Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine Luo Tong Formula attenuates retinal injury in experimental diabetic retinopathy via modulation of DNA methylation: In vivo experiment integrated with molecular docking, ADMET assessment, and molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Chongxiang XUE ,&nbsp;Sha DI ,&nbsp;Ying CHEN ,&nbsp;Tiange WANG ,&nbsp;Haoran WU ,&nbsp;Xinyi FANG ,&nbsp;Yaguang CHEN ,&nbsp;Min LI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in the adult population. Luo-Tong formula (LTF), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been frequently employed in the treatment of DR. However, the ability of LTF to prevent retinal injury and disease progression, as well as potential mechanisms, remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the effect of LTF in alleviating DR and uncover the potential hub targets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An experimental DR model was established to assess the effect of LTF and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Retinal thickness, morphological changes of retinal microvessels, as well as the numbers of endothelial cells and pericyte ghosts, were examined. Methylation status was evaluated with methylated DNA immunoprecipitation processing. Bioinformatic analysis of array results was used to screen hub genes. Interactions between potential targets and active compounds were assessed by molecular docking. ADMET analysis was used to evaluate drug-likeness characteristics and toxicity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MMGBSA calculation of binding free energies were conducted for the optimal core active compound-target complexes obtained by molecular docking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of LTF demonstrated improvements in glycolipid metabolic disorder and a significant reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in DR rats. Additionally, LTF exhibited protective properties against retinal injury. A quantitative analysis of DNA methylation indicated alterations in the composition and quantity of methylated genes following LTF intervention. Four important functional epigenetic modules and six hub genes (<em>Fgfr1, TOX3, Rps9, Rps15, Rpl7, Mrpl36</em>) were identified. Molecular docking identified ten compounds of LTF and 23 binding complexes with lower binding energy (&lt; 7 kcal/mol), while five compounds were excluded after ADMET analysis. Two complexes (Aloe-emodin-<em>TOX3</em>, Panaxatriol-<em>Fgfr1</em>) with the lowest binding energy were further chosen for MD simulation and both complexes have stable and satisfactory binding systems. Finally, MMGBSA calculation of binding free energies revealed that Panaxatriol-<em>Fgfr1</em> complex was identified as the drug-target candidate in the pharmacological treatment of DR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LTF has demonstrated efficacy for DR, and its mechanisms may be associated with the regulation of DNA methylation. Panaxatriol-<em>Fgfr1</em> complex was identified as the drug-target candidate. Epigenetic modifications following LTF intervention have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DR and offer potential therapeutic opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 10","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering gut microbiota alternation in central precocious puberty mice after Qingxiangyin treatment using 16S rRNA sequencing","authors":"Yiyuan CHEN,&nbsp;Jing LI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a familiar disease in preadolescent children. Gut microbes exert a vital role in CPP development. Qingxiangyin (QXY), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been employed to treat CPP for long time, but its effect on gut microbiota in CPP remains unclear. In the present study, the 16S rRNA sequencing was utilized to investigate gut microbiota in CPP mice after QXY treatment. Results showed that QXY obviously increased gut microbiota diversity and richness of CPP mice. The abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Odoribacter</em> was decreased, and <em>Ruminococcus, Bacteroides</em>, and <em>Prevotella</em> were increased in CPP mice, whereas QXY partly reversed this trend. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed that gut microbiota was chiefly engaged in amino acid metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism in CPP mice. In conclusion, QXY could adjust the structure and composition of gut microbiota in CPP mice. The results offered an evidence that QXY might affect CPP via regulating gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 11","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Auricularia auricula doped carbon-nitrogen quantum dots and their application in detecting heavy metal ions","authors":"Haizhi Wu ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper uses <em>Auricularia auricula</em> as the biological matrix material to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with blue fluorescence by one step hydrothermal method. The characterization results by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that CQDs are spherical in shape with an average particle size of 6 nm. The surface of CQDs contains hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, which have good water solubility. At the same time, CQDs have good fluorescence stability and excellent selectivity and anti-interference properties towards Fe³⁺. They exhibit good linearity in the range of 3–40 μmol/L, with a detection limit of 0.28 μmol/L. CQDs have been used as probes for the detection of Fe³⁺ content in tap water and mineral water, and satisfactory results have been obtained. Therefore, this probe has broad application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 10","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond chemistry: A multidimensional approach to assessing Cortex fraxini","authors":"Zhiruo JIA ,&nbsp;Yuanle SHEN ,&nbsp;Liping SU ,&nbsp;Peng WANG ,&nbsp;Junpeng YU ,&nbsp;Jiaxin WANG ,&nbsp;Lulu TAN ,&nbsp;Qiming PAN ,&nbsp;Hailing YANG ,&nbsp;Jianfang FENG ,&nbsp;Zhenjie LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional chemical analysis methods for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as <em>Cortex fraxini</em> (<em>C. fraxini</em>), often fail to comprehensively address spectrum–effect, dose–effect, and toxicity–effect relationships, limiting their ability to predict clinical efficacy and safety. To overcome this challenge, this study introduces the effect–constituent index (ECI), a novel metric integrating multidimensional chemical composition data and bioactivity-based weighting strategies for holistic quality assessment. Focusing on the antioxidant properties of <em>C. fraxini</em>, we established a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint profile to quantify four key bioactive components (esculin, fraxin, esculetin, and fraxetin) and evaluated their antioxidant capacities via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging assays. The ECI framework revealed significant variability in antioxidant potential across 38 batches, with batches S13, S16, and S11 exhibiting the highest DPPH- and ABTS-based ECI values, while S10, S35, and S14 consistently ranked lowest. Validation experiments confirmed a strong correlation between calculated ECI values and experimentally determined antioxidant activities, although certain batches (<em>e.g.</em>, S11, S13, S15, S16) demonstrated higher measured bioactivity than predicted. This study successfully bridges chemical composition with therapeutic efficacy by establishing concentration–effect relationships for active constituents, offering a robust and innovative tool for advancing quality control paradigms in herbal medicine. The ECI model provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the safety, efficacy, and standardization of TCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 11","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological mechanisms and pharmacokinetic analysis of anti-tumor components in Chinese herbal medicine","authors":"Jiayu ZOU ,&nbsp;Yunxin ZHU ,&nbsp;Ning YANG ,&nbsp;Delin XU ,&nbsp;Juanjuan ZHAO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumors continue to pose a significant threat to human health and quality of life, underscoring the need for more affordable, safer, and more effective treatment options. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has garnered significant attention from researchers and the pharmaceutical industry due to its advantages, including multi-target effects, mild adverse reactions, low cost, and abundant resources for tumor treatment. Moreover, the combination of CHM with chemotherapy agents holds promise for overcoming drug resistance and alleviating the adverse effects associated with conventional treatments. This review systematically examines the academic literature documenting the anti-tumor activity of CHM. It summarizes the key medicinal components exhibiting anti-tumor activity in these CHM, elucidates their pharmacological mechanisms and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and provides a critical evaluation of the current challenges and future research directions within this field. The findings may serve as a critical reference for identifying anti-tumor bioactive compounds within CHM and for developing novel anti-tumor agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 9","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermally tailored hematite nanorods for photo-fenton degradation of 4-nitrophenol: Influence of morphology on catalytic mechanism and environmental safety","authors":"Mashael D. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Dina Mostafa ,&nbsp;Nabila Shehata ,&nbsp;May N. Bin Jumah ,&nbsp;Nahaa M. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Hassan A. Rudayni ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Allam ,&nbsp;Mostafa R. Abukhadra","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematite rod nanoparticles were synthesized by alkaline hydrothermal modification of natural laterite for different durations (12, 24, 36, and 48 h). The impact of the modification duration on the morphology and physicochemical properties of the resulting modified varieties of hematite (H.12, H.25, H.36, and H.48) was assessed using different analytic techniques. The four derivatives were applied as potential catalysts during the decontamination of hazardous 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by photo-Fenton’s oxidation. The modified H.36 displayed the best geometry as nanorods, the highest surface area (154.7 m²/g), and the most effective catalytic performances. The incorporation of H.36 at a dose of 0.4 g/L resulted in complete oxidation for the investigated 4-nitrophenol contaminants within 80 min (5 mg/L), 120 min (10 mg/L), and 180 min (15 mg/L). The mineralization studies validated the successful transformation of 4-NP molecules (5 mg/L) into safe end products over H.36 within 160 min. The mineralization pathway ended by the formation of H₂O, CO₂, NO₂⁻, and NO₃⁻ after a series of oxidation reactions involved interaction with the release of hydroxyl radicals and generation of different intermediaries (<em>p</em>-benzoquinone, hydroquinone, 4-aminophenol, and acetic acid). The eco-toxicity studies for the treated solutions over different durations, considering both chronic (ChV &gt; 10) and acute toxicity (LC50 and EC50 &gt; 100), signify remarkable impact for the applied oxidation reactions using H.36 in reducing the toxicity of 4-NP and inducing the safety of the treated samples, especially after 160 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 10","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and bioactivity assessment, and thermodynamic analysis of metal ion complexes using a novel azo dye","authors":"Asseel AA. Al-naemi ,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani ,&nbsp;Susan Duraid Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fazle Rabbee ,&nbsp;Nokeun Park ,&nbsp;Wail Al Zoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the new azo dye,5,5-[1,2-phenylenebis(2,1-biazenediyl)] bis[8-quinolino], was used to synthesize complexes with Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions. The compounds were characterized using ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), diffevential scanning calovimltry (DSC), CHN analysis. Further, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and metal and chlorine content analysis using FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the ligand chelates as a bidentate (OH) phenol group and a bidentate (C<img>N) ring group. The ligand exhibited tetradentate behavior, forming tetrahedral complexes. Except for Co and Ni complexes,whichare octahedral, all of them are non-electrolytes. Air-stable complexes with distinct octahedral moieties were created in a 2:1 metal:ligand molar ratio. The effectiveness of both the compounds in inhibiting free radicals was evaluatedbased on their ability to act as antioxidants was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a free radical and gallic acid as a standard substance. The IC₅₀ value indicated that the ligand had higher free radical inhibition ability, and the ability to inhibit the compoundsvaried.The ligand and complexes with Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ were tested against <em>Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp, Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, and Trichoderma</em> at two concentrations, showing varying inhibitory effects on bacterial and fungal growth compared to the control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 10","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of simultaneous quantitative analytical method for emerging contaminants in animal-derived foods using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Bolin LIU ,&nbsp;Ziyue ZHAN ,&nbsp;Qi ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yu LIU ,&nbsp;Yanyu DAI ,&nbsp;Ji'an XIE ,&nbsp;Qianwen MENG ,&nbsp;Ziwei ZHAO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illegal and overuse of veterinary drugs, such as antibiotics, tranquilizers, and environmental pollution caused by the widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) products are two concerned topics. They have caused food safety issues and seriously threaten human health. It is urgent to increase the monitoring of residues in foods. Employing enhanced matrix removal lipid (EMR-Lipid) as solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a simple, rapid, highly accurate, quantitative method was developed for the determination of antibiotics, PFAS and drug in animal derived foods. The extraction solvent, cleanup method and other conditions that affect the accuracy and sensitivity of the method were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the analytes showed good linearity within their respective concentration ranges, with linear correlation coefficients (<em>R</em>²) ranging from 0.9911 to 0.9999. The method detection limits (S/<em>N</em> = 3) were 0.025 to 5.0 µg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.075 to 15.0 µg/kg. At concentration levels of 1, 2, and 10 times the limit of quantification, the average spiked recoveries of the 103 analytes in different matrices were 60.0 % to 119 %, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.042 % to 19.8 %. This developed method was successfully applied to analyze 103 emerging contaminants at trace levels in the real food sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 11","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical-based analysis of the toxicity reduction mechanism in haematitum processing","authors":"Min LU ,&nbsp;Cheng-Cheng WANG ,&nbsp;Juan LI ,&nbsp;Jing MING ,&nbsp;Guo-Hua ZHENG ,&nbsp;Bi-Sheng HUANG ,&nbsp;Yan CAO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Haematitum is a mineral medicine with a wide range of clinical uses and has been in use for &gt; 2000 years. It has a certain degree of toxicity, so it is usually processed by calcination and quenching methods to reduce its toxic side effects. It is important to clarify the processing mechanism for the further development of haematitum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Haematitum and processed haematitum (calcined and vinegar-quenched haematitum) were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, zeta potential analyzer, specific surface and porosity analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and advanced mineral identification and characterization system. Moreover, evaluation of haematitum toxicity and procoagulant capacity using a mice model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The specific surface area of haematitum decreased from 17.04 to 1.42 m²/g and the zeta potential increased from −24.00 to −16.60 mV after processing. Processed haematitum and its major constituents (except quartz) are all larger in particle size than haematitum. The toxic heavy metal elements arsenic and lead in haematitum were reduced by 16.67 % and 30.77 % after processing, respectively. Some of the arsenic (III) elements are oxidized to the much less toxic arsenic (V) elements after processing. The iron (II) elements in haematitum are also partially oxidized to iron (III) elements. High doses of haematitum were toxic to the lungs, liver, and colon of mice, and the toxicity of processed haematitum was significantly reduced. Both before and after haematitum processing had procoagulant effects, and there was no significant difference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The mineral material properties of haematitum are altered by processing, such as surface properties, mineral composition, elemental composition, and elemental valence. These findings provide evidence that processing reduces the toxicity of haematitum without affecting the efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 11","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly optical sensor for detecting bismuth(III) ions in environmental, pharmaceutical, and biological sources","authors":"Ahmed H. ALANAZI ,&nbsp;Amnah S AL-ZBEDY ,&nbsp;Refat EL-SAYED ,&nbsp;Khaled F. DEBBABI ,&nbsp;Alaa S. AMIN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly responsive bulk optical sensor (optode) has been introduced for the detection of bismuth [Bi(III)]. This optode integrates sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) and 2-(benzothiazolylazo)1,6-naphthalenediol (BTAND) into a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane, incorporating o-nitrophenyl-octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a plasticizer. The influence of several variables was optimized, including pH, the solvent mediator base matrix, and the reagent concentration. The comparison of results with previously reported methods indicates that the proposed approach, characterized by its speed and simplicity, offers a low detection limit (2.25 ng/mL) and a favorable linear range (7.5–220 ng/mL). The sensor exhibited stability, remaining unchanged even after being stored for at least one month. The sensor was successfully regenerated using a 0.25 M nitric acid (HNO₃) solution, and it responded in a reversible manner with an RSD of &lt; 2.15 % for six replicate measurements of 125 ng/mL of Bi(III) in different membranes. The capability to accurately and consistently monitor the quantity of Bi(III) ions in pharmaceutical and environmental samples with complex matrices is facilitated by the low detection limit and superior selectivity, despite the existence of interfering anions and cations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 11","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}