟ on. At the same Ɵ me, the regimes of internaƟ onal trade in services, as well as approaches to its naƟ onal and mulƟ lateral regulaƟ on, are becoming more complex. DigitalisaƟ on has become one of the main characterisƟ cs of development. The digital transformaƟ on of internaƟ onal trade is shaping the new \"digital reali-ty\" of the industry. The staƟ sƟ cs of the offi cial regulators of internaƟ onal trade confi rm these changes. The paper analyses the dynamics of changes in internaƟ onal trade in services in the context of the global crisis and the impact of digitalisaƟ on on it. The interdependence of countries in the condiƟ ons of increased economy and new models of internaƟ onal exchange of services are shown. The paper presents a quanƟ taƟ ve assessment model of the level of systemic risk causing the fi nancial crisis.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the process of carrying out financial operations, modern technologies represent one of the most important challenges. World technological trends have influenced Georgia as well. Technologies play an important role in accounting. Nowadays, all transactions in accounting have an electronic form, which is securely stored in databases. Using fintech technologies in accounting helps save resources and reduce costs. Accordingly, the paper presents the role of technology and its importance in enterprise activity. Effective ca-pabilities of modern accounting computer programs are established, and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Research has been conducted on the possibilities of companies' work on the RS portal in the direction of accounting activities. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated. In particular, simplifying the barriers to entering the technology market will increase the level of competition, and accordingly, the development of this sector will take place. Also, cooperation with successful foreign fintech companies and improvement of cyber se-curity. Creation of an innovative hub and regulatory space, where enterprises will have the opportunity to create prototypes of their products and adjust the created application. as well as establishing effective tax incentives for investors, specifically in the direction of financial technologies. Strengthening the ability of professional account-ants to move to the Net-zero model, all of the above, is a prerequisite for creating a healthy business environment in the country.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2023.15.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2023.15.006","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of carrying out financial operations, modern technologies represent one of the most important challenges. World technological trends have influenced Georgia as well. Technologies play an important role in accounting. Nowadays, all transactions in accounting have an electronic form, which is securely stored in databases. Using fintech technologies in accounting helps save resources and reduce costs. Accordingly, the paper presents the role of technology and its importance in enterprise activity. Effective ca-pabilities of modern accounting computer programs are established, and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Research has been conducted on the possibilities of companies' work on the RS portal in the direction of accounting activities. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated. In particular, simplifying the barriers to entering the technology market will increase the level of competition, and accordingly, the development of this sector will take place. Also, cooperation with successful foreign fintech companies and improvement of cyber se-curity. Creation of an innovative hub and regulatory space, where enterprises will have the opportunity to create prototypes of their products and adjust the created application. as well as establishing effective tax incentives for investors, specifically in the direction of financial technologies. Strengthening the ability of professional account-ants to move to the Net-zero model, all of the above, is a prerequisite for creating a healthy business environment in the country.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129439553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russia’s second invasion of Ukraine initiated in February 2022 serves as a definitive break in the security of the wider Black Sea region. This article first explains the problem the region is currently facing and calls for a new concept to ensure the collective West’s more active presence in this geographic area. The strategy should also involve measures to contain a more aggressive Russia. It will be argued that Russia is unlikely to abstain from further destabilizing the Black Sea region and will use more coercive methods to preserve its dominant position. The article begins with elaborating the idea of the Black Sea not as a space of competition, but as a space of economic cooperation. The Black Sea has not always been a region of economic and military divisions, but quite often served an interconnector of several intersecting regions with different cultures and economic models. The article then, drawing upon this short historical analysis, pays special attention to Turkey’s changing position and presents a set of political moves the West can pursue to improve its rather weakened position in the wider Black Sea region.
{"title":"UKRAINE AND NEW SECURITY PARADIGM FOR THE WIDER BLACK SEA REGION","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.14.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.14.007","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s second invasion of Ukraine initiated in February 2022 serves as a definitive break in the security of the wider Black Sea region. This article first explains the problem the region is currently facing and calls for a new concept to ensure the collective West’s more active presence in this geographic area. The strategy should also involve measures to contain a more aggressive Russia. It will be argued that Russia is unlikely to abstain from further destabilizing the Black Sea region and will use more coercive methods to preserve its dominant position. The article begins with elaborating the idea of the Black Sea not as a space of competition, but as a space of economic cooperation. The Black Sea has not always been a region of economic and military divisions, but quite often served an interconnector of several intersecting regions with different cultures and economic models. The article then, drawing upon this short historical analysis, pays special attention to Turkey’s changing position and presents a set of political moves the West can pursue to improve its rather weakened position in the wider Black Sea region.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122688463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the literature on teaching in educational institutions at the current time and its ability to match the demands of industry, and produce competent human resources for today and the future generation. The study was conducted to shape and inform new-generation teachers of the aspects they need to take into consideration in order to keep themselves relevant, instrumental, and capable of supporting the future of learning, relearning, and unlearning experiences in a globalized setting as the 4th Industrial Revolution unwraps its presence. A careful review of works obtained from Ebsco host and google scholar for the past five years(2017 – 2022) was done to establish the key shifts in paradigm, and practice as well as establish the challenges and opportunities at play. Key aspects informing the re-imagination are but not limited to digitization, Artificial Intelligence, Data analytics, the Information age, the Internet of things, entrepreneurship, and employability among others. In the face of these widely appreciated aspects of daily living, teaching as has been over the ages finds itself at crossroads. In order to be an effective tool to transform the generations as has been over the years it is key for the sector to consider a review of the way it thrives in order to support today’s expectations and also to help address the expectations of tomorrow which are largely anticipated but unknown. A review of the delivery, assessment, and practice of teaching is urgent and necessary across the globe to meet these expectations of the learners.
{"title":"TEACHING RE-IMAGINED AS THE WORLD\u0000EMBRACES THE 4TH IR: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE\u0000ON THE CHANGING FACE OF TEACHING","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.14.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.14.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the literature on teaching in educational institutions at the current time and its\u0000ability to match the demands of industry, and produce competent human resources for today and the future generation. The study was conducted to shape and inform new-generation teachers of the aspects they need to take into\u0000consideration in order to keep themselves relevant, instrumental, and capable of supporting the future of learning,\u0000relearning, and unlearning experiences in a globalized setting as the 4th Industrial Revolution unwraps its presence.\u0000A careful review of works obtained from Ebsco host and google scholar for the past five years(2017 – 2022) was\u0000done to establish the key shifts in paradigm, and practice as well as establish the challenges and opportunities at\u0000play. Key aspects informing the re-imagination are but not limited to digitization, Artificial Intelligence, Data analytics, the Information age, the Internet of things, entrepreneurship, and employability among others.\u0000In the face of these widely appreciated aspects of daily living, teaching as has been over the ages finds itself at\u0000crossroads. In order to be an effective tool to transform the generations as has been over the years it is key for the\u0000sector to consider a review of the way it thrives in order to support today’s expectations and also to help address\u0000the expectations of tomorrow which are largely anticipated but unknown. A review of the delivery, assessment,\u0000and practice of teaching is urgent and necessary across the globe to meet these expectations of the learners.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131145598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
შესავალ ნაწილში განხილულია შრომის კანონმდებლობის როლი შრომით სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებში. თემის სპეციფიკიდან გამოდინარე, ყურადღება გამახვილებულ იქნა მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებაზე, მის არსა და დანიშნულებაზე სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებში. განხილულ იქნა შრომითი ხელშეკრულება, მისი მახასიათებელი თვისებები, ხაზია გაესვა იმ განმასხვავებელ ნიშნებს, რომლებიც არსებობს შრომის ხელშეკრულებასა და მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებას შორის. აქცენტი გაესვა დაცვის იმ მინიმალურ სტანდარტს, რომელსაც შრომითი ხელშეკრულება დასაქმებულს სთავაზობს. ნაშრომის არსიდან გამომდინარე, ვისაუბრებთ იმ მოტივაციაზე, რაც გააჩნია დამსაქმებელს, როდესაც იგი დასაქმებულთან აფორმებს მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებას, ნაცვლად შრომითი ხელშეკრულებისა. განხილულ იქნა ის უპირატესობანი, რასაც იღებს დამსაქმებელი დასაქმებულთან ამგვარი ხელშეკრულების დადების დროს. გავეცნობით შედეგებზე, რომელსაც იწვევს შრომითი ხელშეკრულების ნაცვლად მომსახურების ხელშეკრულების დადება. ნამსჯელი იქნა დასახელებულ შემთხვევაში ხელშეკრულების ბათილობის საჭიროებაზე და დასაქმებულის დაცვის სამართლებრივ მექანიზმებზე. თემის აქტუალობიდან გამომდინარე, მიმოვიხილეთ სასამართლო პრაქტიკა, რომელიც განვითარებულ იქნა საერთო სასამართლოების მიერ საქართველოს კანონმდებლობის ფარგლებში. პოზიციის გასამყარებლად მოყვანილ იქნა დასავლეთ ევროპისა და ამერიკის შეერთებულის შტატების სასამართლოთა პრაქტიკა განსახილველ თემასთან მიმართებით. დასასრულს, დასკვნის სახით ფორმულირებულ იქნა ავტორის პოზიცია.
{"title":"THE GIG-ECONOMY AND THE PROBLEM OF ITS REGULATION UNDER GEORGIAN LAW","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.14.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.14.002","url":null,"abstract":"შესავალ ნაწილში განხილულია შრომის კანონმდებლობის როლი შრომით სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებში. თემის სპეციფიკიდან გამოდინარე, ყურადღება გამახვილებულ იქნა\u0000მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებაზე, მის არსა და დანიშნულებაზე სამართლებრივ ურთიერთობებში. განხილულ იქნა შრომითი ხელშეკრულება, მისი მახასიათებელი თვისებები, ხაზია გაესვა იმ განმასხვავებელ ნიშნებს, რომლებიც არსებობს შრომის ხელშეკრულებასა და მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებას\u0000შორის. აქცენტი გაესვა დაცვის იმ მინიმალურ სტანდარტს, რომელსაც შრომითი ხელშეკრულება დასაქმებულს სთავაზობს.\u0000ნაშრომის არსიდან გამომდინარე, ვისაუბრებთ იმ მოტივაციაზე, რაც გააჩნია დამსაქმებელს, როდესაც იგი დასაქმებულთან აფორმებს მომსახურების ხელშეკრულებას, ნაცვლად შრომითი ხელშეკრულებისა. განხილულ იქნა ის უპირატესობანი, რასაც იღებს დამსაქმებელი დასაქმებულთან ამგვარი ხელშეკრულების დადების დროს. გავეცნობით შედეგებზე, რომელსაც იწვევს შრომითი ხელშეკრულების\u0000ნაცვლად მომსახურების ხელშეკრულების დადება. ნამსჯელი იქნა დასახელებულ შემთხვევაში ხელშეკრულების ბათილობის საჭიროებაზე და დასაქმებულის დაცვის სამართლებრივ მექანიზმებზე.\u0000თემის აქტუალობიდან გამომდინარე, მიმოვიხილეთ სასამართლო პრაქტიკა, რომელიც განვითარებულ იქნა საერთო სასამართლოების მიერ საქართველოს კანონმდებლობის ფარგლებში. პოზიციის გასამყარებლად მოყვანილ იქნა დასავლეთ ევროპისა და ამერიკის შეერთებულის შტატების სასამართლოთა პრაქტიკა განსახილველ თემასთან მიმართებით. დასასრულს, დასკვნის სახით ფორმულირებულ იქნა\u0000ავტორის პოზიცია.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115831555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This scientific article is dedicated to identifying the main directions of its improvement in the self-governing cities of Georgia, based on the analysis and evaluation of the current state of the budget process. In particular, it discusses the basic budgeting document (medium-term action plans) and the budget process; The difference between the revenues and payments of the budgets of the self-governing cities and the peculiarities of their planning are shown; The modern practice of implementing the program budget in the self-governing cities of Georgia is analyzed and evaluated, on the basis of which conclusions are made on the necessity of its improvement. Emphasis was placed on the following problematic issues in the budget process of self-governing cities: inadequate forecasting of tax revenues; Social orientation of the budget; Preparation of medium-term action plans; Development of expected final / intermediate results; Development of evaluation indicators; Improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of programs during the budget year; Strengthen the role of internal and external control.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE BUDGET PROCESS IN GEORGIA'S SELF-GOVERNING CITES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.14.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.14.001","url":null,"abstract":"This scientific article is dedicated to identifying the main directions of its improvement in the self-governing cities of Georgia, based on the analysis and evaluation of the current state of the budget process. In particular, it discusses the basic budgeting document (medium-term action plans) and the budget process; The difference between the revenues and payments of the budgets of the self-governing cities and the peculiarities of their planning are shown; The modern practice of implementing the program budget in the self-governing cities of Georgia is analyzed and evaluated, on the basis of which conclusions are made on the necessity of its improvement. Emphasis was placed on the following problematic issues in the budget process of self-governing cities: inadequate forecasting of tax revenues; Social orientation of the budget; Preparation of medium-term action plans; Development of expected final / intermediate results; Development of evaluation indicators; Improving the monitoring mechanism for the implementation of programs during the budget year; Strengthen the role of internal and external control.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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