Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2646
C. M. Costa, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Gustavo de Farias Theodoro, G. S. Difante, A. Gurgel, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Francisco Carlos Camargo, E. M. D. Almeida
Most of the tropical soils that are intended for pastures are degraded or are at a certain stage of degradation. In this context, the use of nitrogen fertilization increases the quantity as well as the quality of the fodder produced and also accelerates growth, tillering, leaf production, and consequently, expansion of the aerial region and the root system. The present review of the literature aims to determine how the control of the source, location, time, and the application of a right dose of nitrogen fertilizer influences and benefits the entire ecosystem in tropical pastures with the correct use of 4R management, along with increasing the forage yields in these areas. The results showed that in tropical pastures, the recommended N dose varies with the cultivar used and the expected forage production and ranges from 50 to 500 kg N ha–1 year–1, irrespective of division in grazing cycles, with distribution in the entire pasture area
大多数用于牧场的热带土壤已经退化或处于一定的退化阶段。在这种情况下，氮肥的使用增加了所生产饲料的数量和质量，也加速了生长，分蘖，叶片生产，从而扩大了空中区域和根系。目前的文献综述旨在确定在正确使用4R管理的情况下，控制来源、地点、时间和适当剂量氮肥的施用如何影响和有利于热带牧场的整个生态系统，并增加这些地区的饲料产量。结果表明:热带牧草的推荐施氮量随牧草品种和预期产量的不同而不同，施氮量在50 ~ 500 kg N / h - 1年- 1之间，与放牧周期的划分无关，且分布在整个牧区
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{"title":"Tech, ethics and the digital citizen","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115332359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New homes for old core","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123431676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change in a time of crisis","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"76 896 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132934722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The year of (what is?) life","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115546663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187
S. G. Santos, Jefferson Kran Sarti, Cássio da Silva Kran, H. W. D. Silva, R. Rodovalho, Luís Sérgio Rodrigues Vale, Daniel Pereira da Silva, João César Reis Alves, D. C. D. Oliveira, I. A. Devilla
Solanum gilo is a plant belonging to the family Solanaceae with a probable origin in Africa. It was introduced to Brazil by workers. The fruit is cultivated by small producers in Brazil and it is a source of food for the low-income population. Its seeds are harvested with high moisture contents, and the drying process is necessary. Sorption isotherms consist of the relation between water activity (aw) and moisture content of an agricultural product at a constant temperature. This information contributes to the drying process, thus favoring an increased longevity of agricultural products, such as seeds. This research aims to determine the desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds and calculate their thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy). Sorption experiments were performed by the gravimetric static method using saline solutions. Several mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and the selection of the best model was performed by statistical criteria. Equilibrium moisture contents were obtained at 10, 20 and 30°C and at water activities between 0.111 and 0.985 (decimal). The modified Oswin model best represents moisture desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds under the studied conditions. The energy required for the process was 0.22-555.68 kJ kg-1. The latent heat of vaporization (L), the enthalpy (Qst), the entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased with the reduction of the equilibrium moisture content of seeds. The theory of isokinetics is valid for the desorption process.
{"title":"Desorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of Solanum gilo","authors":"S. G. Santos, Jefferson Kran Sarti, Cássio da Silva Kran, H. W. D. Silva, R. Rodovalho, Luís Sérgio Rodrigues Vale, Daniel Pereira da Silva, João César Reis Alves, D. C. D. Oliveira, I. A. Devilla","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.11.P2187","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum gilo is a plant belonging to the family Solanaceae with a probable origin in Africa. It was introduced to Brazil by workers. The fruit is cultivated by small producers in Brazil and it is a source of food for the low-income population. Its seeds are harvested with high moisture contents, and the drying process is necessary. Sorption isotherms consist of the relation between water activity (aw) and moisture content of an agricultural product at a constant temperature. This information contributes to the drying process, thus favoring an increased longevity of agricultural products, such as seeds. This research aims to determine the desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds and calculate their thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy). Sorption experiments were performed by the gravimetric static method using saline solutions. Several mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and the selection of the best model was performed by statistical criteria. Equilibrium moisture contents were obtained at 10, 20 and 30°C and at water activities between 0.111 and 0.985 (decimal). The modified Oswin model best represents moisture desorption isotherms of Solanum gilo seeds under the studied conditions. The energy required for the process was 0.22-555.68 kJ kg-1. The latent heat of vaporization (L), the enthalpy (Qst), the entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased with the reduction of the equilibrium moisture content of seeds. The theory of isokinetics is valid for the desorption process.","PeriodicalId":277149,"journal":{"name":"November 2020","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123593686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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