Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry最新文献

In this study, we have constructed a novel voltammetric sensor based on montmorillonite clay (MMT) incorporated with CeO₂ nanoparticles using a composite graphite paste electrode as a cross linker (MMT-CeO₂NPs/GPG-PE) for the trace determination of tadalafil (TAD) drug. The characterization of CeO₂ nanoparticles has been conducted using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the composite of CPG and MMT-CeO₂NPs/CPG was elucidated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The newly developed sensor (MMT-CeO₂NPs/CPG-PE) exhibited remarkable efficiency towards TAD oxidation using adsorptive stripping square-wave voltammetry (AdS-SWV) in Mcllvaine buffer solution (pH 8.0). A highly selective and sensitive method for TAD detection has been successfully applied based on MMT-CeO₂NPs/CPG-PE, showing two different linear concentration ranges of 0.005−0.1 and 0.1–9.9 µM. The LOD and LOQ were determined to be 1.97 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 6.57 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, respectively, with a sensitivity of 3916 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻². Interestingly, the sensing electrode exhibited excellent reproducibility, reusability, and stability even after 30 days. Moreover, the newly developed nano-sensor (MMT-CeO₂NPs/CPG-PE) has been effectively utilized for the accurate detection of TAD in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human blood serum and urine samples, demonstrating no interference from other substances.

Radionuclide therapy (RNT) stands out as a highly effective method for treating solid tumors. However, its therapeutic efficiency faces challenges due to the radioresistance of tumors, the limited penetration depth and intracellular deposition of rays in tumor tissue, which causes residue of living cancer cells. Herein, we report a novel approach by utilizing radionuclide ¹³¹I-labelled polydopamine encapsulated gold nanoparticle co-loaded with the classical anticancer drug gemcitabine within a hydrogel formed from oxidized glucan and chitosan hydrochloride, combining RNT with chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Au, as a high Z element, is able to interact with short-range β-rays to emit bremsstrahlung and secondary charged particles which in turn increase the dose deposited in tumor cells. Simultaneously, gemcitabine is able to affect cell cycle redistribution, resulting in an increase in the radiosensitive cellular component of the cycle, and gemcitabine also inhibits the repair of radioactive damage to cellular DNA, which has a radiosensitizing effect. In both in vivo and vitro experiments, the injectable hydrogel demonstrates excellent biosecurity, stability in radionuclide labeling, and capabilities for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Compared analysis with single RNT revealed that combination therapy markedly inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer. This integrated therapeutic strategy establishes an efficient tumor synergistic treatment platform, offering new avenues for advancing radionuclide therapy in the clinical treatment of cancer.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) infecting pigs, which has caused huge economic losses in countries around the world. Currently, there is no effective vaccine, and the prevention and control of ASF is mainly through rapid detection, so it is particularly important to carry identify and develop rapid detection methods for ASFV. In this study, recombinant plasmid PET-28a(+)-p30 was constructed, and the recombinant protein was obtained by inducing expression and Ni⁺ resin affinity column purification. Mice were immunized with recombinant p30 protein, and after three immunizations, ten strains of hybridoma cells that stably secreted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against p30 protein were obtained by cell fusion and subcloning. A colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) based on double antibody sandwich technology was established to screen the paired antibodies, and the trapping and detecting antibodies were mAb-11F11 and mAb-7A8, respectively, with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL, which laid an important material foundation for the early detection of ASF in the future.

Nowadays, people are highly conscious of the environment, leading to rapid growth and progress in research and innovation in eco-friendly natural fiber composites (NFCs), which are also cost-effective. The sustainable development of biodegradable NFCs obtained from renewable sources is paving the way for the replacement of synthetic fiber composites. Furthermore, researchers are focusing on enhancing the mechanical performance of NFCs for various applications. Some renewable sources, such as rice, wheat, and corn, have been used to produce polylactic acid-based NFCs. Due to their low greenhouse gas emissions and minimal energy consumption during production, NFCs are also suitable for 3D printing applications. However, they do have some drawbacks, and to overcome them, they are often blended with other NFCs. The purpose of this review article is to provide data on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites to assist new researchers. The central idea is that natural, biodegradable, and eco-friendly materials can replace plastics, enhancing their properties in terms of mechanical strength, thermal resistance, antimicrobial properties, water absorption, and degradability. The use of NFCs is flourishing in various fields. Every year, a substantial amount of agricultural waste with potential fibers is discarded. Some examples of waste products include fruit, including areca and tamarind. The reinforcement obtained from these materials is utilized in polymer composites for lightweight structures, the automotive industry, and domestic applications.

As an important medicinal plant, ginseng has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The magnitude of these pharmacological activities is closely related to ginseng quality, so to improve the pharmacological activities of ginseng, it is first necessary to improve its quality. In addition to ginseng variety, cultivation, origin, harvest time, and other factors, the impact of processing on ginseng quality is also crucial. This article reviews the different methods of ginseng processing and their impact on ginseng quality, and proposes some strategies to improve ginseng quality through processing methods, aiming to provide technological support for the high-quality development of the ginseng industry.

The increasing amount of pharmaceutical chemicals in wastewater is a concern for both public health and the environment. This research investigates the effectiveness of a new composite material made of alginate-activated carbon in removing caffeine and paracetamol from wastewater simultaneously. The composite material, produced using a simple technique, demonstrates excellent removal rates and exceptional adsorption properties for both medicinal chemicals. The structural stability and integrity of the composite are confirmed through comprehensive characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and BET surface area analysis. The study uses batch adsorption experiments to assess the impact of various factors, such as pH, initial concentration, and contact time, on the efficiency of caffeine and paracetamol removal. The highest values for the adsorption process were 89.63% for Paracetamol and 97.32% for Caffeine, achieved under optimal experimental conditions (pH 7, 0.1 g dose of adsorbent at elevated temperature). Additionally, Kinetic studies and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔS°, ΔGº, and ΔH° were calculated, indicating that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous for paracetamol, and exothermic and non-spontaneous for caffeine. Seven non-linear equilibrium isotherm models were utilized to fit the experimental data for paracetamol and caffeine at pH 7 showing maximum adsorption capacities ($q_{\max }$) of 606.80 and 725.05 mg/g for Paracetamol and Caffeine, respectively with a high regression coefficient (R²) of 0.99 using alginate-activated carbon as an adsorbent, The results demonstrate the potential of alginate-activated carbon as an effective adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of various pharmaceutical pollutants, highlighting the synergistic adsorption effects of the composite material. The study also examines the safety of the composite material, particularly in the context of potential medical applications. The study emphasizes the potential for sustainable and repeated use of the activated carbon/alginate composite, demonstrating that it maintains both its structural integrity and adsorption effectiveness after multiple cycles of use. This study evaluated the suitability of the suggested analytical method using BAGI, a metric with a unique formula. The BAGI is a complementary tool to GAPI, Complex GAPI, AGREE, AGREE prep, and ESA. A major focus is on the practical elements of white analytical chemistry centered around "blue”.

Guasha is a widely applied non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been proved to be effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms of Guasha therapy in the pathological processes including neuroinflammation in PD. After 3 Guasha courses, a reduction in α-synuclein aggregation and alleviation of microglia activation were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Furthermore, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the SNpc decreased, while plasma TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10 increased. Moreover, both TH protein and mRNA levels in the SNpc, as well as dopamine levels in the striatum, exhibited an increase. The proteomics analysis results based on plasma-derived exosomes revealed a total of 943 differentially expressed proteins identified. Compared to the model group, the Guasha group screened for 82 differential proteins, with 30 upregulated and 52 downregulated. The improvement of pathological changes in the PD model mice treated with Guasha primarily involves biological processes such as oxidative stress, immune response and inflammation, and cellular structure regulation. It involves signaling pathways related to aldosterone synthesis and secretion, adrenergic signaling in myocardial cells, COVID-19-related inflammatory signaling, and neurotrophic signaling. Collectively, the mechanisms of Guasha for treating PD might be closely related to inhibiting microglial cell activation-mediated neuroinflammation, regulating oxidative stress, cellular structure, aldosterone synthesis and secretion-mediated electrolyte balance, as well as noradrenergic signaling-mediated neuroprotection. These findings provided new insight for Guasha in treating PD and would potentially enhance therapeutic interventions.

Targeted delivery of proteins into desired cell groups is crucial for disease therapy and cellular functionalization. However, current delivery methods face severe side effects and off-target problems, making it difficult to achieve cell-targeted protein delivery. Herein, we developed a user-friendly membrane fusion liposome for cancer cell-targeted protein delivery. Phosphorothioated DNA-mediated membrane fusion was employed as an efficient transmembrane delivery approach. The phosphorothioated DNA was capped with the AS1411 aptamer, which specifically recognizes nucleolar proteins on the cancer cell membrane, enabling a controllable delivery of proteins into targeted cancer cells. This delivery system exhibited commendable biocompatibility and targeted delivery ability, thereby realizing highly effective cancer cell inhibition in vitro. The in vivo results further suggested that the membrane protein-responsive membrane fusion delivery system offers a new avenue for highly biocompatible and targeted protein delivery.

Highly selective, sensitive, and fast hydrogen sensing technology is becoming increasingly important in the processes of production, transportation, and usage of hydrogen energy. Field-effect transistor (FET) is the basic element of modern IC. When serving as a gas sensor, FET poses advantages of small size, high sensitivity, and low power consumption. This article reviews the latest developments in FET hydrogen sensors based on channel materials from traditional silicon, III-V compound semiconductors to novel channel materials carbon nanotubes, graphene, and two-dimensional black phosphorus. Firstly, the structure of FET sensors was investigated. Then the sensitive materials severing as gate were reviewed and efforts to improve the performance was summarized. Then, we discuss the sensitive materials that are currently available, with a focus on the interaction mechanisms between hydrogen and the sensitive materials. Lastly, methods to enhance sensor performance by modifying the physical and chemical properties of the sensitive materials are presented. Finally, the article provides an outlook on the future development of FET type hydrogen gas sensing.

Simultaneous and rapid detection of various mycotoxins in food holds significant practical importance in the field of food processing and safety. In this study, a fluorescent aptasensor based on functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) is developed for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁). The two aptamers specific to AFB₁ and AFM₁ are labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 respectively. Both the aptamers can be adsorbed onto the surface of FGO through π-π stacking, resulting in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorophore and FGO. The absence of target leads to quenching of fluorescence while presence of either aflatoxin causes interaction between corresponding aptamer and target, leading to release from FGO surface thereby turning on fluorescence signal. The limit of detection (LOD) for AFB₁ is determined as 8.7 pg/mL whereas for AFM₁ it is found to be 20.1 pg/mL, demonstrating fast and sensitive detection capability using this approach. Furthermore, the aptasensor exhibits good specificity and selectivity even under influence from other common interfering toxins. With its simplicity in operation and portability features, this sensor has potential applications for establishing sensitive and portable on-site detection methods for various mycotoxins.