This research reinvents the traditional timeline as a dynamic, three-dimensional framework for the interactive presentation of historical information. An experimental visualization of the history of photography uses visual techniques such as infinite zoom, translucency, and animation to present a database of over 200 annotated photographs from the collection of the George Eastman House. Dynamic, interactive design solutions address the communicative goals of allowing seamless micro and macro readings of information at several levels of detail and from multiple points of view.
{"title":"Dynamic timelines: visualizing the history of photography","authors":"Robin L. Kullberg","doi":"10.1145/257089.257388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257388","url":null,"abstract":"This research reinvents the traditional timeline as a dynamic, three-dimensional framework for the interactive presentation of historical information. An experimental visualization of the history of photography uses visual techniques such as infinite zoom, translucency, and animation to present a database of over 200 annotated photographs from the collection of the George Eastman House. Dynamic, interactive design solutions address the communicative goals of allowing seamless micro and macro readings of information at several levels of detail and from multiple points of view.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121275013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mathan, Arnold G. Hyndman, K. Fischer, Jeremiah Blatz, D. Brams
Time delayed teleoperation exacts a high toll on human cognitive resources. High error rates and poor performance times are typical consequences of operating a vehicle under such conditions. This paper describes the usability effects of simple enhancements to the interface for a teleoperated lunar vehicle. Experimental results suggest that simple interface elements such as a predictive display, steering wheel, and vehicle body representation can dramatically reduce errors and task performance times during time delayed teleoperation by inexperienced lunar vehicle operators.
{"title":"Efficacy of a predictive display, steering device, and vehicle body representation in the operation of a lunar vehicle","authors":"S. Mathan, Arnold G. Hyndman, K. Fischer, Jeremiah Blatz, D. Brams","doi":"10.1145/257089.257147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257147","url":null,"abstract":"Time delayed teleoperation exacts a high toll on human cognitive resources. High error rates and poor performance times are typical consequences of operating a vehicle under such conditions. This paper describes the usability effects of simple enhancements to the interface for a teleoperated lunar vehicle. Experimental results suggest that simple interface elements such as a predictive display, steering wheel, and vehicle body representation can dramatically reduce errors and task performance times during time delayed teleoperation by inexperienced lunar vehicle operators.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127859809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World-Wide Web has achieved global connectivity stimulating the transition of computers from knowledge processors to knowledge sources, but the Web and its client software are seriously deficient for supporting user interactive use of this information. In particular, there is no support for the concept of a user workspace. This video presents the Web Forager and the WebBook, an information workspace that enables rapid interaction with materials gleaned from the Web.
{"title":"The WebBook and the Web Forager: video use scenarios for a World-Wide Web information workspace","authors":"S. Card, G. Robertson, W. York","doi":"10.1145/257089.257407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257407","url":null,"abstract":"The World-Wide Web has achieved global connectivity stimulating the transition of computers from knowledge processors to knowledge sources, but the Web and its client software are seriously deficient for supporting user interactive use of this information. In particular, there is no support for the concept of a user workspace. This video presents the Web Forager and the WebBook, an information workspace that enables rapid interaction with materials gleaned from the Web.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127885716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My doctoral research is concerned with the formal modelling of task interruptions. Although interruptions are significant events in human activities, current models and notations do not support their expression appropriately. My contribution to this problem is twofold: the ISAU model which makes explicit the general structure of an intermptiow and a UAN-based formal notation that would force designers to consider the right questions when developing a system. ISAU will be assessedusing a real-world exemplar: the Data-Link system that supports communications between pilots fmm diiTerent airmaft’s and air tmftlc eontmllem
{"title":"Formal modelling of task interruptions","authors":"F. Jambon","doi":"10.1145/257089.257128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257128","url":null,"abstract":"My doctoral research is concerned with the formal modelling of task interruptions. Although interruptions are significant events in human activities, current models and notations do not support their expression appropriately. My contribution to this problem is twofold: the ISAU model which makes explicit the general structure of an intermptiow and a UAN-based formal notation that would force designers to consider the right questions when developing a system. ISAU will be assessedusing a real-world exemplar: the Data-Link system that supports communications between pilots fmm diiTerent airmaft’s and air tmftlc eontmllem","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127913834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Participants in a real-time groupware conference require a sense of awareness about other people’s interactions within a large shared workspace. Fisheye views can afford this awareness by assigning a focal point to each participant. The fisheye effect around these multiple focal points provides peripheral awareness by showing people’s location in the global context, and by magnifying the area around their work to highlight interaction details. An adjustable magnification function lets people customize the awareness information to fit their collaboration needs. A fisheye text editor illustrates how this can be accomplished.
{"title":"A fisheye text editor for relaxed-WYSIWIS groupware","authors":"S. Greenberg","doi":"10.1145/257089.257285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257285","url":null,"abstract":"Participants in a real-time groupware conference require a sense of awareness about other people’s interactions within a large shared workspace. Fisheye views can afford this awareness by assigning a focal point to each participant. The fisheye effect around these multiple focal points provides peripheral awareness by showing people’s location in the global context, and by magnifying the area around their work to highlight interaction details. An adjustable magnification function lets people customize the awareness information to fit their collaboration needs. A fisheye text editor illustrates how this can be accomplished.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This tutorial addresses the structural issues that emerge in the context of designing and developing a range of interactive multimedia applications, from those with basic navigational structures, such as branching and elaboration, to those with complex discourse structures, such as interactive narratives and interactive essays. Topics include basic interactive structures; complex interactive discourse structures; and the kinds of global representations of content, or conceptual macrostructures [1], that are appropriate for various kinds of content and applications. Concepts are illustrated with examples from the World Wide Web, commercial products, and research prototypes.
{"title":"Structural issues in multimedia design","authors":"Linn Marks Collins","doi":"10.1145/257089.257385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257385","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial addresses the structural issues that emerge in the context of designing and developing a range of interactive multimedia applications, from those with basic navigational structures, such as branching and elaboration, to those with complex discourse structures, such as interactive narratives and interactive essays. Topics include basic interactive structures; complex interactive discourse structures; and the kinds of global representations of content, or conceptual macrostructures [1], that are appropriate for various kinds of content and applications. Concepts are illustrated with examples from the World Wide Web, commercial products, and research prototypes.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129120074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Producing high-quality, comprehensible human interfaces is a difficult, labor-intensive process that requires experience and judgment. In this paper, we describe an approach to assisting this process by using explicit models of the user’s task to drive the interface design and to serve as a functional component of the interface itself. The task model helps to ensure that the resulting interface directly and transpru-ently supports the user in performing his task, and serves as a scaffolding for providing in-context help and advice. By crafting a library of standardized, reusable tasks and interface constructs, we believe it is possible to capture some of the design expertise and to amortize much of the labor required for building effective user interfaces.
{"title":"An interface design tool based on explicit task models","authors":"T. Hinrichs, R. Bareiss, L. Birnbaum, G. Collins","doi":"10.1145/257089.257316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257316","url":null,"abstract":"Producing high-quality, comprehensible human interfaces is a difficult, labor-intensive process that requires experience and judgment. In this paper, we describe an approach to assisting this process by using explicit models of the user’s task to drive the interface design and to serve as a functional component of the interface itself. The task model helps to ensure that the resulting interface directly and transpru-ently supports the user in performing his task, and serves as a scaffolding for providing in-context help and advice. By crafting a library of standardized, reusable tasks and interface constructs, we believe it is possible to capture some of the design expertise and to amortize much of the labor required for building effective user interfaces.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116684453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short paper presents the Group Elicitation Method (GEM), a brainwriting technique augmented by a decision support system for participatory design and usability testing. GEM has been successfully used in four industrial projects to elicit knowledge from users, management and designers. In particular, in three of them it was used to elicit end-users' knowledge for the design of new user interfaces. This short paper discusses the properties of such a method and the lessons learned.
{"title":"The group elicitation method for participatory design and usability testing","authors":"G. Boy","doi":"10.1145/245129.245132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/245129.245132","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper presents the Group Elicitation Method (GEM), a brainwriting technique augmented by a decision support system for participatory design and usability testing. GEM has been successfully used in four industrial projects to elicit knowledge from users, management and designers. In particular, in three of them it was used to elicit end-users' knowledge for the design of new user interfaces. This short paper discusses the properties of such a method and the lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131563408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simple intuitive manipulation of three-dimensional objects is needed for the conceptualizing phase of design. Present CAD systems do not allow for the quick and interactive generation and development of objects, which are based more on free-form ideas than on hard numerical input. This video presents a prototype envisiomnent that uses intuitive 3D sketch input with two hands.
{"title":"TIME: three-dimensional input, modification and evaluation","authors":"M. Gribnau, Gert Pasman","doi":"10.1145/257089.257903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257903","url":null,"abstract":"Simple intuitive manipulation of three-dimensional objects is needed for the conceptualizing phase of design. Present CAD systems do not allow for the quick and interactive generation and development of objects, which are based more on free-form ideas than on hard numerical input. This video presents a prototype envisiomnent that uses intuitive 3D sketch input with two hands.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"25 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128543870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study measured the time experienced Macintosh users took to create a graph from pre-existing daa including the assignment of vtiables to axes in a dialog box. The study revealed that the task took less time when the items in the dialog box were labeled in terms of one problem representation, even when the instructions were written in terms of another. The Kitajima and Poison model explains this as resulting from the problem representation being elaborated with task-speeific schemata during the instruction comprehension process.
{"title":"Task elaboration or label following: an empirical study of representation in human-computer interaction","authors":"R. B. Terwilliger, P. Polson","doi":"10.1145/257089.257280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257280","url":null,"abstract":"A study measured the time experienced Macintosh users took to create a graph from pre-existing daa including the assignment of vtiables to axes in a dialog box. The study revealed that the task took less time when the items in the dialog box were labeled in terms of one problem representation, even when the instructions were written in terms of another. The Kitajima and Poison model explains this as resulting from the problem representation being elaborated with task-speeific schemata during the instruction comprehension process.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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