Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2564
L. C. Moura, Aloisio Xavier, L. F. Viccini, D. S. Batista, E. M. Matos, R. Gallo, Brígida Maria dos Reis Teixeira, W. Otoni
Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species of the genus Eucalyptus that is used across the world, especially in Brazil. It is used for pulp and paper production, and charcoal production for iron and steel industry, thus making the development of biotechnological approaches essential for the breeding programs of this species. The polyploidy induction is one such approach that may introduce phenotypic characteristics of interest to the market and industry. This is the first study that shows the production, evaluation, and development of tetraploids (4x = 44) from a clone of E. urophylla. For this, the shoot apical meristems were cultured for elongation using in vitro conditions for 15 with 5 or 10 µM colchicine, trifluralin, or oryzalin. Following this, every 30 days, the elongated plantlets were transferred to JADS medium for multiplication using tufts as explants. Thereafter, four tufts containing six to eight buds each were inoculated in flasks followed by six subcultures and were then transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (3x2+1: antimitotic substance x concentrations + control), with 12 replicates. Analysis of nuclear DNA content and chromosome counting by flow cytometry, photosynthetic pigment quantification, stomatal size and density, survival, and rooting were performed for 110 days after acclimatization. Data were submitted for analysis of variance followed by Scott & Knott’s test (P ≤ 0.05). As a result, we observed that the oryzalin and trifluralin treatments were efficient in the induction of tetraploid plants, while colchicine proved to be ineffective. Also, trifluralin treatment at 5 µM provided a higher polyploidy induction (18.2% tetraploids) in comparison to the others. Diploid plants displayed 1.41 pg of nuclear DNA content with 22 chromosomes, while tetraploid plants showed 2.86 pg with 44 chromosomes. In conclusion, the tetraploid plants, as compared to the diploids (control), were found to show higher chlorophyll content, larger but fewer stomata, and lower rooting and survival, which can be mitigated nonetheless through silvicultural techniques. This study shall bring new perspectives for the breeding programs of E. urophylla
{"title":"Induction and evaluation of tetraploid plants of Eucalyptus urophylla clones","authors":"L. C. Moura, Aloisio Xavier, L. F. Viccini, D. S. Batista, E. M. Matos, R. Gallo, Brígida Maria dos Reis Teixeira, W. Otoni","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2564","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species of the genus Eucalyptus that is used across the world, especially in Brazil. It is used for pulp and paper production, and charcoal production for iron and steel industry, thus making the development of biotechnological approaches essential for the breeding programs of this species. The polyploidy induction is one such approach that may introduce phenotypic characteristics of interest to the market and industry. This is the first study that shows the production, evaluation, and development of tetraploids (4x = 44) from a clone of E. urophylla. For this, the shoot apical meristems were cultured for elongation using in vitro conditions for 15 with 5 or 10 µM colchicine, trifluralin, or oryzalin. Following this, every 30 days, the elongated plantlets were transferred to JADS medium for multiplication using tufts as explants. Thereafter, four tufts containing six to eight buds each were inoculated in flasks followed by six subcultures and were then transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (3x2+1: antimitotic substance x concentrations + control), with 12 replicates. Analysis of nuclear DNA content and chromosome counting by flow cytometry, photosynthetic pigment quantification, stomatal size and density, survival, and rooting were performed for 110 days after acclimatization. Data were submitted for analysis of variance followed by Scott & Knott’s test (P ≤ 0.05). As a result, we observed that the oryzalin and trifluralin treatments were efficient in the induction of tetraploid plants, while colchicine proved to be ineffective. Also, trifluralin treatment at 5 µM provided a higher polyploidy induction (18.2% tetraploids) in comparison to the others. Diploid plants displayed 1.41 pg of nuclear DNA content with 22 chromosomes, while tetraploid plants showed 2.86 pg with 44 chromosomes. In conclusion, the tetraploid plants, as compared to the diploids (control), were found to show higher chlorophyll content, larger but fewer stomata, and lower rooting and survival, which can be mitigated nonetheless through silvicultural techniques. This study shall bring new perspectives for the breeding programs of E. urophylla","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tech, ethics and the digital citizen","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115332359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New homes for old core","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123431676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change in a time of crisis","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"76 896 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132934722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The year of (what is?) life","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115546663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187
S. G. Santos, Jefferson Kran Sarti, Cássio da Silva Kran, H. W. D. Silva, R. Rodovalho, Luís Sérgio Rodrigues Vale, Daniel Pereira da Silva, João César Reis Alves, D. C. D. Oliveira, I. A. Devilla
Solanum gilo is a plant belonging to the family Solanaceae with a probable origin in Africa. It was introduced to Brazil by workers. The fruit is cultivated by small producers in Brazil and it is a source of food for the low-income population. Its seeds are harvested with high moisture contents, and the drying process is necessary. Sorption isotherms consist of the relation between water activity (aw) and moisture content of an agricultural product at a constant temperature. This information contributes to the drying process, thus favoring an increased longevity of agricultural products, such as seeds. This research aims to determine the desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds and calculate their thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy). Sorption experiments were performed by the gravimetric static method using saline solutions. Several mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and the selection of the best model was performed by statistical criteria. Equilibrium moisture contents were obtained at 10, 20 and 30°C and at water activities between 0.111 and 0.985 (decimal). The modified Oswin model best represents moisture desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds under the studied conditions. The energy required for the process was 0.22-555.68 kJ kg-1. The latent heat of vaporization (L), the enthalpy (Qst), the entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased with the reduction of the equilibrium moisture content of seeds. The theory of isokinetics is valid for the desorption process.
{"title":"Desorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of Solanum gilo","authors":"S. G. Santos, Jefferson Kran Sarti, Cássio da Silva Kran, H. W. D. Silva, R. Rodovalho, Luís Sérgio Rodrigues Vale, Daniel Pereira da Silva, João César Reis Alves, D. C. D. Oliveira, I. A. Devilla","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum gilo is a plant belonging to the family Solanaceae with a probable origin in Africa. It was introduced to Brazil by workers. The fruit is cultivated by small producers in Brazil and it is a source of food for the low-income population. Its seeds are harvested with high moisture contents, and the drying process is necessary. Sorption isotherms consist of the relation between water activity (aw) and moisture content of an agricultural product at a constant temperature. This information contributes to the drying process, thus favoring an increased longevity of agricultural products, such as seeds. This research aims to determine the desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds and calculate their thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy). Sorption experiments were performed by the gravimetric static method using saline solutions. Several mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and the selection of the best model was performed by statistical criteria. Equilibrium moisture contents were obtained at 10, 20 and 30°C and at water activities between 0.111 and 0.985 (decimal). The modified Oswin model best represents moisture desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds under the studied conditions. The energy required for the process was 0.22-555.68 kJ kg-1. The latent heat of vaporization (L), the enthalpy (Qst), the entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased with the reduction of the equilibrium moisture content of seeds. The theory of isokinetics is valid for the desorption process.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123593686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：