ABSTR4CT The promises of emerging technologies, strong financial pressures, and infrastructure demands have created a growing need for technology expertise in local schools, governments and community organizations. It follows that there has never been a better time for technical professionals to help. Assistance can be offered in areas of technology planning, training, system management and support of fnndraising activities. An illustrative example of a community-based technology foundation will be described.
{"title":"Community volunteers—getting involved locally","authors":"D. Millen, Patricia A. Young, P. F. Sennewald","doi":"10.1145/257089.257206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTR4CT The promises of emerging technologies, strong financial pressures, and infrastructure demands have created a growing need for technology expertise in local schools, governments and community organizations. It follows that there has never been a better time for technical professionals to help. Assistance can be offered in areas of technology planning, training, system management and support of fnndraising activities. An illustrative example of a community-based technology foundation will be described.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115539937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes “temporal typography” as an area of study which incorporates the dynamic visual treatment of text as an extension of written language. Design examples presented in the video show the expressive power of timevarying typographic form to convey emotion and tones of voice. Several expressive examples are called out in this paper and discussed. As a part of our ongoing research, we have developed a scheme which allows for the description of typographic expressions that change dynamically over time. The examples were constructed using a software tool, exPress, along with a scripting language based on the scheme.
{"title":"Temporal typography: a proposal to enrich written expression","authors":"Y. Wong","doi":"10.1145/257089.257401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257401","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes “temporal typography” as an area of study which incorporates the dynamic visual treatment of text as an extension of written language. Design examples presented in the video show the expressive power of timevarying typographic form to convey emotion and tones of voice. Several expressive examples are called out in this paper and discussed. As a part of our ongoing research, we have developed a scheme which allows for the description of typographic expressions that change dynamically over time. The examples were constructed using a software tool, exPress, along with a scripting language based on the scheme.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123177794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of a user environment for a video-on-demand service through an interdisciplinary style of collaboration called “concurrent engineering” is described. The process encompasses pre-prototype behavioral studies, traditional user studies, graphical design of interface objects, industrial design of input devices and interaction design of interface dialogue.
{"title":"Concurrent engineering for an interactive TV interface","authors":"I. Bretan, P. Kroon","doi":"10.1145/257089.257194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257194","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a user environment for a video-on-demand service through an interdisciplinary style of collaboration called “concurrent engineering” is described. The process encompasses pre-prototype behavioral studies, traditional user studies, graphical design of interface objects, industrial design of input devices and interaction design of interface dialogue.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our MultiMedia Visual Information Seeking (MMVIS) environment is designed to support an exploratory approach to video analysis. Specialized subset, temporal, spatial, and motion dynamic query filters are tightly coupled with dynamic, user-customizable relationship visualizations to aid users in the discovery of data trends. Users can select two subsets (e.g., a subset of person PI talking events) and then browse various relationships between them (e.g., browsing for temporal relationships such as whether events of type A frequently start at the same time as events of type B), The visualization highlights the frequencies of both the subsets and the relationships between them. This allows users to discover various relationships and trends without having to explicitly pre-code them. In this demonstration, we will focus on temporal analysis aspects of the system, presenting our temporal visual query language, temporal visualization, and an application to real CSCW data.
{"title":"MMVIS: a multimedia visual information seeking environment for video analysis","authors":"S. Hibino, Elke A. Rundensteiner","doi":"10.1145/257089.257099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257099","url":null,"abstract":"Our MultiMedia Visual Information Seeking (MMVIS) environment is designed to support an exploratory approach to video analysis. Specialized subset, temporal, spatial, and motion dynamic query filters are tightly coupled with dynamic, user-customizable relationship visualizations to aid users in the discovery of data trends. Users can select two subsets (e.g., a subset of person PI talking events) and then browse various relationships between them (e.g., browsing for temporal relationships such as whether events of type A frequently start at the same time as events of type B), The visualization highlights the frequencies of both the subsets and the relationships between them. This allows users to discover various relationships and trends without having to explicitly pre-code them. In this demonstration, we will focus on temporal analysis aspects of the system, presenting our temporal visual query language, temporal visualization, and an application to real CSCW data.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124215037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of view (FOV) in most head-mounted displays (HMDs) is no more than 60 degrees wide—far narrower than our normal FOV of about 200° wide. This mismatch arises mostly from the difficulty and expense of building wide-FOV HMDs. Restricting a person's FOV, however, has been shown in real environments to affect people's behavior and degrade task performance. Previous work in virtual reality too has shown that restricting FOV to 50° or less in an HMD can degrade performance. I conducted experiments with a custom, wide-FOV HMD and found that performance is degraded even at the relatively high FOV of 112°, and further at 48°. The experiments used a prototype tiled wide-FOV HMD to measure performance in VR at up to 176° total horizontal FOV, and a custom large-area tracking system to establish new findings on performance while walking about a large virtual environment. FOV was significant in predicting performance of two tasks: searching for and locating a target by turning one's head, and walking through a simple maze-like environment while avoiding walls. Wide FOV (112° or greater) was especially important for the walking task; for it, performance at 112° was 23% less than at 176°. At 48°, performance was 31% less than at 176°. For the search task, performance at 112° was 12% less than at 176°. At 48°, performance was 24% less than at 176°. Additional analyses of the data show trends that suggest future investigation. Restricting FOV appears to decrease the user's sense of presence, as measured by a questionnaire. VR sickness, also measured by questionnaire, increased with successive exposures to our system within an hour-long session, but stayed at relatively low levels. FOV appears to alter the occurrence of some sickness symptoms, but the data are inconclusive on whether FOV predicts total sickness. I performed additional measures and analyses, including tests of postural instability, distance memory, spatial memory, head-movement behavior, and comparisons with other HMDs and with real-world performance.
{"title":"Effects of field of view on task performance with head-mounted displays","authors":"K. Arthur","doi":"10.1145/257089.257116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257116","url":null,"abstract":"The field of view (FOV) in most head-mounted displays (HMDs) is no more than 60 degrees wide—far narrower than our normal FOV of about 200° wide. This mismatch arises mostly from the difficulty and expense of building wide-FOV HMDs. Restricting a person's FOV, however, has been shown in real environments to affect people's behavior and degrade task performance. Previous work in virtual reality too has shown that restricting FOV to 50° or less in an HMD can degrade performance. \u0000I conducted experiments with a custom, wide-FOV HMD and found that performance is degraded even at the relatively high FOV of 112°, and further at 48°. The experiments used a prototype tiled wide-FOV HMD to measure performance in VR at up to 176° total horizontal FOV, and a custom large-area tracking system to establish new findings on performance while walking about a large virtual environment. \u0000FOV was significant in predicting performance of two tasks: searching for and locating a target by turning one's head, and walking through a simple maze-like environment while avoiding walls. Wide FOV (112° or greater) was especially important for the walking task; for it, performance at 112° was 23% less than at 176°. At 48°, performance was 31% less than at 176°. For the search task, performance at 112° was 12% less than at 176°. At 48°, performance was 24% less than at 176°. \u0000Additional analyses of the data show trends that suggest future investigation. Restricting FOV appears to decrease the user's sense of presence, as measured by a questionnaire. VR sickness, also measured by questionnaire, increased with successive exposures to our system within an hour-long session, but stayed at relatively low levels. FOV appears to alter the occurrence of some sickness symptoms, but the data are inconclusive on whether FOV predicts total sickness. I performed additional measures and analyses, including tests of postural instability, distance memory, spatial memory, head-movement behavior, and comparisons with other HMDs and with real-world performance.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124279075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NEIMO is a generic and flexible multiworkstation usability lab that supports the observation and analysis of multimodal interaction as well as Wizard of Oz experiments. It captures behavioral data at multiple levels of abstraction from keystroke to high level tasks. In the near future, it will be used to study the relevance of multimodality for telecommunication tasks.
{"title":"NEIMO, a multiworkstation usability lab for observing and analyzing multimodal interaction","authors":"J. Coutaz, D. Salber, Eric Carraux, N. Portolan","doi":"10.1145/257089.257904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257904","url":null,"abstract":"NEIMO is a generic and flexible multiworkstation usability lab that supports the observation and analysis of multimodal interaction as well as Wizard of Oz experiments. It captures behavioral data at multiple levels of abstraction from keystroke to high level tasks. In the near future, it will be used to study the relevance of multimodality for telecommunication tasks.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"13 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126243571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To measure the productivity gained from computer-based authoring systems, account must be taken of changes in the way the work is organised. An analysis of economists' authoring work, based on diary studies, suggests that much of this is performed at the last minute, just in time to meet deadlines. Benefits gained from word processing appear to be offset by authors' tendency to tinker with documents up to the last minute.
{"title":"Modelling last-minute authoring: does technology add value or encourage tinkering?","authors":"W. Newman, Margery Eldridge, Richard Harper","doi":"10.1145/257089.257291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257291","url":null,"abstract":"To measure the productivity gained from computer-based authoring systems, account must be taken of changes in the way the work is organised. An analysis of economists' authoring work, based on diary studies, suggests that much of this is performed at the last minute, just in time to meet deadlines. Benefits gained from word processing appear to be offset by authors' tendency to tinker with documents up to the last minute.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head-tracked immersive displays suffer from lag and nonuniform frame rates. A novel rendering architecture is proposed that combines head prediction with dynamic impostors for 3-D image correction and achieves bounded frame rates and significantly reduced lag.
{"title":"High fidelity for immersive displays","authors":"G. Schaufler, Tomasz Mazuryk, D. Schmalstieg","doi":"10.1145/257089.257298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257298","url":null,"abstract":"Head-tracked immersive displays suffer from lag and nonuniform frame rates. A novel rendering architecture is proposed that combines head prediction with dynamic impostors for 3-D image correction and achieves bounded frame rates and significantly reduced lag.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129358320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-18DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35175-9_125
T. Hewett
{"title":"Cognitive factors in design: basic phenomena in human memory and problem solving","authors":"T. Hewett","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-35175-9_125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35175-9_125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are an increasing number of methods for using context in design. Unfortunately these methods are strong on the collection of contextual data but weak on ways to use the data in design. Furthermore, current methods sttffer from bias which constrains the type of data collected by designers as well as the ways the data can be put to use. However, rather than eliminate these biases, we propose that designers should exploit them. This paper argues that this can be achieved by facilitating the creation of explicit links between the human context and the design specification and that this requires computer based support. Without such links, the use of context will be unsystematic and, potentially, ineffective.
{"title":"Putting context into design","authors":"S. Clarke","doi":"10.1145/257089.257118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257118","url":null,"abstract":"There are an increasing number of methods for using context in design. Unfortunately these methods are strong on the collection of contextual data but weak on ways to use the data in design. Furthermore, current methods sttffer from bias which constrains the type of data collected by designers as well as the ways the data can be put to use. However, rather than eliminate these biases, we propose that designers should exploit them. This paper argues that this can be achieved by facilitating the creation of explicit links between the human context and the design specification and that this requires computer based support. Without such links, the use of context will be unsystematic and, potentially, ineffective.","PeriodicalId":281135,"journal":{"name":"Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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