Pub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100576
Rani , Faiz Ali , Mian Muhammad , Zeid A. AlOthman
An effective photo catalytic method utilizing fluorescent carbon dots (CDP) has been developed for the degradation of imidacloprid. The CDP were synthesized hydrothermally using fructose, palladium, and ethylene diamine and they were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), spectrofluorometer, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The key determinants were optimized and using the optimized conditions. 97 % photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid was achieved in 40 min at 365 nm using 5.0 mg L–1 of imidacloprid at pH 10. The catalyst loading, and the response time were effectively correlated, emphasizing the critical role in improving the degrading efficiency. The pseudo- first order and second order kinetic models were applied to the data showing the best fitting with pseudo-first order kinetic model. The CDP can be used for repeated cycles maintaining its degradation efficiency within reasonable limits. The results highlighted the promising potential of using carbon dots as effective photocatalytic materials which are cost effective and environmentally safe for water remediation.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Pd-doped carbon dots (CDP) for the photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid","authors":"Rani , Faiz Ali , Mian Muhammad , Zeid A. AlOthman","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective photo catalytic method utilizing fluorescent carbon dots (CDP) has been developed for the degradation of imidacloprid. The CDP were synthesized hydrothermally using fructose, palladium, and ethylene diamine and they were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), spectrofluorometer, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The key determinants were optimized and using the optimized conditions. 97 % photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid was achieved in 40 min at 365 nm using 5.0 mg L<sup>–</sup><sup>1</sup> of imidacloprid at pH 10. The catalyst loading, and the response time were effectively correlated, emphasizing the critical role in improving the degrading efficiency. The pseudo- first order and second order kinetic models were applied to the data showing the best fitting with pseudo-first order kinetic model. The CDP can be used for repeated cycles maintaining its degradation efficiency within reasonable limits. The results highlighted the promising potential of using carbon dots as effective photocatalytic materials which are cost effective and environmentally safe for water remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100574
Ma Guo-Hua , Xing Xin-Xin , Gao Yuan , He Yu-Fang , Zhao Yu-Wei , Zhao Jian-Hui , Ma Yang , Yin Yu-He , Nan Min-Lun
Epimedium (EP) and its extracts have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the specific active components and mechanisms whereby they exert their effects remain unclear. This paper will explore the mechanism of action of EP for the treatment of DM using network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology (TCMSP), Uniprot and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to obtain compound and target information for EP. GeneCards database was used to obtain DM-related targets, and Cytoscape 3.8.0, Metascape and We Seng Xin platforms were used for network analyses. A total of 23 active components of EP, which are associated with its therapeutic effect in the treatment of DM, were identified by integrating the results of database search. Of the 234 targets, 44 key genes were found to be significantly enriched in the AKT1, TNF, PPARG and STAT3. Icaritin and icariin were identified as the core components affecting DM pathways. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation studies confirmed that the core components effectively bind to the above targets, meanwhile, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the core components have better hypoglycemic activity compared with the positive control. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of EP in DM may be attributed to its bioactive components, such as icaritin and icariin. These components also modulate DM-related pathways, including glutathione metabolism, tryptophan peroxisome-related pathways, and peroxisomes. The present study provides valuable scientific insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of EP in DM and highlights the potential of EP as a promising drug.
淫羊藿及其提取物已被证明对糖尿病（DM）的治疗有益。然而，它们发挥作用的具体活性成分和机制尚不清楚。本文将运用网络药理学方法探讨EP治疗糖尿病的作用机制。使用中药系统药理学（TCMSP）、Uniprot和Swiss Target Prediction数据库获取EP的化合物和靶点信息。使用GeneCards数据库获取dm相关靶点，使用Cytoscape 3.8.0、metscape和We Seng Xin平台进行网络分析。通过整合数据库检索结果，共鉴定出EP的23种活性成分，这些活性成分与EP治疗DM的疗效有关。在234个靶点中，发现有44个关键基因在AKT1、TNF、PPARG和STAT3中显著富集。淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿苷被确定为影响DM通路的核心成分。分子对接和动力学模拟研究证实，核心成分与上述靶点有效结合，同时体内和体外实验表明，核心成分与阳性对照相比具有更好的降糖活性。综上所述，EP对DM的治疗作用可能与其生物活性成分如淫羊藿苷和淫羊藿苷有关。这些成分也调节dm相关途径，包括谷胱甘肽代谢、色氨酸过氧化物酶体相关途径和过氧化物酶体。本研究为EP在糖尿病中作用的药理学机制提供了有价值的科学见解，并强调了EP作为一种有前景的药物的潜力。
{"title":"Exploring the mechanism of Epimedium in diabetes mellitus treatment based on network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Ma Guo-Hua , Xing Xin-Xin , Gao Yuan , He Yu-Fang , Zhao Yu-Wei , Zhao Jian-Hui , Ma Yang , Yin Yu-He , Nan Min-Lun","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Epimedium</em> (EP) and its extracts have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the specific active components and mechanisms whereby they exert their effects remain unclear. This paper will explore the mechanism of action of EP for the treatment of DM using network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology (TCMSP), Uniprot and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to obtain compound and target information for EP. GeneCards database was used to obtain DM-related targets, and Cytoscape 3.8.0, Metascape and We Seng Xin platforms were used for network analyses. A total of 23 active components of EP, which are associated with its therapeutic effect in the treatment of DM, were identified by integrating the results of database search. Of the 234 targets, 44 key genes were found to be significantly enriched in the AKT1, TNF, PPARG and STAT3. Icaritin and icariin were identified as the core components affecting DM pathways. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation studies confirmed that the core components effectively bind to the above targets, meanwhile, <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments showed that the core components have better hypoglycemic activity compared with the positive control. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of EP in DM may be attributed to its bioactive components, such as icaritin and icariin. These components also modulate DM-related pathways, including glutathione metabolism, tryptophan peroxisome-related pathways, and peroxisomes. The present study provides valuable scientific insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of EP in DM and highlights the potential of EP as a promising drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553
Asmaa M.S. AHMED , Abdelatty M. RADALLA , Samar M. MAHGOUB , Saber A.A. ELSUCCARY , Mohamed Ali KORANY , Abeer Enaiet ALLAH , Fatma MOHAMED , Ahmed A. ALLAM , Haifa E. ALFASSAM , Rehab MAHMOUD
The widespread presence of antibiotics like clindamycin (CLN) in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, synthesized via coprecipitation, for CLN detection in environmental samples. Characterization by FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA confirmed a porous, nano-flake structure conducive to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The sensor exhibited excellent performance with a detection limit of 0.044 µM (0.0187 µg/mL), a quantification limit of 0.15 µM (0.0638 µg/mL), and a linear range of 4–700 µM, outperforming traditional HPLC methods. Optimal detection was achieved at pH 3.6, with good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Application to tap water, Nile river water, groundwater, and wastewater samples confirmed its practical utility. The method's environmental impact was evaluated using green chemistry metrics including AGREEprep, ESA, and AMVI demonstrating its eco-friendliness. Cytotoxicity testing on WI-38 cells showed concentration-dependent effects, supporting its safe use in environmental and biomedical contexts. The total cost of the material was estimated at 8.14 USD/g, confirming its affordability for large-scale applications.
{"title":"Advanced electrochemical detection of clindamycin from aqueous solutions using Zinc Aluminium layered double hydroxide: Green chemistry approaches and cytotoxicity evaluation","authors":"Asmaa M.S. AHMED , Abdelatty M. RADALLA , Samar M. MAHGOUB , Saber A.A. ELSUCCARY , Mohamed Ali KORANY , Abeer Enaiet ALLAH , Fatma MOHAMED , Ahmed A. ALLAM , Haifa E. ALFASSAM , Rehab MAHMOUD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of antibiotics like clindamycin (CLN) in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, synthesized via coprecipitation, for CLN detection in environmental samples. Characterization by FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA confirmed a porous, nano-flake structure conducive to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The sensor exhibited excellent performance with a detection limit of 0.044 µM (0.0187 µg/mL), a quantification limit of 0.15 µM (0.0638 µg/mL), and a linear range of 4–700 µM, outperforming traditional HPLC methods. Optimal detection was achieved at pH 3.6, with good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Application to tap water, Nile river water, groundwater, and wastewater samples confirmed its practical utility. The method's environmental impact was evaluated using green chemistry metrics including AGREEprep, ESA, and AMVI demonstrating its eco-friendliness. Cytotoxicity testing on WI-38 cells showed concentration-dependent effects, supporting its safe use in environmental and biomedical contexts. The total cost of the material was estimated at 8.14 USD/g, confirming its affordability for large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100577
Hailong Li , Zheng Wang , Qingming Zhang , Wanting Wang , Peipei Han , Haoting Yu , Jiahui Ma , Xingde Zhang , Hui Xie , Hongli Yu
Objective
To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for simultaneous determination of two phenolic acids (gallic acid, salvianolic acid B) and three quinones (cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA) in Compound Salvia miltiorrhiza gel (CSG).
Methods
The HPLC method employs gradient elution with multi-channel to optimize detection sensitivity. Validation parameters include linearity, precision, stability, repeatability, and accuracy.
Results
All five compounds exhibit excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999) within their respective concentration ranges. The method demonstrates high precision (RSD < 2%), stability (RSD < 1.93%), repeatability (RSD < 1.90%), and accuracy (average recoveries: 98.93–101.31%). No interference is observed in negative control samples.
Conclusion
This validated HPLC method provides a robust and efficient approach for quality control of CSG, ensuring accurate quantification of its key bioactive components. The study supports the standardization of herbal gel formulations and offers a foundation for further pharmacological research.
{"title":"Simultaneous determination of five active compounds in compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza gel via multi-channel HPLC detection","authors":"Hailong Li , Zheng Wang , Qingming Zhang , Wanting Wang , Peipei Han , Haoting Yu , Jiahui Ma , Xingde Zhang , Hui Xie , Hongli Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for simultaneous determination of two phenolic acids (gallic acid, salvianolic acid B) and three quinones (cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA) in Compound <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> gel (CSG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The HPLC method employs gradient elution with multi-channel to optimize detection sensitivity. Validation parameters include linearity, precision, stability, repeatability, and accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All five compounds exhibit excellent linearity (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.999) within their respective concentration ranges. The method demonstrates high precision (RSD < 2%), stability (RSD < 1.93%), repeatability (RSD < 1.90%), and accuracy (average recoveries: 98.93–101.31%). No interference is observed in negative control samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This validated HPLC method provides a robust and efficient approach for quality control of CSG, ensuring accurate quantification of its key bioactive components. The study supports the standardization of herbal gel formulations and offers a foundation for further pharmacological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100569
Yinyu Chen , Hongji Zeng , Yu Song , Zhengyan Li , Ganghui Chu , Jing Tian , Hongchao Ji
The ‘Kunlun Snow Chrysanthemum’ (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.), a medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, China, is valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. This study explores the impact of altitude on its metabolic profile using an integrated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics approach. Samples from four altitudes (∼1231 to ∼3200 m) were analyzed and revealed distinct metabolic variations across samples from different altitudes. To facilitate data analysis, we developed Statistical Metabolomics Suite (StatMS), a Python-based tool that provides preprocessing, statistical analysis, and interactive visualization. By integrating experimental analysis with data processing, this study offers new insights into the environmental influence on C. tinctoria’s metabolic composition, enhancing its potential as a high-value medicinal resource.
{"title":"Development of StatMS platform coupled with MS metabolomics identifies altitude-responsive metabolites in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt․","authors":"Yinyu Chen , Hongji Zeng , Yu Song , Zhengyan Li , Ganghui Chu , Jing Tian , Hongchao Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ‘Kunlun Snow Chrysanthemum’ (<em>Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.</em>), a medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, China, is valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. This study explores the impact of altitude on its metabolic profile using an integrated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics approach. Samples from four altitudes (∼1231 to ∼3200 m) were analyzed and revealed distinct metabolic variations across samples from different altitudes. To facilitate data analysis, we developed Statistical Metabolomics Suite (StatMS), a Python-based tool that provides preprocessing, statistical analysis, and interactive visualization. By integrating experimental analysis with data processing, this study offers new insights into the environmental influence on <em>C. tinctoria’s</em> metabolic composition, enhancing its potential as a high-value medicinal resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is interested in the applications and technological innovations of systems biology to insomnia research within an integrative framework of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science. Insomnia, a common sleep disorder, is a significant global health threat and has emerged as an increasing public health concern. Systems biology, based on multi-omics technologies like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enables the explanation of the complex mechanisms of insomnia in an integrative manner. This review considers the possibility of integrating TCM theories with systems biology for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The advances such as genome-wide association studies and neurobiological observations are illuminating the pathophysiology of insomnia, which can be integrated with TCM concepts. Network pharmacology and multi-layered regulatory network modeling are highlighted as beneficial in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in insomnia. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and envisions the convergence of TCM and contemporary scientific approaches in the future for better treatment of insomnia.
{"title":"Integrative systems biology in insomnia: Bridging traditional Chinese medicine and modern science","authors":"Xu Zhang , Shasha Zhang , Shanzhong Tan , Lizhong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article is interested in the applications and technological innovations of systems biology to insomnia research within an integrative framework of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science. Insomnia, a common sleep disorder, is a significant global health threat and has emerged as an increasing public health concern. Systems biology, based on multi-omics technologies like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enables the explanation of the complex mechanisms of insomnia in an integrative manner. This review considers the possibility of integrating TCM theories with systems biology for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The advances such as genome-wide association studies and neurobiological observations are illuminating the pathophysiology of insomnia, which can be integrated with TCM concepts. Network pharmacology and multi-layered regulatory network modeling are highlighted as beneficial in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in insomnia. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and envisions the convergence of TCM and contemporary scientific approaches in the future for better treatment of insomnia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100539
Dereje Diriba CHEMEDA , Daniel FITAMO
In rural Borana, Ethiopia, limited access to potable water and the high cost of conventional water treatment methods have led many people to rely on turbid surface water for drinking, exposing them to waterborne diseases. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Moringa stenopetala seed powder (MSP) as a natural coagulant for reducing turbidity and Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels in pond water, compared to the conventional coagulant, aluminum sulfate (alum). Water samples were treated with MSP or alum at dosages ranging from 0 to 130 mg/L. The study assessed the effects of initial pH (1.5 to 10.5), settling time (30 to 180 min), and initial turbidity (55 to 319 NTU) on coagulation efficiency for both coagulants. Turbidity, pH, and E. coli levels in the water samples were measured before and after treatment using a portable turbidity meter, portable pH meter, and membrane filtration, respectively. A one-way ANOVA was used to assess significant differences (p < 0.05) between MSP and alum in their coagulation effectiveness. After 120 min of settling, alum (70 mg/L) reduced turbidity from 216 NTU to 1.8 NTU (99.16% removal), while MSP (80 mg/L) reduced turbidity to 4.2 NTU (98.05% removal). Both coagulants achieved turbidity levels below the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 5 NTU, with MSP showing similar efficacy to alum. In terms of E. coli reduction, alum at 70 mg/L reduced E. coli by 29.78% (from 47 to 33 CFU/100 mL), while MSP at 80 mg/L achieved a 95.74% reduction (to 2 CFU/100 mL). Additionally, MSP did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter the pH of treated water, unlike alum, which typically lowers the pH and requires post-treatment adjustment. These results suggest that MSP is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to alum, particularly in rural areas like Borana, where access to clean water is limited.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Moringa stenopetala seed powder and aluminum sulfate for turbidity and E. coli removal from surface water: The case of bake pond, Borana zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Diriba CHEMEDA , Daniel FITAMO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In rural Borana, Ethiopia, limited access to potable water and the high cost of conventional water treatment methods have led many people to rely on turbid surface water for drinking, exposing them to waterborne diseases. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of <em>Moringa stenopetala</em> seed powder (MSP) as a natural coagulant for reducing turbidity and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) levels in pond water, compared to the conventional coagulant, aluminum sulfate (alum). Water samples were treated with MSP or alum at dosages ranging from 0 to 130 mg/L. The study assessed the effects of initial pH (1.5 to 10.5), settling time (30 to 180 min), and initial turbidity (55 to 319 NTU) on coagulation efficiency for both coagulants. Turbidity, pH, and <em>E. coli</em> levels in the water samples were measured before and after treatment using a portable turbidity meter, portable pH meter, and membrane filtration, respectively. A one-way ANOVA was used to assess significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.05) between MSP and alum in their coagulation effectiveness. After 120 min of settling, alum (70 mg/L) reduced turbidity from 216 NTU to 1.8 NTU (99.16% removal), while MSP (80 mg/L) reduced turbidity to 4.2 NTU (98.05% removal). Both coagulants achieved turbidity levels below the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 5 NTU, with MSP showing similar efficacy to alum. In terms of <em>E. coli</em> reduction, alum at 70 mg/L reduced <em>E. coli</em> by 29.78% (from 47 to 33 CFU/100 mL), while MSP at 80 mg/L achieved a 95.74% reduction (to 2 CFU/100 mL). Additionally, MSP did not significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) alter the pH of treated water, unlike alum, which typically lowers the pH and requires post-treatment adjustment. These results suggest that MSP is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to alum, particularly in rural areas like Borana, where access to clean water is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100563
Basima A.A. Saleem , Salim A. Mohammed , Amer Th. Al-Taee
Cilnidipine is an important antihypertensive medication within the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers. The precise quantification of cilnidipine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples is crucial for ensuring therapeutic efficacy and safety. Traditional analytical techniques for measuring cilnidipine amounts have included various methods, with oxidative coupling reactions proving particularly effective. This study presents a novel spectrophotometric method for cilnidipine quantification, employing oxidative coupling with 4-aminoAntipyrine and 4-amino diphenylamine. These reactions yield colored compounds that can be detected in the visible spectrum at wavelengths of 528 nm and 721 nm, significantly improving both sensitivity and accuracy. Methods A and B adhere to Beer's law across specified concentration ranges of 1–55 and 1–30 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating high molar absorptivity of 1.098×104 L/(mol⋅cm) for method A and 2.1179×104 L/(mol⋅cm) for method B, which highlights their analytical robustness. The limit of detections (LOD) was estimation and found to be 0.1159 and 0.3865 µg/mL for methods A and B, correspondingly, while the limit of quantifications (LOQ) was 0.1976 (method A) and 0.5848 µg/mL (method B), showcasing their strong analytical performance. A thorough validation of linearity and precision was performed, with Sandell's sensitivity assessed at 0.04486 µg/cm2 for method A and 0.02325 µg/cm2 for method B. This innovative approach provides researchers and healthcare professionals with a reliable tool for accurate cilnidipine measurement, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and ensuring high standards of pharmaceutical quality. The two suggested techniques effectively determined Cilnidipine; with a decent average recovery in pharmaceutical tablets 99.53%–100.2 % and in human urine and serum samples of 99.77%–100.58 %, no intrusions of co-existing additives present in commercial dosage forms were noted.
{"title":"Pioneering spectrophotometric analysis of cilnidipine via coupling with amino reagents: application to pharmaceuticals and biological fluids","authors":"Basima A.A. Saleem , Salim A. Mohammed , Amer Th. Al-Taee","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cilnidipine is an important antihypertensive medication within the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers. The precise quantification of cilnidipine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples is crucial for ensuring therapeutic efficacy and safety. Traditional analytical techniques for measuring cilnidipine amounts have included various methods, with oxidative coupling reactions proving particularly effective. This study presents a novel spectrophotometric method for cilnidipine quantification, employing oxidative coupling with 4-aminoAntipyrine and 4-amino diphenylamine. These reactions yield colored compounds that can be detected in the visible spectrum at wavelengths of 528 nm and 721 nm, significantly improving both sensitivity and accuracy. Methods A and B adhere to Beer's law across specified concentration ranges of 1–55 and 1–30 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating high molar absorptivity of 1.098×10<sup>4</sup> L/(mol⋅cm) for method A and 2.1179×10<sup>4</sup> L/(mol⋅cm) for method B, which highlights their analytical robustness. The limit of detections (LOD) was estimation and found to be 0.1159 and 0.3865 µg/mL for methods A and B, correspondingly, while the limit of quantifications (LOQ) was 0.1976 (method A) and 0.5848 µg/mL (method B), showcasing their strong analytical performance. A thorough validation of linearity and precision was performed, with Sandell's sensitivity assessed at 0.04486 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> for method A and 0.02325 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> for method B. This innovative approach provides researchers and healthcare professionals with a reliable tool for accurate cilnidipine measurement, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and ensuring high standards of pharmaceutical quality. The two suggested techniques effectively determined Cilnidipine; with a decent average recovery in pharmaceutical tablets 99.53%–100.2 % and in human urine and serum samples of 99.77%–100.58 %, no intrusions of co-existing additives present in commercial dosage forms were noted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100562
Ke LI , Weiguang LV , Boning ZHANG , Shengnan HAN , Jing HAN , Yu ZHANG , Wei WANG , Weiyu ZANG , Anqi YANG , Hongjia WANG , Chenggang ZHANG
Introduction
Sishen Wan (SSW), a classical traditional Chinese medicine decoction, is described to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but the molecular mechanisms of the main active ingredients of SSW on the interaction between mitochondria and T cells are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the main active ingredients of SSW, predict and explore the possible regulatory mechanism of main active ingredients of SSW in modulating mitochondrial function and ameliorating mitochondrial damage, followed by regulating T cell balance during UC development.
Methods
Colorimetric test and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the efficacy of SSW on inflammatory injuries of UC and preliminarily explore the mechanisms of SSW against oxidative stress. The main active components and their possible ligands were predicted by network pharmacology, molecular docking, dynamic simulation and three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR). RNA-seq analysis and western blot (WB) was conduct to discover the impact of SSW on genetic profile changes, and discover and predict the potentials of anti-mitochondrial damage and proinflammatory T-cells of the selected bioactive compounds.
Results
SSW effectively ameliorated the colonic injuries and alleviated the oxidative stress in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC. Angelicin, corylifolinin, psoralen and rutaecarpine, derived from SSW, were identified as the main components of SSW, and might interact with CYP2C9 and CYP1A1 due to the lowest binding energy. SSW alleviated UC via regulating genes related to mitochondrial function and T cell responses based on RNA-seq data. Cytc-related targets and T cell-associated proinflammatory cytokines were downregulated, while mtDNA repairing-related targets were upregulated with SSW intervention. Moreover, the caspase, inflammasome and Th1 and Th17 polarizing-related genes are positively correlated with cytochrome C oxidase (COX), caspase and inflammasome-associated genes, respectively.
Conclusion
Taken together, this study not only identifies the main bioactive ingredients of SSW and their possible ligands, but also provides angelicin, corylifolinin, psoralen and rutaecarpine may alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, followed by modulating Th1 and Th17-related proinflammatory cytokines.
四神丸（SSW）是一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的经典中药汤剂，但其主要活性成分对线粒体与T细胞相互作用的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定SSW的主要活性成分，预测并探讨SSW主要活性成分在UC发育过程中调节线粒体功能、改善线粒体损伤，进而调节T细胞平衡的可能调控机制。方法采用荧光定量法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）评价SSW对UC炎症损伤的疗效，并初步探讨SSW抗氧化应激的作用机制。通过网络药理学、分子对接、动态模拟、三维定量构效关系（3D-QSAR）等方法预测主要活性成分及其可能的配体。通过RNA-seq分析和western blot （WB）分析SSW对遗传谱变化的影响，发现并预测所选生物活性化合物抗线粒体损伤和促炎t细胞的潜力。结果sssw能有效改善葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）所致UC的结肠损伤，减轻氧化应激。从SSW中提取的Angelicin、corylifolinin、补骨脂素和rutaecarpine是SSW的主要成分，由于其结合能最低，可能与CYP2C9和CYP1A1相互作用。根据RNA-seq数据，SSW通过调节线粒体功能和T细胞反应相关基因来缓解UC。在SSW干预下，细胞相关靶点和T细胞相关促炎细胞因子下调，而mtDNA修复相关靶点上调。此外，caspase、炎性小体以及Th1和Th17极化相关基因分别与细胞色素C氧化酶（COX）、caspase和炎性小体相关基因呈正相关。综上所述，本研究不仅确定了SSW的主要生物活性成分及其可能的配体，还提供了当归素、石竹脂素、补骨脂素和芦果卡果素可能减轻氧化应激和线粒体损伤，进而调节Th1和th17相关的促炎细胞因子。
{"title":"Main active components of Sishen Wan may modulate T cells-related proinflammatory cytokines via alleviating mitochondrial damage caused by oxidative stress in dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis","authors":"Ke LI , Weiguang LV , Boning ZHANG , Shengnan HAN , Jing HAN , Yu ZHANG , Wei WANG , Weiyu ZANG , Anqi YANG , Hongjia WANG , Chenggang ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sishen Wan (SSW), a classical traditional Chinese medicine decoction, is described to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but the molecular mechanisms of the main active ingredients of SSW on the interaction between mitochondria and T cells are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the main active ingredients of SSW, predict and explore the possible regulatory mechanism of main active ingredients of SSW in modulating mitochondrial function and ameliorating mitochondrial damage, followed by regulating T cell balance during UC development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Colorimetric test and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the efficacy of SSW on inflammatory injuries of UC and preliminarily explore the mechanisms of SSW against oxidative stress. The main active components and their possible ligands were predicted by network pharmacology, molecular docking, dynamic simulation and three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR). RNA-seq analysis and western blot (WB) was conduct to discover the impact of SSW on genetic profile changes, and discover and predict the potentials of anti-mitochondrial damage and proinflammatory T-cells of the selected bioactive compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SSW effectively ameliorated the colonic injuries and alleviated the oxidative stress in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC. Angelicin, corylifolinin, psoralen and rutaecarpine, derived from SSW, were identified as the main components of SSW, and might interact with CYP2C9 and CYP1A1 due to the lowest binding energy. SSW alleviated UC via regulating genes related to mitochondrial function and T cell responses based on RNA-seq data. Cytc-related targets and T cell-associated proinflammatory cytokines were downregulated, while mtDNA repairing-related targets were upregulated with SSW intervention. Moreover, the caspase, inflammasome and Th1 and Th17 polarizing-related genes are positively correlated with cytochrome C oxidase (COX), caspase and inflammasome-associated genes, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Taken together, this study not only identifies the main bioactive ingredients of SSW and their possible ligands, but also provides angelicin, corylifolinin, psoralen and rutaecarpine may alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, followed by modulating Th1 and Th17-related proinflammatory cytokines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100561
Safwan Ashour
A new kinetic technique to quantify azithromycin in dosage forms and plasma was interesting through the reaction of azithromycin dihydrate (AZT) with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium. The formed stable product was followed by measuring the increased absorbance with time at 452 nm. Four kinetic procedures were applied for the determination of AZT, the initial rate and fixed time (at 20 min) methods are the most suitable for plotting the calibration graphs in the concentration ranges 1.50–30.00 and 1.50–33.00 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.023 and 0.018 μg/mL, respectively. The Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡, and ΔG‡ are evaluated for the reaction and found to be 8.177 kJ/mol, 5.742 kJ/mol, –198.34 J/K mole, and 64.846 kJ/mol, respectively. The suggested kinetic methods were applied to determine AZT in marketed formulations and spiked human plasma, and were found to be more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, and practicable than the reported BP method, by applying green and white tools; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, and RGB, making it a safer alternative to be considered.
{"title":"Eco-friendly new kinetic spectrophotometric method for analysis of azithromycin in dosage forms and spiked human plasma","authors":"Safwan Ashour","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new kinetic technique to quantify azithromycin in dosage forms and plasma was interesting through the reaction of azithromycin dihydrate (AZT) with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium. The formed stable product was followed by measuring the increased absorbance with time at 452 nm. Four kinetic procedures were applied for the determination of AZT, the initial rate and fixed time (at 20 min) methods are the most suitable for plotting the calibration graphs in the concentration ranges 1.50–30.00 and 1.50–33.00 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.023 and 0.018 μg/mL, respectively. The <em>E</em><sub>a</sub>, Δ<em>H</em><sup>‡</sup>, Δ<em>S</em><sup>‡</sup>, and Δ<em>G</em><sup>‡</sup> are evaluated for the reaction and found to be 8.177 kJ/mol, 5.742 kJ/mol, –198.34 J/K mole, and 64.846 kJ/mol, respectively. The suggested kinetic methods were applied to determine AZT in marketed formulations and spiked human plasma, and were found to be more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, and practicable than the reported BP method, by applying green and white tools; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, and RGB, making it a safer alternative to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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