Development of the demographic aging is one of the characteristics out of many challenges of the modern world population. Demographic aging is demonstrated in increased number of the older population and is the sign of the aging structure evolution. The results of the demographic aging are obvious in many countries of the world, including Georgia. The outcomes are reflected in various fields, like family structure, savings, economic development, change of consumption forms, the balance of demand and supply at the labor market, healthcare and social protection services. Increased number of the elderly people will raise the costs of the retirement allowance and care and will be the kind of test for the country economy (Bruni …2017, 20) Despite the trend of increasing proportion of the elderly population in the world, demographic aging is characterized by significant variety. The paper reads the demographic indicators (evaluations and predictions), describes period between 1990-2050. The portion of the population above 65 in entire world of the period was increased from 6.2% to 9.3%. According to the UN scale the world is aged, though least developed countries still maintain demographic youth, though according to forecast, the mentioned counties will be aged from 2030. Based on estimation of the correlation between demographic aging coefficient and factors influencing it there are the following findings, in particular, correlation between demographic aging and birth general coefficient (-0,876) for entire world, as well as total birth coefficient (-0,812) is strong. The linkage between less developed regions is the same, while there is average linkage in the developed regions. As for relationship with migration it is average in developed regions, while it is weak in less developed regions and countries. The most important correlation was identified between the demographic aging and median age reaching almost full relationship (0,973-0,981). It shows that change of median age is the key indicator influencing demographic aging. Demographic changes has been started by reduction of the birth rate since 19th century in Georgia, while portion of the elderly population exceeded 8% since 20s of the twentieth century. The paper refers the data from the public census for description of the demographic aging stages in Georgia according to the age groups (1897-2002); the factors influencing demographic aging are also learnt. The aging index within Georgian population corresponds to the index of the developed regions; this is why the influencing factors on the aging (birth, median age, life-span) mainly look similar to developed regions’ tendencies. It was reflected and will be reflected in aging and the rate forecasted by the UN for 2050 is around 21.8. As for migration, considered as one of the influencing factors on aging, it has a negative impact, characterized for less developed countries. According to the UN forecast migration coefficient for 2020 w
{"title":"DEMOGRAPHIC AGING PROCESS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE LABOR STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION","authors":"Nana Jgharkava","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.014","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the demographic aging is one of the characteristics out of many challenges of the modern world population. Demographic aging is demonstrated in increased number of the older population and is the sign of the aging structure evolution. \u0000\u0000The results of the demographic aging are obvious in many countries of the world, including Georgia. The outcomes are reflected in various fields, like family structure, savings, economic development, change of consumption forms, the balance of demand and supply at the labor market, healthcare and social protection services. Increased number of the elderly people will raise the costs of the retirement allowance and care and will be the kind of test for the country economy (Bruni …2017, 20) \u0000\u0000Despite the trend of increasing proportion of the elderly population in the world, demographic aging is characterized by significant variety. The paper reads the demographic indicators (evaluations and predictions), describes period between 1990-2050. The portion of the population above 65 in entire world of the period was increased from 6.2% to 9.3%. According to the UN scale the world is aged, though least developed countries still maintain demographic youth, though according to forecast, the mentioned counties will be aged from 2030.\u0000\u0000Based on estimation of the correlation between demographic aging coefficient and factors influencing it there are the following findings, in particular, correlation between demographic aging and birth general coefficient (-0,876) for entire world, as well as total birth coefficient (-0,812) is strong. The linkage between less developed regions is the same, while there is average linkage in the developed regions. As for relationship with migration it is average in developed regions, while it is weak in less developed regions and countries. The most important correlation was identified between the demographic aging and median age reaching almost full relationship (0,973-0,981). It shows that change of median age is the key indicator influencing demographic aging. \u0000\u0000Demographic changes has been started by reduction of the birth rate since 19th century in Georgia, while portion of the elderly population exceeded 8% since 20s of the twentieth century. The paper refers the data from the public census for description of the demographic aging stages in Georgia according to the age groups (1897-2002); the factors influencing demographic aging are also learnt. The aging index within Georgian population corresponds to the index of the developed regions; this is why the influencing factors on the aging (birth, median age, life-span) mainly look similar to developed regions’ tendencies. It was reflected and will be reflected in aging and the rate forecasted by the UN for 2050 is around 21.8. As for migration, considered as one of the influencing factors on aging, it has a negative impact, characterized for less developed countries. According to the UN forecast migration coefficient for 2020 w","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of agri-food trade in food security and agricultural development is substantiated in the article. There is Assessed food trade challenges, export restrictions and import facilitation during the COVID-19 crisis. The paper examines the changes in supply caused by various factors in the production sector in the agri-food sector, hypothesizing that food demand is relatively stable financially, as well as during various crises. The paper analyzes the views of scientists on the difficulties caused by the pandemic, on the basis of which two development scenarios are formulated. Opportunities have been identified for the continuation of trade in agri-food products between countries, and there is a reasonable view on the incentives for trade in these products in the short and long term. In the process of research, through comparative analysis, the indicators of trade in agri-food products of Georgia in the pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2021) periods are grouped, positive and negative trade trends are identified. At the same time, based on the results of the global financial crisis and the pandemic, an in-depth analysis of typical and atypical crises has been conducted for the agri-food sector around the world and in Georgia. Based on the results of the research, a matrix has been compiled to determine the growth and decline rates of trade in agri-food products before and during the pandemic. The paper draws conclusions and makes recommendations on food trade challenges and trade improvement measures during the COVID-19 crisis.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AGRI-FOOD TRADE: CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS (CASE OF GEORGIA)","authors":"E. Kharaishvili, N. Lobzhanidze","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"The role of agri-food trade in food security and agricultural development is substantiated in the article. There is Assessed food trade challenges, export restrictions and import facilitation during the COVID-19 crisis. The paper examines the changes in supply caused by various factors in the production sector in the agri-food sector, hypothesizing that food demand is relatively stable financially, as well as during various crises.\u0000\u0000The paper analyzes the views of scientists on the difficulties caused by the pandemic, on the basis of which two development scenarios are formulated. Opportunities have been identified for the continuation of trade in agri-food products between countries, and there is a reasonable view on the incentives for trade in these products in the short and long term.\u0000\u0000In the process of research, through comparative analysis, the indicators of trade in agri-food products of Georgia in the pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2021) periods are grouped, positive and negative trade trends are identified. At the same time, based on the results of the global financial crisis and the pandemic, an in-depth analysis of typical and atypical crises has been conducted for the agri-food sector around the world and in Georgia.\u0000\u0000 Based on the results of the research, a matrix has been compiled to determine the growth and decline rates of trade in agri-food products before and during the pandemic.\u0000\u0000The paper draws conclusions and makes recommendations on food trade challenges and trade improvement measures during the COVID-19 crisis.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People believe that leadership is a way to improve their personal, professional and social lives. That is why there has always been an interest in this phenomenon. Researchers have tried to find out what characteristics differentiate leaders from other people and what qualities make them successful. The qualities of a leader - intuition and the ability to see the future, the ability to motivate and encourage employees - occur especially during critical crisis situations. They need to be able to identify and solve problems in a timely manner, and ultimately lead the organization in the right direction. The current reality created by the corona virus, the massive scale of the epidemic and its unpredictability place great demands on leaders in their professional activities. As Vladimir Papava points out, it is true that the coronavirus by its very nature is primarily a medical problem, but it has created particular difficulties for the economy. In particular, in order to prevent the spread of the disease, it became necessary to minimize contacts between people, which is why many firms had to stop operating (Papava, 2020). This sudden sequence of events, which develops rapidly, leads to a high degree of uncertainty, disorientation, a sense of lost control, and exacerbates emotional disorder. In such a situation, in order to maintain the organizational environment, great importance is attached to the leader, his / her personal characteristics and ability to lead the activity. The aim of the paper is to determine whether Covid-19 had the desired characteristics of leadership and to determine whether the desired traits for leaders changed during the pandemic. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to determine what importance is attached to the qualities of a leader in a pandemic, and to identify those traits that have become more important during a pandemic. The study identifies the challenges that leaders face because of the coronavirus. The analysis of these issues will help us to find the desired characteristics of a leader in the current reality and to develop recommendations for shaping the organizational environment in such a way that it is possible to implement effective leadership. The results obtained will be valuable as they will enable people to find in pandemic conditions the ability to develop characteristics that will help them succeed in their careers and personal lives. Managers will analyze the qualities that will help them not lose the trust and respect of employees in a crisis situation, and with the help of which they will be able to save and move the organization forward. According to Peter Drucker, the results of creative activities of entrepreneurs affect not only the economy, but also society (Bedianashvili, 2017: 11), so successful leaders can be considered the basis of successful business, successful economy and the success of the country. The reality created by the Covid pandemic has brought
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"Nino Vardiashvili","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.010","url":null,"abstract":"People believe that leadership is a way to improve their personal, professional and social lives. That is why there has always been an interest in this phenomenon. Researchers have tried to find out what characteristics differentiate leaders from other people and what qualities make them successful. The qualities of a leader - intuition and the ability to see the future, the ability to motivate and encourage employees - occur especially during critical crisis situations. They need to be able to identify and solve problems in a timely manner, and ultimately lead the organization in the right direction.\u0000\u0000The current reality created by the corona virus, the massive scale of the epidemic and its unpredictability place great demands on leaders in their professional activities. As Vladimir Papava points out, it is true that the coronavirus by its very nature is primarily a medical problem, but it has created particular difficulties for the economy. In particular, in order to prevent the spread of the disease, it became necessary to minimize contacts between people, which is why many firms had to stop operating (Papava, 2020).\u0000\u0000This sudden sequence of events, which develops rapidly, leads to a high degree of uncertainty, disorientation, a sense of lost control, and exacerbates emotional disorder. In such a situation, in order to maintain the organizational environment, great importance is attached to the leader, his / her personal characteristics and ability to lead the activity.\u0000\u0000The aim of the paper is to determine whether Covid-19 had the desired characteristics of leadership and to determine whether the desired traits for leaders changed during the pandemic. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to determine what importance is attached to the qualities of a leader in a pandemic, and to identify those traits that have become more important during a pandemic. The study identifies the challenges that leaders face because of the coronavirus. The analysis of these issues will help us to find the desired characteristics of a leader in the current reality and to develop recommendations for shaping the organizational environment in such a way that it is possible to implement effective leadership.\u0000\u0000The results obtained will be valuable as they will enable people to find in pandemic conditions the ability to develop characteristics that will help them succeed in their careers and personal lives. Managers will analyze the qualities that will help them not lose the trust and respect of employees in a crisis situation, and with the help of which they will be able to save and move the organization forward. According to Peter Drucker, the results of creative activities of entrepreneurs affect not only the economy, but also society (Bedianashvili, 2017: 11), so successful leaders can be considered the basis of successful business, successful economy and the success of the country.\u0000\u0000The reality created by the Covid pandemic has brought ","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114886926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article addresses the issues of ensuring the exchange rate stability of GEL - the national currency of our country and effective management and regulation of public debt as well as attaches weight to the mechanisms for overcoming the challenges of economic development in the country and to the selection and use of flexible tools. The article highlights the efforts of the leaders of the government and the National Bank of the country in developing and implementing the optimal macroeconomic policies, as well as in maintaining monetary policy stability and achieving sustainable economic development. Furthermore, considerable attention is given to the GEL exchange rate not only against to major currencies - the USD or the euro - but also to the currencies of the other partner countries of Georgia. The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in the GEL exchange rate against the currencies of partner countries, based on the statistical data of the National Bank of Georgia. Factors influencing both effective nominal and real exchange rates as well as government domestic and external debt are also assessed at different time intervals. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the issues related to the management and regulation of public debt based on the analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Georgia, as well as to study the factors that have a positive and negative effect on them. This article aims to identify the issues related to the management and regulation of public debt obligations, on the basis of public debt sustainability analysis. The article, on the basis of statistical data, analyzes the dynamics and structure of public debt in 2010-2020. The problematic issues in the financial and monetary system are also identified and their determinants are investigated. Recommendations have been developed to reduce the debt burden and overcome the negative consequences caused by them. Based on the analysis of the economic situation in Georgia and the dynamics of the exchange rate, the recommendations for stabilizing the exchange rate of the financial sector, effective management of public debt and achieving sustainable economic growth have been developed in this article. Subject and object of research. The subject of the article's research is to identify problems related to the fluctuation of the Georgian national currency exchange rate and public debt regulation. While the object of the article is monetary policy that have been developed and implemented by the National Bank of Georgia and the Ministry of Finance of Georgia. Research methods. Relevant scientific literature as well as statistical data from the National Bank of Georgia, the Ministry of Finance and the National Statistics Office of Georgia were found at the initial stage of the research. In addition, the studies and articles by Georgian and foreign scholars on public debt issues and the materials of the International Monetary Fund were used. The sci
{"title":"FEATURES OF PUBLIC DEBT REGULATION IN GEORGIA: CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES AND MODERN CHALLENGES","authors":"L. Bakhtadze","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the issues of ensuring the exchange rate stability of GEL - the national currency of our country and effective management and regulation of public debt as well as attaches weight to the mechanisms for overcoming the challenges of economic development in the country and to the selection and use of flexible tools. \u0000\u0000The article highlights the efforts of the leaders of the government and the National Bank of the country in developing and implementing the optimal macroeconomic policies, as well as in maintaining monetary policy stability and achieving sustainable economic development.\u0000\u0000Furthermore, considerable attention is given to the GEL exchange rate not only against to major currencies - the USD or the euro - but also to the currencies of the other partner countries of Georgia.\u0000\u0000The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in the GEL exchange rate against the currencies of partner countries, based on the statistical data of the National Bank of Georgia. Factors influencing both effective nominal and real exchange rates as well as government domestic and external debt are also assessed at different time intervals.\u0000\u0000Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the issues related to the management and regulation of public debt based on the analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Georgia, as well as to study the factors that have a positive and negative effect on them.\u0000\u0000This article aims to identify the issues related to the management and regulation of public debt obligations, on the basis of public debt sustainability analysis.\u0000\u0000The article, on the basis of statistical data, analyzes the dynamics and structure of public debt in 2010-2020. The problematic issues in the financial and monetary system are also identified and their determinants are investigated.\u0000\u0000Recommendations have been developed to reduce the debt burden and overcome the negative consequences caused by them.\u0000\u0000Based on the analysis of the economic situation in Georgia and the dynamics of the exchange rate, the recommendations for stabilizing the exchange rate of the financial sector, effective management of public debt and achieving sustainable economic growth have been developed in this article.\u0000\u0000Subject and object of research. The subject of the article's research is to identify problems related to the fluctuation of the Georgian national currency exchange rate and public debt regulation. While the object of the article is monetary policy that have been developed and implemented by the National Bank of Georgia and the Ministry of Finance of Georgia.\u0000\u0000Research methods. Relevant scientific literature as well as statistical data from the National Bank of Georgia, the Ministry of Finance and the National Statistics Office of Georgia were found at the initial stage of the research. In addition, the studies and articles by Georgian and foreign scholars on public debt issues and the materials of the International Monetary Fund were used.\u0000\u0000The sci","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129886337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the impact of digital technologies on the level of social and economic development of the society, provides a rating of the largest IT companies in terms of the volume of business capitalization. The necessity of digital transformation of the management of the socio-economic development of society and organizations is substantiated. The research used groupings of economic activities that directly influence the development of the digital economy. Using the data of regression models, the coefficients of GDP elasticity from the development of the studied sectors were calculated and used to forecast GDP under the development influence of the studied sectors while maintaining the existing trends. A forecast of GDP growth in Ukraine has been constructed, taking into account the processes of digitalization of the economy in accordance with certain trends. The forecast dynamics of changes in GDP under the influence of the IT sector development until 2023 was also illustrated. The results showed that stimulating the development of information and communication technologies has significant prospects for activating digitalization processes in all spheres of the economy and society and increasing GDP.
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH","authors":"T. Mshvidobadze","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.016","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the impact of digital technologies on the level of social and economic development of the society, provides a rating of the largest IT companies in terms of the volume of business capitalization. The necessity of digital transformation of the management of the socio-economic development of society and organizations is substantiated. The research used groupings of economic activities that directly influence the development of the digital economy. Using the data of regression models, the coefficients of GDP elasticity from the development of the studied sectors were calculated and used to forecast GDP under the development influence of the studied sectors while maintaining the existing trends. A forecast of GDP growth in Ukraine has been constructed, taking into account the processes of digitalization of the economy in accordance with certain trends. The forecast dynamics of changes in GDP under the influence of the IT sector development until 2023 was also illustrated. The results showed that stimulating the development of information and communication technologies has significant prospects for activating digitalization processes in all spheres of the economy and society and increasing GDP.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128300421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the dawn of the computer and internet era, many online users have exploded, and more people are using the Internet to spend their money online. Georgia is well-known and well-positioned as a regional gambling hotspot. Gambling is a strategically vital and financially lucrative industry for the country. Gambling business plays a crucial role in the Georgian economy by contributing to its budget revenues via income generated from licenses and spending of foreign tourists and increasing employment by hiring a steadily increased number of employees in the field. Gambling is a steadily growing industry with an increasing number of players raises several behavioral questions on why so many people decide to play online and the main factors that determine and affect their choices. Even though online gambling is a strategically important and financially attractive field for Georgia, it is, at the same time, a source of many social problems such as gambling addiction, the involvement of adults, and financial problems. Gamblers maintain behavioral habits by attempting to deny concerns and a false sense of control. As a result, gambling becomes the most important activity in a person's life. Its nature is so broad that it complicates the process and makes it difficult for gamblers to recover. Therefore, this case requires a thorough study from various perspectives. These aspects lack scientific studies of the local market or other related research papers that add novelty to the Georgian online gambling segment. This research examines several traditional approaches to gambling behavior, their proclivity for problem gambling, and the primary elements that influence it.
{"title":"DECISION-MAKING PROCESS DURING ONLINE GAMBLING: AN INTEGRATION OF GLOBAL APPROACHES AND OTHER FACTORS (A CASE OF GEORGIA)","authors":"A. Elizarova","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.024","url":null,"abstract":"Since the dawn of the computer and internet era, many online users have exploded, and more people are using the Internet to spend their money online. Georgia is well-known and well-positioned as a regional gambling hotspot. Gambling is a strategically vital and financially lucrative industry for the country. Gambling business plays a crucial role in the Georgian economy by contributing to its budget revenues via income generated from licenses and spending of foreign tourists and increasing employment by hiring a steadily increased number of employees in the field. Gambling is a steadily growing industry with an increasing number of players raises several behavioral questions on why so many people decide to play online and the main factors that determine and affect their choices. Even though online gambling is a strategically important and financially attractive field for Georgia, it is, at the same time, a source of many social problems such as gambling addiction, the involvement of adults, and financial problems. Gamblers maintain behavioral habits by attempting to deny concerns and a false sense of control. As a result, gambling becomes the most important activity in a person's life. Its nature is so broad that it complicates the process and makes it difficult for gamblers to recover. Therefore, this case requires a thorough study from various perspectives. These aspects lack scientific studies of the local market or other related research papers that add novelty to the Georgian online gambling segment. This research examines several traditional approaches to gambling behavior, their proclivity for problem gambling, and the primary elements that influence it.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126017454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first half of 2020, as a result of the spread of coronavirus in the world and the implementation of preventive measures, the volume of production was sharply reduced, there were shortages in the supply of goods the service sector was limited. Additional difficulties for Georgia and many other developing countries have been created by the sharp decline in remittances from our citizens in other countries, which has become one of the reasons for the decline in retail trade. Countries whose tourism accounts for a significant share of their economy have been particularly hard hit. In countries where restrictions were delayed, more massive pandemic outbreaks occurred, with high mortality rates and severely restricted business activities. As a result, unemployment and poverty rates have risen. After the "repulsion" of the first wave of the virus, in many countries, including ours, there was a certain revival of the economy. However, this increased mobility has led to an even more devastating second and subsequent waves of the virus and the world is currently fighting yet another wave. The pandemic factor in Georgia, in parallel with the second, third and subsequent waves, was accompanied by an unstable political situation. This has become an additional pressure and impacted the economic downturn and the devaluation of the Georgian Lari. As in the rest of the world, the coronavirus pandemic in Georgia has had a direct impact on human capital, with a negative impact on education and human health. Unlike natural disasters, devastating effects of which on physical capital are far greater than on human, the pandemic has left factories, plants, infrastructure intact, but has had an extremely negative impact on human health, disrupting the learning process of pupils and students. The closure of schools and colleges and the transition to distance learning have resulted in the loss of much of the school year. A separate problem is the less efficiency of the distance learning process and the difficulties associated with knowledge testing. At the same time, the current situation exacerbates the divergence between different social strata in terms of access to full-fledged education. Pandemic kills thousands of people. Many of those who recovered from the pandemic suffer from both health and psychological problems. In the current situation the health sector is not given the full opportunity to deal with other diseases. Once the pandemic is over, significant investments will need to be made in both education and healthcare. The level of human capital development is an important factor for the economies of all countries. Differences between countries in GDP by 10-30% are caused by differences in the level of human capital development. It is noteworthy that the current shortcomings caused by the pandemic in the development of human capital will have a negative impact on many in the coming years. Since 2018, the World Bank has been implementing the Human Cap
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON HUMAN CAPITAL. HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.009","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of 2020, as a result of the spread of coronavirus in the world and the implementation of preventive measures, the volume of production was sharply reduced, there were shortages in the supply of goods the service sector was limited. Additional difficulties for Georgia and many other developing countries have been created by the sharp decline in remittances from our citizens in other countries, which has become one of the reasons for the decline in retail trade. Countries whose tourism accounts for a significant share of their economy have been particularly hard hit. In countries where restrictions were delayed, more massive pandemic outbreaks occurred, with high mortality rates and severely restricted business activities. As a result, unemployment and poverty rates have risen. After the \"repulsion\" of the first wave of the virus, in many countries, including ours, there was a certain revival of the economy. However, this increased mobility has led to an even more devastating second and subsequent waves of the virus and the world is currently fighting yet another wave. The pandemic factor in Georgia, in parallel with the second, third and subsequent waves, was accompanied by an unstable political situation. This has become an additional pressure and impacted the economic downturn and the devaluation of the Georgian Lari.\u0000\u0000As in the rest of the world, the coronavirus pandemic in Georgia has had a direct impact on human capital, with a negative impact on education and human health. Unlike natural disasters, devastating effects of which on physical capital are far greater than on human, the pandemic has left factories, plants, infrastructure intact, but has had an extremely negative impact on human health, disrupting the learning process of pupils and students.\u0000\u0000The closure of schools and colleges and the transition to distance learning have resulted in the loss of much of the school year. A separate problem is the less efficiency of the distance learning process and the difficulties associated with knowledge testing. At the same time, the current situation exacerbates the divergence between different social strata in terms of access to full-fledged education.\u0000\u0000Pandemic kills thousands of people. Many of those who recovered from the pandemic suffer from both health and psychological problems. In the current situation the health sector is not given the full opportunity to deal with other diseases. Once the pandemic is over, significant investments will need to be made in both education and healthcare.\u0000\u0000The level of human capital development is an important factor for the economies of all countries. Differences between countries in GDP by 10-30% are caused by differences in the level of human capital development. It is noteworthy that the current shortcomings caused by the pandemic in the development of human capital will have a negative impact on many in the coming years.\u0000\u0000Since 2018, the World Bank has been implementing the Human Cap","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129691975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to provide high quality primary health care system, qualified family doctors are needed. An extremely low number of properly qualified family physicians is a worldwide problem. Countries are using various strategies in order to solve this problem, for instance, they are encouraging medical students to choose family medicine as a profession. Despite these attempts, family medicine still struggles with a lack of interest, while the determination to choose a special career is increasing. According to studies, a very small number of undergraduate medical students chose family medicine as a profession. The decision to become a family doctor is influenced by the following characteristics: age, sex, family status, rural life. Studies show that students who choose family medicine are more likely to be socially oriented, instead of seeking leadership opportunities, they have a strong desire to help people and have an opportunity to take a residency in an easy way and obtain a doctor's certificate in a relatively short period of time. Students who choose the doctor’s profession are influenced by the following factors: prestige, intellectual level, payment method, income, researching opportunities, and faculty status, work-life balance. Compared to family doctors, specialists can get quite high salary for performing “high-tech” procedures. The aim of the research is to assess the attitude of medical students towards the family doctor profession, and to find out the reasons that influence medical students’ choice. According to our study, In Georgia, like in many countries, the specialization of family medicine suffers from a lack of interest, which has a negative impact on the number of properly qualified family doctors. According to our study only 2.9% of students expressed interest in the family doctor profession. The decision to become a family doctor is influenced by numerous factors: a duration of residency, an ability to form long-term relationships with patients, the influence of family or community, an ability to solve multiple medical problems, the simplicity of medical practice, an opportunity to find a job, the advantage of working in rural areas, an ability to balance career and personal life. The family doctor profession is less popular in Georgia, which is mainly caused by society’s stereotypical attitudes. To popularize the family doctor profession, it is necessary to introduce effective methods of their financing, to develop a flexible model of family medicine residency education, which would be based on the improvement of a continuous, professional practice.
{"title":"MEDICAL STUDENTS’ CAREER CHOICE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS FAMILY MEDICINE","authors":"","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.013","url":null,"abstract":"In order to provide high quality primary health care system, qualified family doctors are needed. An extremely low number of properly qualified family physicians is a worldwide problem. Countries are using various strategies in order to solve this problem, for instance, they are encouraging medical students to choose family medicine as a profession. Despite these attempts, family medicine still struggles with a lack of interest, while the determination to choose a special career is increasing. According to studies, a very small number of undergraduate medical students chose family medicine as a profession. The decision to become a family doctor is influenced by the following characteristics: age, sex, family status, rural life. Studies show that students who choose family medicine are more likely to be socially oriented, instead of seeking leadership opportunities, they have a strong desire to help people and have an opportunity to take a residency in an easy way and obtain a doctor's certificate in a relatively short period of time. Students who choose the doctor’s profession are influenced by the following factors: prestige, intellectual level, payment method, income, researching opportunities, and faculty status, work-life balance. Compared to family doctors, specialists can get quite high salary for performing “high-tech” procedures. The aim of the research is to assess the attitude of medical students towards the family doctor profession, and to find out the reasons that influence medical students’ choice. According to our study, In Georgia, like in many countries, the specialization of family medicine suffers from a lack of interest, which has a negative impact on the number of properly qualified family doctors. According to our study only 2.9% of students expressed interest in the family doctor profession. The decision to become a family doctor is influenced by numerous factors: a duration of residency, an ability to form long-term relationships with patients, the influence of family or community, an ability to solve multiple medical problems, the simplicity of medical practice, an opportunity to find a job, the advantage of working in rural areas, an ability to balance career and personal life. The family doctor profession is less popular in Georgia, which is mainly caused by society’s stereotypical attitudes. To popularize the family doctor profession, it is necessary to introduce effective methods of their financing, to develop a flexible model of family medicine residency education, which would be based on the improvement of a continuous, professional practice.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the interests of economic development and economic efficiency, in the current global crisis, priority is given to the development of human capital, increase the competitiveness of the workforce, creating fundamentally new mechanisms to stimulate labour, this, in turn, ensures an increase in labour productivity, its quality and efficiency. The successful solution of this problem requires the improvement of the organization of wages and its optimal state regulation. In the conditions of the current global crisis, role of the state in the field of wage regulation is more social in nature and its main function is to ensure a minimum level of income for the population. This last one, should be carried out by establishing a real subsistence minimum, a minimum wage and establishing an optimal ratio between them. In developed countries, the minimum wage is regulated on the basis of economic development, labour productivity, the level of average wages and the real value of the minimum consumer budget. The specific amount of the minimum wage is set at the national level by the legislature of the country, and its size in a particular area or region is determined by agreements concluded between trade unions and representatives of trade unions. In determining it, the following shall be taken into account: the needs of workers and their family members; the overall level of wages in the country; the value of life and its change; factors of economic development; level of labour productivity and opportunities to achieve and maintain a high level of employment. The purpose of establishing a minimum wage is to provide social protection for employees. Indeed, "The minimum wage has historically been a social protection mechanism which should protect low-wage workers and their families from poverty" (Khelaia, 2020,2). This problem is especially relevant for our country, because to date, there is no comprehensive mechanism for state regulation of the minimum wage and its defining Legislative Framework. In a scientific article is presented the formation of the minimum wage and its peculiarities of regulation, analysis of the related legal framework from the Soviet period to the present day in Georgia. Is established the basic principles, goals and objectives of minimum wage formation. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the pros and cons of the legally established minimum wage. The final section presents the main directions for calculating the minimum wage and improving its state regulation in Georgia.
{"title":"FORMATION AND REGULATION OF THE MINIMUM WAGE FEATURES IN GEORGIA","authors":"M. Tsartsidze","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.011","url":null,"abstract":"In the interests of economic development and economic efficiency, in the current global crisis, priority is given to the development of human capital, increase the competitiveness of the workforce, creating fundamentally new mechanisms to stimulate labour, this, in turn, ensures an increase in labour productivity, its quality and efficiency. The successful solution of this problem requires the improvement of the organization of wages and its optimal state regulation. In the conditions of the current global crisis, role of the state in the field of wage regulation is more social in nature and its main function is to ensure a minimum level of income for the population. This last one, should be carried out by establishing a real subsistence minimum, a minimum wage and establishing an optimal ratio between them. In developed countries, the minimum wage is regulated on the basis of economic development, labour productivity, the level of average wages and the real value of the minimum consumer budget. The specific amount of the minimum wage is set at the national level by the legislature of the country, and its size in a particular area or region is determined by agreements concluded between trade unions and representatives of trade unions. In determining it, the following shall be taken into account: the needs of workers and their family members; the overall level of wages in the country; the value of life and its change; factors of economic development; level of labour productivity and opportunities to achieve and maintain a high level of employment. The purpose of establishing a minimum wage is to provide social protection for employees. Indeed, \"The minimum wage has historically been a social protection mechanism which should protect low-wage workers and their families from poverty\" (Khelaia, 2020,2). This problem is especially relevant for our country, because to date, there is no comprehensive mechanism for state regulation of the minimum wage and its defining Legislative Framework.\u0000\u0000In a scientific article is presented the formation of the minimum wage and its peculiarities of regulation, analysis of the related legal framework from the Soviet period to the present day in Georgia. Is established the basic principles, goals and objectives of minimum wage formation. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the pros and cons of the legally established minimum wage. The final section presents the main directions for calculating the minimum wage and improving its state regulation in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the place of the banking sector in the financial market of Ukraine. The main indicators characterizing the level of the Ukrainian banking sector development are presented. It is noted that the peculiarity of the banking sector of Ukraine is a significant reduction in the number of institutions and the predominance of the share of state-owned banks in the structure of the banking system assets. The paper considers the structure of the loan portfolio of Ukrainian banks, which is characterized by a significant share of non-performing loans. The financial result of the banking sector and the factors that have a significant impact on the banking efficiency in Ukraine are studied.
{"title":"PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES OF THE UKRAINIAN BANKING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL MARKET TRANSFORMATION","authors":"L. Sidelnykova, O. Novosolova","doi":"10.35945/gb.2022.13.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2022.13.001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the place of the banking sector in the financial market of Ukraine. The main indicators characterizing the level of the Ukrainian banking sector development are presented. It is noted that the peculiarity of the banking sector of Ukraine is a significant reduction in the number of institutions and the predominance of the share of state-owned banks in the structure of the banking system assets. The paper considers the structure of the loan portfolio of Ukrainian banks, which is characterized by a significant share of non-performing loans. The financial result of the banking sector and the factors that have a significant impact on the banking efficiency in Ukraine are studied.","PeriodicalId":272914,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Business","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125555880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：