Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520307
Jianing Lin, P. Suntharalingam, N. Schofield, A. Emadi
This paper presents designs of 50,000 rpm 6/4 switched reluctance motors (SRM's) with a focus of the comparative study on conventional and toroidal windings. There are four different machines compared in this paper, while the first is a conventional SRM, and the other three are toroidal winding machines. The first toroidal SRM (TSRM1) employs the conventional asymmetric convert and the same switching sequence as conventional SRM (CSRM). Therefore, an equivalent magnetic performance is observed. The second toroidal SRM (TSRM2) introduces a 12-switch converter topology. With a proper coil connection and switching sequence, all the coils are active and contribute to the flux and torque generation at the same time. The analysis shows that for the same amount of copper losses, TSRM2 yields a 50% higher output torque and power at rated speed than CSRM, while TSRM1 only generates half the torque of CSRM. The third toroidal SRM is a resized TSRM2, which is presented with the same envelope dimension of CSRM (same volumetric comparison). The comparison shows it's competitive to CSRM, especially as toroidal-winding can achieve higher filling factor during the manufacture process of winding.
{"title":"Comparison of high-speed switched reluctance machines with conventional and toroidal windings","authors":"Jianing Lin, P. Suntharalingam, N. Schofield, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents designs of 50,000 rpm 6/4 switched reluctance motors (SRM's) with a focus of the comparative study on conventional and toroidal windings. There are four different machines compared in this paper, while the first is a conventional SRM, and the other three are toroidal winding machines. The first toroidal SRM (TSRM1) employs the conventional asymmetric convert and the same switching sequence as conventional SRM (CSRM). Therefore, an equivalent magnetic performance is observed. The second toroidal SRM (TSRM2) introduces a 12-switch converter topology. With a proper coil connection and switching sequence, all the coils are active and contribute to the flux and torque generation at the same time. The analysis shows that for the same amount of copper losses, TSRM2 yields a 50% higher output torque and power at rated speed than CSRM, while TSRM1 only generates half the torque of CSRM. The third toroidal SRM is a resized TSRM2, which is presented with the same envelope dimension of CSRM (same volumetric comparison). The comparison shows it's competitive to CSRM, especially as toroidal-winding can achieve higher filling factor during the manufacture process of winding.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"134 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134162062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520196
Shiliang Wang, Zhuo Yang, Lei Gu
In this paper, a detailed core loss analysis for an 8/6 switched reluctance motor is conducted. A 2D Finite element model of the switched reluctance motor in Maxwell coupled with electrical circuit in ANSYS Simplorer is built for the core losses analysis. The flux density waveform and core loss associated with various stator and rotor areas are analyzed under hysteresis current control and single pulse mode operations. The turn-on and dwelling angle effects on the core loss are presented and discussed in these two operation conditions. In addition,harmonic analysis of flux density for various stator yoke areas are conducted to understand dewlling angle impact on core loss and optimal controlled parameters for minimum core loss is also discussed.
{"title":"Core loss analysis for switched reluctance motor under hysterisis current control and single pulse modes","authors":"Shiliang Wang, Zhuo Yang, Lei Gu","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520196","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a detailed core loss analysis for an 8/6 switched reluctance motor is conducted. A 2D Finite element model of the switched reluctance motor in Maxwell coupled with electrical circuit in ANSYS Simplorer is built for the core losses analysis. The flux density waveform and core loss associated with various stator and rotor areas are analyzed under hysteresis current control and single pulse mode operations. The turn-on and dwelling angle effects on the core loss are presented and discussed in these two operation conditions. In addition,harmonic analysis of flux density for various stator yoke areas are conducted to understand dewlling angle impact on core loss and optimal controlled parameters for minimum core loss is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134453758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520260
Lorenz Ammon, B. Huber, Florian Hubler, Rüdiger Berndt, Sebastian Schellenberg, Vitali Schneider
More and more car manufactures are combining a normal combustion engine and an electric motor to satisfy the standards for CO2 emissions. In order to take advantage of this technology in the most efficient way, for example in companies car fleets, realistic simulation models are required. In this paper, we present an accurate yet computationally inexpensive energy demand model for the microscopic simulation of plug-in hybrid vehicles. Our model mostly consists of a combustion engine, an electric motor and, most importantly, a realistic engine management model. Furthermore, a pragmatic kinematic model as well as a model for recuperation of energy while breaking are provided. Modularly designed, our simulation model allows for simple replacement and adjustment of each module. As input values, our model only requires the vehicle's speed and a set of constant predefined parameters. Consequently, this also enables the model to be easily connected with current sophisticated traffic simulators. We show the correctness of our model regarding the consumption of fuel and electric energy using comprehensive real-world experiments.
{"title":"An energy demand model for the microscopic simulation of plug-in hybrid vehicles","authors":"Lorenz Ammon, B. Huber, Florian Hubler, Rüdiger Berndt, Sebastian Schellenberg, Vitali Schneider","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520260","url":null,"abstract":"More and more car manufactures are combining a normal combustion engine and an electric motor to satisfy the standards for CO2 emissions. In order to take advantage of this technology in the most efficient way, for example in companies car fleets, realistic simulation models are required. In this paper, we present an accurate yet computationally inexpensive energy demand model for the microscopic simulation of plug-in hybrid vehicles. Our model mostly consists of a combustion engine, an electric motor and, most importantly, a realistic engine management model. Furthermore, a pragmatic kinematic model as well as a model for recuperation of energy while breaking are provided. Modularly designed, our simulation model allows for simple replacement and adjustment of each module. As input values, our model only requires the vehicle's speed and a set of constant predefined parameters. Consequently, this also enables the model to be easily connected with current sophisticated traffic simulators. We show the correctness of our model regarding the consumption of fuel and electric energy using comprehensive real-world experiments.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134140059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520218
Wenwei Wang, Jian-Chun Fan, R. Xiong, Fengchun Sun
One of the significant challenges in articulated vehicles is the stability control. In this paper, a new kind of electric articulated vehicle is introduced and its four wheels independently drive method is analyzed. The proposed method is based on the distributed drive, which is relatively common on electric automobiles nowadays. First, the equations of a single track analytical linear model are formulated to get a deep insight of the dynamic yaw performance. Then, several control methods are applied to this linear model to compare their effect on stability. The results of the simulation reveal that the proposed method has an excellent effect on the vehicle stability control.
{"title":"Lateral stability control of four wheels independently drive articulated electric vehicle","authors":"Wenwei Wang, Jian-Chun Fan, R. Xiong, Fengchun Sun","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520218","url":null,"abstract":"One of the significant challenges in articulated vehicles is the stability control. In this paper, a new kind of electric articulated vehicle is introduced and its four wheels independently drive method is analyzed. The proposed method is based on the distributed drive, which is relatively common on electric automobiles nowadays. First, the equations of a single track analytical linear model are formulated to get a deep insight of the dynamic yaw performance. Then, several control methods are applied to this linear model to compare their effect on stability. The results of the simulation reveal that the proposed method has an excellent effect on the vehicle stability control.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133617545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520265
K. Doubleday, A. Meintz, T. Markel
System right-sizing is critical to implementation of in-motion wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles. This study introduces a modeling tool, WPTSim, which uses one-second speed, location, and road grade data from an on-demand employee shuttle in operation to simulate the incorporation of WPT at fine granularity. Vehicle power and state of charge are simulated over the drive cycle to evaluate potential system designs. The required battery capacity is determined based on the rated power at a variable number of charging locations. Adding just one WPT location can more than halve the battery capacity needed. Many configurations are capable of being self sustaining with WPT, while others benefit from supplemental stationary charging.
{"title":"An opportunistic wireless charging system design for an on-demand shuttle service","authors":"K. Doubleday, A. Meintz, T. Markel","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520265","url":null,"abstract":"System right-sizing is critical to implementation of in-motion wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles. This study introduces a modeling tool, WPTSim, which uses one-second speed, location, and road grade data from an on-demand employee shuttle in operation to simulate the incorporation of WPT at fine granularity. Vehicle power and state of charge are simulated over the drive cycle to evaluate potential system designs. The required battery capacity is determined based on the rated power at a variable number of charging locations. Adding just one WPT location can more than halve the battery capacity needed. Many configurations are capable of being self sustaining with WPT, while others benefit from supplemental stationary charging.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132340889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520194
Quirin Kellner, W. Dhammika Widanage, J. Marco
International standards and guidelines regarding characterisation and cycle life testing of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) currently do not take into account high-performance driving. Using simulation software, track driving in a high-performance vehicle is simulated, and speed-time profiles are recorded. These as well as established driving cycles are used in conjunction with an EV model to determine power profiles at battery terminals. The difference in the resulting power profiles suggest that the evaluation of batteries for the HP segment requires separate characterisation and cycle life tests.
{"title":"Battery power requirements in high-performance electric vehicles","authors":"Quirin Kellner, W. Dhammika Widanage, J. Marco","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520194","url":null,"abstract":"International standards and guidelines regarding characterisation and cycle life testing of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) currently do not take into account high-performance driving. Using simulation software, track driving in a high-performance vehicle is simulated, and speed-time profiles are recorded. These as well as established driving cycles are used in conjunction with an EV model to determine power profiles at battery terminals. The difference in the resulting power profiles suggest that the evaluation of batteries for the HP segment requires separate characterisation and cycle life tests.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114853797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520288
Nasibeh Zohrabi, Jian Shi, S. Abdelwahed
It is necessary to consider different design specifications and requirements for the design of Shipboard Power System (SPS) to enhance the overall system performance under various operating conditions. This paper provides a detailed list of important design criteria and performance specifications to accommodate the transient analysis for Medium-Voltage DC (MVDC) Shipboard Power Systems. It also presents the required constraints and operating regions in order to ensure the normal and safe operation of the SPS. The proposed design specifications and criteria formulations aim to provide a guideline for the SPS community from industry, academia and Navy and facilitate various aspects of design and development of the MVDC SPS applications.
{"title":"Ship-wide transient specifications and criteria for Medium-Voltage DC Shipboard Power System","authors":"Nasibeh Zohrabi, Jian Shi, S. Abdelwahed","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520288","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to consider different design specifications and requirements for the design of Shipboard Power System (SPS) to enhance the overall system performance under various operating conditions. This paper provides a detailed list of important design criteria and performance specifications to accommodate the transient analysis for Medium-Voltage DC (MVDC) Shipboard Power Systems. It also presents the required constraints and operating regions in order to ensure the normal and safe operation of the SPS. The proposed design specifications and criteria formulations aim to provide a guideline for the SPS community from industry, academia and Navy and facilitate various aspects of design and development of the MVDC SPS applications.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520294
F. da Costa Lopes, S. Kelouwani, L. Boulon, K. Agbossou, Neigel Marx, K. Ettihir
This work proposes applying a modeling methodology based on recurrent neural networks to a multi-stack fuel cell system composed of four Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stacks. Even if the stacks have the same rated power and are from the same manufacturer, very often they present different performances (voltage response, efficiency and power curves). In this way, a model able to predict the behavior of each stack is necessary to guarantee an optimized operation of the whole system. Hence, the aforementioned methodology is used to obtain a prediction model for each stack aiming at their final application in a predictive control system. The models are also able to predict the power availability of the multi-stack system, being useful to be employed in the prognostics of the performance of the system in a vehicular application.
{"title":"Neural network modeling strategy applied to a multi-stack PEM fuel cell system","authors":"F. da Costa Lopes, S. Kelouwani, L. Boulon, K. Agbossou, Neigel Marx, K. Ettihir","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520294","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes applying a modeling methodology based on recurrent neural networks to a multi-stack fuel cell system composed of four Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stacks. Even if the stacks have the same rated power and are from the same manufacturer, very often they present different performances (voltage response, efficiency and power curves). In this way, a model able to predict the behavior of each stack is necessary to guarantee an optimized operation of the whole system. Hence, the aforementioned methodology is used to obtain a prediction model for each stack aiming at their final application in a predictive control system. The models are also able to predict the power availability of the multi-stack system, being useful to be employed in the prognostics of the performance of the system in a vehicular application.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"372 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520266
Carlos A. Reusser
Modern ship propulsion systems are looking towards to high efficiency electric drive systems. This work presents a new inverter configuration for multiphase AC drives for its application in Full-Electric Ship (FEP) propulsion. Simulation results based on real hull dynamic data where carried out different load impacts and speed reversion in normal and stator winding faulty conditions.
{"title":"Full-electric ship propulsion, based on a dual nine-switch inverter topology for dual three-phase induction motor drive","authors":"Carlos A. Reusser","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520266","url":null,"abstract":"Modern ship propulsion systems are looking towards to high efficiency electric drive systems. This work presents a new inverter configuration for multiphase AC drives for its application in Full-Electric Ship (FEP) propulsion. Simulation results based on real hull dynamic data where carried out different load impacts and speed reversion in normal and stator winding faulty conditions.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520296
Daming Zhou, Fei Gao, E. Breaz, A. Ravey, A. Miraoui
In this paper, a multiphysical multidimensional proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is presented. The model covers fluidic domain with 2-dimensional modeling. Firstly, the meshes of fluid channels are presented by fully considering the flow field form. Then, the gas pressure drop due to sharp and curved U-bends (channel angles) are developed considering three losses factors: straight pipeline, the bend elongated section and excess losses coefficients. The proposed model simulation results are then compared with a Ballard 1.2 kW NEXA fuel cell system, and show a good agreement between the simulation and experimentation. In addition, the proposed multidimensional model also provides the reactant pressure 2D distribution in both cathode and anode sides.
{"title":"Development of a multiphysical multidimensional modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"Daming Zhou, Fei Gao, E. Breaz, A. Ravey, A. Miraoui","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520296","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a multiphysical multidimensional proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is presented. The model covers fluidic domain with 2-dimensional modeling. Firstly, the meshes of fluid channels are presented by fully considering the flow field form. Then, the gas pressure drop due to sharp and curved U-bends (channel angles) are developed considering three losses factors: straight pipeline, the bend elongated section and excess losses coefficients. The proposed model simulation results are then compared with a Ballard 1.2 kW NEXA fuel cell system, and show a good agreement between the simulation and experimentation. In addition, the proposed multidimensional model also provides the reactant pressure 2D distribution in both cathode and anode sides.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125327087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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