Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2674
Nian Li, Litian Zhang, Jia Li, K. Yan, Yu Wang, Bingwen Wang, Shuangjiang Li, Wanhai Zhou, Kailin Wang, Wen Li, C. Xia, Y. Yan, Yue-Guang Li, Feng Qin, Jian Chen
An aquaponic system in urban area was designed and combined fish culture with sprouts production in a closed-loop system that mimics the ecology of the nature. In order to quantify the nutrients content of sprouts grown under different conditions, we conducted a factorial experiment with 3 types of growth conditions, routine cultivation (RC), circulating water supplement cultivation (CWSC) and aquaponic system cultivation (ASC), then produce sprouts (soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts and radish sprouts) under these conditions. The results showed that each sprout under ASC condition, height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content, protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those under RC condition and CWSC condition. Each sprout showed significant difference in height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The presence of Carassius auratus auratus can significantly promote the growth of sprouts in aquaponic system, and increase nutrients content. Therefore, aquaponic system can be promoted vigorously in urban areas
{"title":"Effects of aquaponic system on growth and nutrients content and sustainable production of sprouts in urban area","authors":"Nian Li, Litian Zhang, Jia Li, K. Yan, Yu Wang, Bingwen Wang, Shuangjiang Li, Wanhai Zhou, Kailin Wang, Wen Li, C. Xia, Y. Yan, Yue-Guang Li, Feng Qin, Jian Chen","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2674","url":null,"abstract":"An aquaponic system in urban area was designed and combined fish culture with sprouts production in a closed-loop system that mimics the ecology of the nature. In order to quantify the nutrients content of sprouts grown under different conditions, we conducted a factorial experiment with 3 types of growth conditions, routine cultivation (RC), circulating water supplement cultivation (CWSC) and aquaponic system cultivation (ASC), then produce sprouts (soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts and radish sprouts) under these conditions. The results showed that each sprout under ASC condition, height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content, protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those under RC condition and CWSC condition. Each sprout showed significant difference in height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The presence of Carassius auratus auratus can significantly promote the growth of sprouts in aquaponic system, and increase nutrients content. Therefore, aquaponic system can be promoted vigorously in urban areas","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129346110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1693
Chew Hong Lim, T. Guan, Eyu Chan Hong, Yeow Lit Chow, Chew Bee Lynn, S. Subramaniam
Momordica cochinchinensis, also known as gac, is an indigenous fruit that can commonly found in Southeast Asia. Studies had shown that M. cochinchinensis contained a higher level of carotenoids, β-carotene, and lycopene compared to other vegetables and fruits. The present study was conducted to study the effect of light conditions on gac seeds germination and effect of light-emitting diode (LED) spectra (violet, blue, green, and red) on shoot, root, and leaf formation from germinated gac seeds. A total of 60 surface sterilised uncoated gac seeds were cultured in MS media where half of them exposed to sunlight while another half kept in the enclosed cupboard. Germinated seeds were then transferred to new MS media which contained 1 mg/L of BAP and cultured under different LED lights. Gac seeds germinated well in 12 hours light treatment at the rate of 75% after one week while dark treated seeds did not germinate at all. The green LED light spectrum was the most effective for the production of the highest mean number of shoots at 4.75 ± 0.63. On the other hand, the violet LED was the most effective spectrum in producing the highest number of roots, which was 7.50 ± 0.58. Meanwhile green LED produced the highest root length of 6.25 ± 0.25 cm. Besides, green LED treatment also able to induce the highest number of leaves, which was 10.21 ± 1.89. Lateral shoot and tendrils were developed on blue LED spectrum treated seed. In conclusion, light facilitates gac seed germination while the green LED light induced better characteristics of gac plant.
{"title":"Effect of different LED lights spectrum on the in vitro germination of gac seed (Momordica cochinchinensis)","authors":"Chew Hong Lim, T. Guan, Eyu Chan Hong, Yeow Lit Chow, Chew Bee Lynn, S. Subramaniam","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1693","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica cochinchinensis, also known as gac, is an indigenous fruit that can commonly found in Southeast Asia. Studies had shown that M. cochinchinensis contained a higher level of carotenoids, β-carotene, and lycopene compared to other vegetables and fruits. The present study was conducted to study the effect of light conditions on gac seeds germination and effect of light-emitting diode (LED) spectra (violet, blue, green, and red) on shoot, root, and leaf formation from germinated gac seeds. A total of 60 surface sterilised uncoated gac seeds were cultured in MS media where half of them exposed to sunlight while another half kept in the enclosed cupboard. Germinated seeds were then transferred to new MS media which contained 1 mg/L of BAP and cultured under different LED lights. Gac seeds germinated well in 12 hours light treatment at the rate of 75% after one week while dark treated seeds did not germinate at all. The green LED light spectrum was the most effective for the production of the highest mean number of shoots at 4.75 ± 0.63. On the other hand, the violet LED was the most effective spectrum in producing the highest number of roots, which was 7.50 ± 0.58. Meanwhile green LED produced the highest root length of 6.25 ± 0.25 cm. Besides, green LED treatment also able to induce the highest number of leaves, which was 10.21 ± 1.89. Lateral shoot and tendrils were developed on blue LED spectrum treated seed. In conclusion, light facilitates gac seed germination while the green LED light induced better characteristics of gac plant.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124544717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2509
L. Reis, M. Cruz, E. Silva, J. M. Rabelo, C. Fialho
With the increasing demand for pitaya orchard management information to achieve high productivity and commercial quality fruits, liming practice is fundamental since most Brazilian soils are acidic. This study aims to assess lime requirements of Typic Quartzipisamment and Haplorthox soils to calculate tolerated aluminum saturation, desired base saturation, calcium and magnesium requirements to cultivate two pitaya species; Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Two independent experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, organized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments of the first experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 0.8; 1.2 and 1.7 t ha-1 cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment. Treatments of the second experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 1.3; 2.0 and 2.8 t ha-1 cultivated in Haplorthox. Shoot and root dry matter, chemical soil attributes and shoot nutrient concentrations were measured. Regression equations were adjusted for each variable, according to the lime requirements of both soils providing the highest dry matter yield in both pitaya species. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 13% and 16%, base saturation 70% and the calcium and magnesium requirement 2.5 cmolcdm-3. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Haplorthox produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 1% and 4%, base saturation between 55% and 70%, and calcium and magnesium requirement 3.0 cmolcdm-3.
{"title":"Effects of liming on the growth and nutrient concentrations of pitaya species in acidic soils","authors":"L. Reis, M. Cruz, E. Silva, J. M. Rabelo, C. Fialho","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2509","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for pitaya orchard management information to achieve high productivity and commercial quality fruits, liming practice is fundamental since most Brazilian soils are acidic. This study aims to assess lime requirements of Typic Quartzipisamment and Haplorthox soils to calculate tolerated aluminum saturation, desired base saturation, calcium and magnesium requirements to cultivate two pitaya species; Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Two independent experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, organized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments of the first experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 0.8; 1.2 and 1.7 t ha-1 cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment. Treatments of the second experiment corresponded to H. undatus and H. polyrhizus and four lime requirements, 0; 1.3; 2.0 and 2.8 t ha-1 cultivated in Haplorthox. Shoot and root dry matter, chemical soil attributes and shoot nutrient concentrations were measured. Regression equations were adjusted for each variable, according to the lime requirements of both soils providing the highest dry matter yield in both pitaya species. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Typic Quartzipisamment produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 13% and 16%, base saturation 70% and the calcium and magnesium requirement 2.5 cmolcdm-3. H. undatus and H. polyrhizus cultivated in Haplorthox produced more dry matter when the aluminum saturation was between 1% and 4%, base saturation between 55% and 70%, and calcium and magnesium requirement 3.0 cmolcdm-3.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117287277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1603
F. Kagimbo, H. Shimelis, J. Sibiya
Weevil damage caused by sweetpotato weevil (Cylas spp.) is a major constraint to sweetpotato production in Tanzania due to a lack of improved varieties with durable resistance. The objective of this study was to screen sweetpotato germplasm collections for weevil resistance and to select the best parents to be used in resistance breeding. Field studies involving 96 sweetpotato genotypes were conducted at two weevil hotspot sites in Western Tanzania using a 12 x 8 lattice design with three replications at each site. Data collected included yield and yield related traits, weevil reaction and weevil damage score. The tested genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) for sweetpotato storage root number, root weight, root infestation and root damage score. Weevil infestation on storage roots significantly (P ≤0.05) correlated with total root number (r = 0.38) and weevil damage score (r = 0.79). Marketable root weight and total root weight were significantly correlated with infested root weight each with r = 0.45. The study identified nine sweetpotato genotypes expressing resistance and 10 genotypes with moderate resistance to weevil. Five genotypes including Magunhwa, Chuchu ya Nesi, Rugomoka, Tumauma and New Kawogo were selected with weevil resistance and desirable yield and yield-related traits. These genotypes can be used in future weevil resistance breeding programs of sweetpotato in Western Tanzania or related agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Screening of sweetpotato germplasm collections for sweetpotato weevil (Cylas spp.) resistance in Tanzania","authors":"F. Kagimbo, H. Shimelis, J. Sibiya","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1603","url":null,"abstract":"Weevil damage caused by sweetpotato weevil (Cylas spp.) is a major constraint to sweetpotato production in Tanzania due to a lack of improved varieties with durable resistance. The objective of this study was to screen sweetpotato germplasm collections for weevil resistance and to select the best parents to be used in resistance breeding. Field studies involving 96 sweetpotato genotypes were conducted at two weevil hotspot sites in Western Tanzania using a 12 x 8 lattice design with three replications at each site. Data collected included yield and yield related traits, weevil reaction and weevil damage score. The tested genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) for sweetpotato storage root number, root weight, root infestation and root damage score. Weevil infestation on storage roots significantly (P ≤0.05) correlated with total root number (r = 0.38) and weevil damage score (r = 0.79). Marketable root weight and total root weight were significantly correlated with infested root weight each with r = 0.45. The study identified nine sweetpotato genotypes expressing resistance and 10 genotypes with moderate resistance to weevil. Five genotypes including Magunhwa, Chuchu ya Nesi, Rugomoka, Tumauma and New Kawogo were selected with weevil resistance and desirable yield and yield-related traits. These genotypes can be used in future weevil resistance breeding programs of sweetpotato in Western Tanzania or related agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129575101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2360
Carlos André Bahry, Ângela Aparecida Carleso, A. T. Perboni, Françoá Santos Dal Prá, G. Geraldo, Leandro André Petkowicz, L. Ceresoli, A. W. Júnior, J. A. Marchese
Soybean genotypes have distinct morphophysiological traits, which may influence the crop agronomic performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the productive parameters of three contrasting soybean genotypes for leaf morphophysiological traits. The experiment was carried out at in a typical Distroferric Red Latosol, located at latitude 25º41'52" S and longitude 53º03'94" W; in the 2015/16 (CY1) and 2016/17 (CY2) seasons. The genotypes tested were: BS 2601 RR® (lanceolate and smaller leaflets); NS 6006 IPRO® (triangular and intermediate leaflets) and homozygous lineage CI 21 IPRO® (oval and larger leaflets). The gas exchange, chlorophyll index, leaf area, leaflet length and width, and petiolulus length were evaluated when plants of each genotype were at the beginning of flowering. At harvest, the variables analyzed were: first pod insertion, plant height, number of pods and grains per plant, grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains and grain yield. The design used was randomized blocks with four replicates. Photosynthesis per leaf area unit was higher in CY2, and is related to greater stomatal conductance, higher chlorophyll index, lower transpiration and lower leaf area of plants. The lanceolate leaf cultivar showed higher grain yield due to the higher number of grains and the greater mass of these grains in the two crop years. In addition, it was the one that obtained lower leaf area and lower transpiration. The cultivar NS 6006 presented greater productive stability, but this trait does not confer greater productive potential.
{"title":"Morphophysiological traits of soybean leaflets and their relationship with crop agronomic performance","authors":"Carlos André Bahry, Ângela Aparecida Carleso, A. T. Perboni, Françoá Santos Dal Prá, G. Geraldo, Leandro André Petkowicz, L. Ceresoli, A. W. Júnior, J. A. Marchese","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2360","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean genotypes have distinct morphophysiological traits, which may influence the crop agronomic performance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the productive parameters of three contrasting soybean genotypes for leaf morphophysiological traits. The experiment was carried out at in a typical Distroferric Red Latosol, located at latitude 25º41'52\" S and longitude 53º03'94\" W; in the 2015/16 (CY1) and 2016/17 (CY2) seasons. The genotypes tested were: BS 2601 RR® (lanceolate and smaller leaflets); NS 6006 IPRO® (triangular and intermediate leaflets) and homozygous lineage CI 21 IPRO® (oval and larger leaflets). The gas exchange, chlorophyll index, leaf area, leaflet length and width, and petiolulus length were evaluated when plants of each genotype were at the beginning of flowering. At harvest, the variables analyzed were: first pod insertion, plant height, number of pods and grains per plant, grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains and grain yield. The design used was randomized blocks with four replicates. Photosynthesis per leaf area unit was higher in CY2, and is related to greater stomatal conductance, higher chlorophyll index, lower transpiration and lower leaf area of plants. The lanceolate leaf cultivar showed higher grain yield due to the higher number of grains and the greater mass of these grains in the two crop years. In addition, it was the one that obtained lower leaf area and lower transpiration. The cultivar NS 6006 presented greater productive stability, but this trait does not confer greater productive potential.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2471
G. S. Lima, Jailson Batista da Silva, L. A. A. Soares, R. G. Nobre, H. Gheyi, Genilson Lima Diniz, P. Fernandes, Jussara Silva Dantas, V. L. Lima
In the semiarid regions, plants are constantly exposed to different conditions of abiotic stresses due to the occurrence of excess salts in both soil and water. Thus, it is extremely important to identify an alternative capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants as a way to ensure the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the chloroplast pigments, photochemical efficiency and growth of ‘Embrapa 51’ precocious dwarf cashew as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the rootstock formation stage. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.4; 1.2; 2.0; 2.8 and 3.6 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium fertilization - KD (100 and 150% of the recommendation corresponding to 150 and 225 g K2O kg-1 soil), with two plants per plot and three replicates. Water salinity from 0.4 induced reductions in chlorophyll a and b synthesis, maximum and variable fluorescence and growth in sexually propagated precocious dwarf cashew seedlings and increases in carotenoid content and initial chlorophyll fluorescence. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II in cashew plants was decreased sharply with the increment in water salinity levels, standing out as indicative of damage to the photosystem II reaction centres. 'Embrapa 51' precocious dwarf cashew plants can be classified as sensitive to water salinity above 0.4 dS m-1. Potassium doses of 100 and 150% of the recommendation did not alleviate the effects of salt stress during the precocious dwarf cashew rootstock production phase.
{"title":"Effect of water salinity and potassium doses on physiological traits and growth of ‘Embrapa 51’ precocious dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) rootstock","authors":"G. S. Lima, Jailson Batista da Silva, L. A. A. Soares, R. G. Nobre, H. Gheyi, Genilson Lima Diniz, P. Fernandes, Jussara Silva Dantas, V. L. Lima","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2471","url":null,"abstract":"In the semiarid regions, plants are constantly exposed to different conditions of abiotic stresses due to the occurrence of excess salts in both soil and water. Thus, it is extremely important to identify an alternative capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants as a way to ensure the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the chloroplast pigments, photochemical efficiency and growth of ‘Embrapa 51’ precocious dwarf cashew as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the rootstock formation stage. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.4; 1.2; 2.0; 2.8 and 3.6 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium fertilization - KD (100 and 150% of the recommendation corresponding to 150 and 225 g K2O kg-1 soil), with two plants per plot and three replicates. Water salinity from 0.4 induced reductions in chlorophyll a and b synthesis, maximum and variable fluorescence and growth in sexually propagated precocious dwarf cashew seedlings and increases in carotenoid content and initial chlorophyll fluorescence. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II in cashew plants was decreased sharply with the increment in water salinity levels, standing out as indicative of damage to the photosystem II reaction centres. 'Embrapa 51' precocious dwarf cashew plants can be classified as sensitive to water salinity above 0.4 dS m-1. Potassium doses of 100 and 150% of the recommendation did not alleviate the effects of salt stress during the precocious dwarf cashew rootstock production phase.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126335493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2743
Juliana Saltires dos Santos, Yure Pequeno de Souza Marcelo Vivas, A. T. A. Junior, R. Almeida, J. C. G. Saluci, G. S. Mafra, F. T. D. Oliveira, S. Khan, J. M. S. Vivas
Grain yield and popcorn quality losses have become more common due to attacks by pathogens responsible for leaf diseases. Genetic resistance is the main control measure, as it is applicable in large areas and uses reduced costs and less environmental impact, compared to chemical control. In this context, the purpose was to select popcorn hybrids that meet resistance to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, and Puccinia polysora and to have high levels of popping expansion and grain yield. We took into account two growing seasons (summer harvest - October 2014 to January 2015 - and winter harvest- April to July 2015). Twenty-eight hybrids from the complete diallel cross scheme were evaluated, among eight inbred lines (P8, P1, L55, L61, L70, L76, L77 and L88). For this purpose, we used a randomized block design with four replicates in two growing seasons. The traits investigated were the incidence of P. polysora (IPP), B. maydis (IBM), and E. turcicum (IET); severity of P. polysora (SPP), B. maydis (SBM), and E. turcicum (SET); grain yield (GY); and popping expansion (PE). Data from the experiments were submitted to the principal component analysis (PCA) through the R software. Results showed that the traits IET and IPP in the summer harvest, and IET and SET, in the winter harvest, were the most significant in the select of hybrids. The P8 x L76 and L70 x P8 hybrids were selected for summer harvest and the L77 x L61 hybrid, for winter harvest
{"title":"Resistance of popcorn hybrid (Zea mays) to multiple diseases and correlation between leaf disease intensity and agronomic traits","authors":"Juliana Saltires dos Santos, Yure Pequeno de Souza Marcelo Vivas, A. T. A. Junior, R. Almeida, J. C. G. Saluci, G. S. Mafra, F. T. D. Oliveira, S. Khan, J. M. S. Vivas","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2743","url":null,"abstract":"Grain yield and popcorn quality losses have become more common due to attacks by pathogens responsible for leaf diseases. Genetic resistance is the main control measure, as it is applicable in large areas and uses reduced costs and less environmental impact, compared to chemical control. In this context, the purpose was to select popcorn hybrids that meet resistance to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, and Puccinia polysora and to have high levels of popping expansion and grain yield. We took into account two growing seasons (summer harvest - October 2014 to January 2015 - and winter harvest- April to July 2015). Twenty-eight hybrids from the complete diallel cross scheme were evaluated, among eight inbred lines (P8, P1, L55, L61, L70, L76, L77 and L88). For this purpose, we used a randomized block design with four replicates in two growing seasons. The traits investigated were the incidence of P. polysora (IPP), B. maydis (IBM), and E. turcicum (IET); severity of P. polysora (SPP), B. maydis (SBM), and E. turcicum (SET); grain yield (GY); and popping expansion (PE). Data from the experiments were submitted to the principal component analysis (PCA) through the R software. Results showed that the traits IET and IPP in the summer harvest, and IET and SET, in the winter harvest, were the most significant in the select of hybrids. The P8 x L76 and L70 x P8 hybrids were selected for summer harvest and the L77 x L61 hybrid, for winter harvest","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133882326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2544
P. C. Araújo, P. A. F. R. Melo, E. U. Alves, Antônio Pereira dos Anjos Neto, A. C. A. Neto, J. H. R. Araujo, Janaina Marques Mondego, Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Joyce Naiara da Silva, Maria Luiza de Souza Medeiros
Luffa operculata (L.) is a native Brazilian biome plant used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Although Brazil’s flora comprises 67% of the world’s plants, only 8% of Brazilian plant species are studied each year. The studies indicate that climate change in tropical biomes intensifies the increase in salinized areas by about 10% per year for several reasons, including high temperatures, low rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates, due to surface water scarcity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the germination behavior and vigor of L. operculata seeds submitted to saline stress at different temperatures. To simulate salt stress conditions, sodium chloride was applied at 0.0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 dS m-1, at 25, 30, 35, 20-30 °C, with treatments distributed in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (five levels of osmotic potential and four temperatures), using four replications. The seeds were then evaluated concerning water content, germination tests, first counts, germination speed index and seedling root and shoot lengths. At 30 and 35 °C, the seed germination and vigor of L. operculata were less affected up to an osmotic potential of 9.0 dS m-1, where it is considered a moderate salinity tolerance. At 35 ºC, the germination uniformity was reduced to 98 and 93% by applying the 6 and 9 dS m-1 solutions, respectively. For the same temperature, the germination velocity remained 6.09 (IVG) until the saline potential of 9.0 dS m-1
{"title":"Effects of saline stress and temperature on germination and seed vigor of Luffa operculata L. Cogn","authors":"P. C. Araújo, P. A. F. R. Melo, E. U. Alves, Antônio Pereira dos Anjos Neto, A. C. A. Neto, J. H. R. Araujo, Janaina Marques Mondego, Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Joyce Naiara da Silva, Maria Luiza de Souza Medeiros","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2544","url":null,"abstract":"Luffa operculata (L.) is a native Brazilian biome plant used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Although Brazil’s flora comprises 67% of the world’s plants, only 8% of Brazilian plant species are studied each year. The studies indicate that climate change in tropical biomes intensifies the increase in salinized areas by about 10% per year for several reasons, including high temperatures, low rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates, due to surface water scarcity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the germination behavior and vigor of L. operculata seeds submitted to saline stress at different temperatures. To simulate salt stress conditions, sodium chloride was applied at 0.0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 dS m-1, at 25, 30, 35, 20-30 °C, with treatments distributed in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (five levels of osmotic potential and four temperatures), using four replications. The seeds were then evaluated concerning water content, germination tests, first counts, germination speed index and seedling root and shoot lengths. At 30 and 35 °C, the seed germination and vigor of L. operculata were less affected up to an osmotic potential of 9.0 dS m-1, where it is considered a moderate salinity tolerance. At 35 ºC, the germination uniformity was reduced to 98 and 93% by applying the 6 and 9 dS m-1 solutions, respectively. For the same temperature, the germination velocity remained 6.09 (IVG) until the saline potential of 9.0 dS m-1","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124941716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1407
A. F. M. Júnior, A. P. M. S. Rodrigues, R. Sales, A. M. Negreiros, M. Bettini, Esdras de Oliveira França Júnior, Á. G. Neto, R. Gonçalves, Kevison Rômulo da Silva França
The use of biofertilizers with macroalgae base has become a viable alternative to conventionally used synthetic fertilizers. Among the advantages of using these extracts is the increase in productivity and improvements in the agronomic performance of the crop. Its use is allowed in organic agriculture as it is a natural product. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the seaweed extract, Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) to the productive development and quality of watermelon plants. A randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications was applied. The treatments comprised of full or divided doses (total of 3.0 ml L-1) of seaweed extract (T1: producer standard; T2: (1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 mL L-1) applied 2 - 16 - 30 days after transplanting (d.a.t.); T3: (1.5 - 1.5 ml L-1) 2 - 30 (d.a.t.); T4: (1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 mL L-1) 16 - 30 - 44 (d.a.t.); T5: (1.5 - 1.5 mL L-1) 16 - 30 (d.a.t.) T6: (3.0 mL L-1) 2 (d.a.t.). 100 mL of the prepared solution was used for each experiment. The application of Acadian® improved the yield of water melon in the order of 12.69 to 27.76% and at different periods of the crop cycle.
以大型藻类为基础的生物肥料的使用已成为传统合成肥料的可行替代方案。使用这些提取物的优点之一是提高生产力和改善作物的农艺性能。有机农业允许使用它，因为它是一种天然产品。本研究旨在评价紫菜提取物Ascophyllum nodosum (L.)对西瓜植株生产发育和品质的影响。采用随机区组设计，6个处理，4个重复。处理包括全剂量或分剂量(总计3.0 ml L-1)海藻提取物(T1:生产商标准;T2: (1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0 mL L-1)在移植后2 - 16 - 30天(d.a.t)施用;T3:(1.5 - 1.5 ml L-1) 2 - 30(每日);T4:(1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0毫升l - 1) 16 - 30 - 44 (d.a.t。);T5:(1.5 - 1.5 mL L-1) 16 - 30(每日)T6:(3.0 mL L-1) 2(每日服用)。每次实验用制备的溶液100 mL。施用Acadian®对西瓜产量的提高幅度在12.69% ~ 27.76%之间，在作物周期的不同时期均有不同程度的提高。
{"title":"Production and quality of watermelon grown under seaweed extract","authors":"A. F. M. Júnior, A. P. M. S. Rodrigues, R. Sales, A. M. Negreiros, M. Bettini, Esdras de Oliveira França Júnior, Á. G. Neto, R. Gonçalves, Kevison Rômulo da Silva França","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P1407","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biofertilizers with macroalgae base has become a viable alternative to conventionally used synthetic fertilizers. Among the advantages of using these extracts is the increase in productivity and improvements in the agronomic performance of the crop. Its use is allowed in organic agriculture as it is a natural product. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the seaweed extract, Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) to the productive development and quality of watermelon plants. A randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications was applied. The treatments comprised of full or divided doses (total of 3.0 ml L-1) of seaweed extract (T1: producer standard; T2: (1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 mL L-1) applied 2 - 16 - 30 days after transplanting (d.a.t.); T3: (1.5 - 1.5 ml L-1) 2 - 30 (d.a.t.); T4: (1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 mL L-1) 16 - 30 - 44 (d.a.t.); T5: (1.5 - 1.5 mL L-1) 16 - 30 (d.a.t.) T6: (3.0 mL L-1) 2 (d.a.t.). 100 mL of the prepared solution was used for each experiment. The application of Acadian® improved the yield of water melon in the order of 12.69 to 27.76% and at different periods of the crop cycle.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2646
C. M. Costa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Gustavo de Farias Theodoro, G. S. Difante, A. Gurgel, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Francisco Carlos Camargo, E. M. D. Almeida
Most of the tropical soils that are intended for pastures are degraded or are at a certain stage of degradation. In this context, the use of nitrogen fertilization increases the quantity as well as the quality of the fodder produced and also accelerates growth, tillering, leaf production, and consequently, expansion of the aerial region and the root system. The present review of the literature aims to determine how the control of the source, location, time, and the application of a right dose of nitrogen fertilizer influences and benefits the entire ecosystem in tropical pastures with the correct use of 4R management, along with increasing the forage yields in these areas. The results showed that in tropical pastures, the recommended N dose varies with the cultivar used and the expected forage production and ranges from 50 to 500 kg N ha–1 year–1, irrespective of division in grazing cycles, with distribution in the entire pasture area
大多数用于牧场的热带土壤已经退化或处于一定的退化阶段。在这种情况下，氮肥的使用增加了所生产饲料的数量和质量，也加速了生长，分蘖，叶片生产，从而扩大了空中区域和根系。目前的文献综述旨在确定在正确使用4R管理的情况下，控制来源、地点、时间和适当剂量氮肥的施用如何影响和有利于热带牧场的整个生态系统，并增加这些地区的饲料产量。结果表明:热带牧草的推荐施氮量随牧草品种和预期产量的不同而不同，施氮量在50 ~ 500 kg N / h - 1年- 1之间，与放牧周期的划分无关，且分布在整个牧区
{"title":"The 4R management for nitrogen fertilization in tropical forage: A review","authors":"C. M. Costa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Gustavo de Farias Theodoro, G. S. Difante, A. Gurgel, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Francisco Carlos Camargo, E. M. D. Almeida","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2646","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the tropical soils that are intended for pastures are degraded or are at a certain stage of degradation. In this context, the use of nitrogen fertilization increases the quantity as well as the quality of the fodder produced and also accelerates growth, tillering, leaf production, and consequently, expansion of the aerial region and the root system. The present review of the literature aims to determine how the control of the source, location, time, and the application of a right dose of nitrogen fertilizer influences and benefits the entire ecosystem in tropical pastures with the correct use of 4R management, along with increasing the forage yields in these areas. The results showed that in tropical pastures, the recommended N dose varies with the cultivar used and the expected forage production and ranges from 50 to 500 kg N ha–1 year–1, irrespective of division in grazing cycles, with distribution in the entire pasture area","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132949179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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