Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345986
K. Nielsen, J. Barraza, M. Kang, B. Prichard
The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility will employ two perpendicular electron Linear Induction Accelerators to produce intense, bremsstrahlung x-ray pulses for flash radiography. The second axis, DARHT II [1], features a 2.5-MeV injector and a 15.5-MeV, 2-kA, 1.6-microsecond accelerator consisting of 74 induction cells and drivers. Major induction cell components include high flux swing magnetic material (Metglas 2605SC) and a Mycalex™ insulator. The cell drivers are pulse forming networks (PFNs). The DARHT II accelerator cells have undergone a series of test and modeling efforts to fully understand their operational parameters. These R&D efforts identified problems in the original cell design and means to upgrade the design, performance and reliability of the linear induction cells [2]. Physical changes in the cell oil region, the cell vacuum region, and the cell drivers, together with different operational and maintenance procedures, have been implemented in the refurbished units resulting in greatly enhanced cell performance and reliability. All 74 cells have now been refurbished and tested for acceptance. This paper gives the results of those tests and the performance of the 26 refurbished cells in the Scaled Accelerator.
{"title":"Performance of the DARHT second axis induction cells","authors":"K. Nielsen, J. Barraza, M. Kang, B. Prichard","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345986","url":null,"abstract":"The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility will employ two perpendicular electron Linear Induction Accelerators to produce intense, bremsstrahlung x-ray pulses for flash radiography. The second axis, DARHT II [1], features a 2.5-MeV injector and a 15.5-MeV, 2-kA, 1.6-microsecond accelerator consisting of 74 induction cells and drivers. Major induction cell components include high flux swing magnetic material (Metglas 2605SC) and a Mycalex™ insulator. The cell drivers are pulse forming networks (PFNs). The DARHT II accelerator cells have undergone a series of test and modeling efforts to fully understand their operational parameters. These R&D efforts identified problems in the original cell design and means to upgrade the design, performance and reliability of the linear induction cells [2]. Physical changes in the cell oil region, the cell vacuum region, and the cell drivers, together with different operational and maintenance procedures, have been implemented in the refurbished units resulting in greatly enhanced cell performance and reliability. All 74 cells have now been refurbished and tested for acceptance. This paper gives the results of those tests and the performance of the 26 refurbished cells in the Scaled Accelerator.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651860
J. F. Camacho, E. Ruden
We present the design of a four-chord laser interferometer system operating at 633 nm that will measure the electron density of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) produced by the magnetized target fusion (MTF) experiment at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The design is a modified version of an eight-chord system previously used to provide time-resolved information about the spatial distribution of electron density in a similar FRC experiment. With the current system, a fanned array of laser beams will probe the plasma through the FRC midplane along four different chords, and the optical phase shift of each beam relative to a reference beam will be used to infer the line integrated electron density. In addition, a new feature of our design will be the option of diverting any or all of the four probe beams into single-mode optical fibers whose collimated outputs can be used to probe different axial locations simultaneously. This fiber-optic probe beam modification will enable us to place the interferometer system’s optical table at a safe distance from the MTF-FRC experiment when destructive tests involving plasma compression by a solid metal liner imploded by the Shiva Star capacitor bank are attempted.
{"title":"Design of a multichord optical interferometer with an axial fiber-optic probe to measure electron density in a field-reversed configuration","authors":"J. F. Camacho, E. Ruden","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651860","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design of a four-chord laser interferometer system operating at 633 nm that will measure the electron density of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) produced by the magnetized target fusion (MTF) experiment at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The design is a modified version of an eight-chord system previously used to provide time-resolved information about the spatial distribution of electron density in a similar FRC experiment. With the current system, a fanned array of laser beams will probe the plasma through the FRC midplane along four different chords, and the optical phase shift of each beam relative to a reference beam will be used to infer the line integrated electron density. In addition, a new feature of our design will be the option of diverting any or all of the four probe beams into single-mode optical fibers whose collimated outputs can be used to probe different axial locations simultaneously. This fiber-optic probe beam modification will enable us to place the interferometer system’s optical table at a safe distance from the MTF-FRC experiment when destructive tests involving plasma compression by a solid metal liner imploded by the Shiva Star capacitor bank are attempted.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129662136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651962
N. Bruner, C. Mostrom, D. Rose, D. Welch, V. Bailey, D. Johnson, B. Oliver
Sandia National Laboratories’ Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6) is a six-cell inductive voltage adder accelerator designed to produce currents of 186 kA at 7.8 MV in 70 ns in its low-impedance configuration. The six inductive-adder cells are connected in series to a coaxial magnetically insulated transmission line. Each cell has a single point feed to an azimuthal transmission line which distributes the pulse around the cell bore. To understand the extent to which power is distributed symmetrically around the coaxial transmission line and its effect on electron power flow downstream, particle-in-cell simulations were used to model the entire RITS-6 transmission line in 3D from pulse forming circuit to the diode load. Simulation results show electron flow current to be asymmetric by 16% at the exit to the sixth cell, but 3% or less at diagnostic positions near the load. Magnetic insulation in the trans-mission line does not appear to be impacted by the asymmetry, though flow impedance is not uniform axially.
{"title":"Modeling the RITS-6 transmission line","authors":"N. Bruner, C. Mostrom, D. Rose, D. Welch, V. Bailey, D. Johnson, B. Oliver","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651962","url":null,"abstract":"Sandia National Laboratories’ Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6) is a six-cell inductive voltage adder accelerator designed to produce currents of 186 kA at 7.8 MV in 70 ns in its low-impedance configuration. The six inductive-adder cells are connected in series to a coaxial magnetically insulated transmission line. Each cell has a single point feed to an azimuthal transmission line which distributes the pulse around the cell bore. To understand the extent to which power is distributed symmetrically around the coaxial transmission line and its effect on electron power flow downstream, particle-in-cell simulations were used to model the entire RITS-6 transmission line in 3D from pulse forming circuit to the diode load. Simulation results show electron flow current to be asymmetric by 16% at the exit to the sixth cell, but 3% or less at diagnostic positions near the load. Magnetic insulation in the trans-mission line does not appear to be impacted by the asymmetry, though flow impedance is not uniform axially.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346119
S. Humphries, P. Ferguson
We describe the capabilities of an integrated software suite for the design of high-power klystrons. As an application example, the codes are applied to a 10 MW, 1.3 GHz hollow-beam klystron to meet the requirements of the International Linear Collider. The hollow-beam approach allows high beam current (140 A) in a compact package with moderate gun voltage (120 kV). The benchmark system has an interaction length of 0.92 m, 47 dB gain and 63% inherent efficiency (excluding contributions of a biased beam collector). We discuss a electron gun design to generate a narrow annular beam with relatively small axial energy spread.
{"title":"Hollow-Beam klystron design for the international linear collider","authors":"S. Humphries, P. Ferguson","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346119","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the capabilities of an integrated software suite for the design of high-power klystrons. As an application example, the codes are applied to a 10 MW, 1.3 GHz hollow-beam klystron to meet the requirements of the International Linear Collider. The hollow-beam approach allows high beam current (140 A) in a compact package with moderate gun voltage (120 kV). The benchmark system has an interaction length of 0.92 m, 47 dB gain and 63% inherent efficiency (excluding contributions of a biased beam collector). We discuss a electron gun design to generate a narrow annular beam with relatively small axial energy spread.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128480455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651806
E. Sozer, Kalyan Koppisetty, H. Kirkici
Hollow cathode discharge is a type of glow discharge which occurs as a result of “hollow cathode effect”. One of many applications of pulsed hollow cathode discharges is high current closing switches. Pseudosparks utilize this type of discharge for the initiation of its discharge. Hollow cathode phase of a pseudospark discharge is the phase which is responsible for rapid current rise after triggering. Carrier multiplication at this phase is very high leading to good transition properties. In this work we designed an electrically triggered pulsed hollow cathode discharge scheme and analyzed its characteristics.
{"title":"Pulsed hollow cathode discharge characteristics","authors":"E. Sozer, Kalyan Koppisetty, H. Kirkici","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651806","url":null,"abstract":"Hollow cathode discharge is a type of glow discharge which occurs as a result of “hollow cathode effect”. One of many applications of pulsed hollow cathode discharges is high current closing switches. Pseudosparks utilize this type of discharge for the initiation of its discharge. Hollow cathode phase of a pseudospark discharge is the phase which is responsible for rapid current rise after triggering. Carrier multiplication at this phase is very high leading to good transition properties. In this work we designed an electrically triggered pulsed hollow cathode discharge scheme and analyzed its characteristics.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116051932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652529
B. Huhman, J. Neri
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has assembled a facility to develop and test materials for the study of barrel lifetime in electromagnetic launchers (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions1. The pulsed power system utilizes 12 500-kJ modules that can be individually triggered to shape the output current pulse2. Each bank module consists of four 130 kJ/can 11-kV capacitors from General Atomics Electronics Systems. The switching thyristors and crowbar diodes are from ABB. A series inductor of approximately 80 μH is used to limit the peak current to 100 kA, isolate modules from each other, and ensure the current is delivered to the test system. LabVIEW from National Instruments (NI) was selected as the control software for the EML system. All facility operations are handled through LabVIEW and controlled by a single operator. The software controls the safety systems; programs and monitors the three CCS High Voltage Power Supplies from General Atomics Electronic Systems; and triggers the capacitor banks. Projectile position status inside the barrel is also monitored in 25-ns steps using the PXI-7811R FPGA module. An overview of the EML facility with respect to control issues is presented. In addition to the software code, circuit diagrams of conditioning hardware will also be discussed. Results from test shots will be shown and discussed.
{"title":"Design of a computer-based control system using labview for the nemesys electromagnetic launcher facility","authors":"B. Huhman, J. Neri","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652529","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has assembled a facility to develop and test materials for the study of barrel lifetime in electromagnetic launchers (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions1. The pulsed power system utilizes 12 500-kJ modules that can be individually triggered to shape the output current pulse2. Each bank module consists of four 130 kJ/can 11-kV capacitors from General Atomics Electronics Systems. The switching thyristors and crowbar diodes are from ABB. A series inductor of approximately 80 μH is used to limit the peak current to 100 kA, isolate modules from each other, and ensure the current is delivered to the test system. LabVIEW from National Instruments (NI) was selected as the control software for the EML system. All facility operations are handled through LabVIEW and controlled by a single operator. The software controls the safety systems; programs and monitors the three CCS High Voltage Power Supplies from General Atomics Electronic Systems; and triggers the capacitor banks. Projectile position status inside the barrel is also monitored in 25-ns steps using the PXI-7811R FPGA module. An overview of the EML facility with respect to control issues is presented. In addition to the software code, circuit diagrams of conditioning hardware will also be discussed. Results from test shots will be shown and discussed.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121339592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345636
K. Takaki, T. Sato, S. Mukaigawa, T. Fujiwara
An influence of initial NO concentration on NO removal was studied experimentally using two different applied voltage waveforms. Several hundreds ppm of NO was diluted with N2 and O2 gas mixture and was fed to a dielectric barrier discharge reactor. NO removal depended on initial NO concentration at sinusoidal voltage, whereas NO removal showed the same value for various initial NO concentrations at pulse voltage.
{"title":"Influence of no initial concentration on removal efficiency in dielectric barrier discharge reactor","authors":"K. Takaki, T. Sato, S. Mukaigawa, T. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345636","url":null,"abstract":"An influence of initial NO concentration on NO removal was studied experimentally using two different applied voltage waveforms. Several hundreds ppm of NO was diluted with N2 and O2 gas mixture and was fed to a dielectric barrier discharge reactor. NO removal depended on initial NO concentration at sinusoidal voltage, whereas NO removal showed the same value for various initial NO concentrations at pulse voltage.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121251291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651913
M. Toury, C. Vermare, B. Etchessahar, L. Veron, M. Mouillet, F. Bayol, G. Avrillaud, A. Kim
For future flash radiographic needs, an 8 MV radiographic machine, IDERIX, will be developed for the CEA / PEM. This machine will be composed by ∼80 super fast LTD (Linear Transformer Driver) stages. The output voltage of each of these stages (100 kV − 75 ns) will be inductively added along a ∼20 m stepped magnetically insulated transmission line to deliver the power up to the beam diode. In each stage, 16 bricks, made with two 8 nF capacitors (that can be charged up to +/− 100 kV) and one multi-channels multi-gaps switch, are arranged in parallel (with a star pattern). The number of bricks is chosen to adapt the stage impedance to the diode impedance and operate the LTD generator close to matched mode. Moreover, new magnetic cores using a thinner ferromagnetic tape (50μm) allow reducing the losses and improving the performances of the generator. The insulation inside the stage will be done using dielectric oil.
{"title":"IDERIX : An 8 MV flash x-rays machine using a LTD design","authors":"M. Toury, C. Vermare, B. Etchessahar, L. Veron, M. Mouillet, F. Bayol, G. Avrillaud, A. Kim","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651913","url":null,"abstract":"For future flash radiographic needs, an 8 MV radiographic machine, IDERIX, will be developed for the CEA / PEM. This machine will be composed by ∼80 super fast LTD (Linear Transformer Driver) stages. The output voltage of each of these stages (100 kV − 75 ns) will be inductively added along a ∼20 m stepped magnetically insulated transmission line to deliver the power up to the beam diode. In each stage, 16 bricks, made with two 8 nF capacitors (that can be charged up to +/− 100 kV) and one multi-channels multi-gaps switch, are arranged in parallel (with a star pattern). The number of bricks is chosen to adapt the stage impedance to the diode impedance and operate the LTD generator close to matched mode. Moreover, new magnetic cores using a thinner ferromagnetic tape (50μm) allow reducing the losses and improving the performances of the generator. The insulation inside the stage will be done using dielectric oil.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116493408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345448
J. Zirnheld, K. Burke, P. Strzempka, A. Kraus, M. Donadio, M. Sussmann, H. Moore, H. Singh
Metallized polypropylene films (MPPF) can serve as an alternate for exploding wires in many applications. Compared to wires, MPPF is more structurally robust and can be shaped more easily for specific applications. If long films are desired, the film can be shaped to fit a variety of geometries. In our experiments, MPPF as along as 13″ have exhibited plasma formation. Experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the geometry of the film, and its orientation on transient plasma formation. Tests with flat geometries and semi-circular geometries were conducted. The results have been analyzed and are presented.
{"title":"Geometrical effects of exploding film on plasma formation","authors":"J. Zirnheld, K. Burke, P. Strzempka, A. Kraus, M. Donadio, M. Sussmann, H. Moore, H. Singh","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345448","url":null,"abstract":"Metallized polypropylene films (MPPF) can serve as an alternate for exploding wires in many applications. Compared to wires, MPPF is more structurally robust and can be shaped more easily for specific applications. If long films are desired, the film can be shaped to fit a variety of geometries. In our experiments, MPPF as along as 13″ have exhibited plasma formation. Experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the geometry of the film, and its orientation on transient plasma formation. Tests with flat geometries and semi-circular geometries were conducted. The results have been analyzed and are presented.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116323588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346150
J. Jeništa, M. Bartlová, V. Aubrecht
Numerical investigation of radiation properties in the worldwide unique type of thermal plasma generator with water vortex stabilization (Gerdien arc) and combined stabilization of arc by argon (Ar) flow and water vortex (the so called hybrid arc) has been carried out. A twodimensional axisymmetric numerical model describes the region between the inlet and outlet nozzles in the arc discharge chamber. It is assumed that plasma flow is steady, laminar, compressible and in the state of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The governing equations are solved numerically by the Finite Volume Method. Here we study the contribution of water molecular species and of ∼ 3 500 newly-included Ar lines on radiation transport within the discharge region of water and hybrid arcs. Radiation loss from the arc is calculated by the partial characteristics method for atmospheric pressure water and argon-water discharges. In contrast to our previously published results, band spectra of H2, O2, OH molecules and re-calculated Ar line spectrum have been included in the partial characteristics. Results carried out for 150–600 A and for Ar mass flow rates of 7.5–27.5 slm proved that reabsorption in water plasma increases of about 3.5% for all currents but decreases remarkably in the hybrid plasma. For a given current and increasing mass flow rate of Ar reabsorption decreases. Comparison between present calculation and available experiments shows good agreement.
{"title":"The impact of molecular radiation processes in water plasma on performance of water-vortex and hybridstabilized electric arcs","authors":"J. Jeništa, M. Bartlová, V. Aubrecht","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346150","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical investigation of radiation properties in the worldwide unique type of thermal plasma generator with water vortex stabilization (Gerdien arc) and combined stabilization of arc by argon (Ar) flow and water vortex (the so called hybrid arc) has been carried out. A twodimensional axisymmetric numerical model describes the region between the inlet and outlet nozzles in the arc discharge chamber. It is assumed that plasma flow is steady, laminar, compressible and in the state of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The governing equations are solved numerically by the Finite Volume Method. Here we study the contribution of water molecular species and of ∼ 3 500 newly-included Ar lines on radiation transport within the discharge region of water and hybrid arcs. Radiation loss from the arc is calculated by the partial characteristics method for atmospheric pressure water and argon-water discharges. In contrast to our previously published results, band spectra of H2, O2, OH molecules and re-calculated Ar line spectrum have been included in the partial characteristics. Results carried out for 150–600 A and for Ar mass flow rates of 7.5–27.5 slm proved that reabsorption in water plasma increases of about 3.5% for all currents but decreases remarkably in the hybrid plasma. For a given current and increasing mass flow rate of Ar reabsorption decreases. Comparison between present calculation and available experiments shows good agreement.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125856923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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