Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1984
Amina Muhammad, O. S. Abejide, J. M. Kaura
The increase in infrastructural development in the tropic has led to high demand for concrete production. Consequently, its constituents became very scarce and costly, especially the naturally occurring constituents. Laterite as an abundant naturally occurring material in the tropics is only put in use as filling material or in road construction. This study presents the determination of influence of nominal mix proportion (1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2) at a constant water cement ratio of 0.5 with laterite fully replacing sand (fine aggregate). 72 numbers of cubes of size 100 mm were prepared for the different concretes, while 12 numbers were cast for each mix proportion and cured in the curing tank at 3, 7, 14, 28 days. Though the laterite was found to be a normal weight aggregate, it was also identified as A – 7 – 6, medium plastic clayey and porous material, with a specific gravity of 2.59. For the fresh concrete, the slump value and degree of workability were obtained using the Vee-bee consistometer and slump tests in both laterite and conventional concrete in all the three mix proportions (1:2:4 : 0.5, 1 : 1.5 : 3 : 0.5, 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.5). The Vee bee second for the mix proportions (1:2:4 , 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 ) are 13:18 , 09:44 and 6.0 for the conventional concrete while 14:47 , 12: 41 and 9:30 for Laterized concrete.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF MIX PROPORTION ON WORKABILITY OF LATERIZED CONCRETE","authors":"Amina Muhammad, O. S. Abejide, J. M. Kaura","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1984","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in infrastructural development in the tropic has led to high demand for concrete production. Consequently, its constituents became very scarce and costly, especially the naturally occurring constituents. Laterite as an abundant naturally occurring material in the tropics is only put in use as filling material or in road construction. This study presents the determination of influence of nominal mix proportion (1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2) at a constant water cement ratio of 0.5 with laterite fully replacing sand (fine aggregate). 72 numbers of cubes of size 100 mm were prepared for the different concretes, while 12 numbers were cast for each mix proportion and cured in the curing tank at 3, 7, 14, 28 days. Though the laterite was found to be a normal weight aggregate, it was also identified as A – 7 – 6, medium plastic clayey and porous material, with a specific gravity of 2.59. For the fresh concrete, the slump value and degree of workability were obtained using the Vee-bee consistometer and slump tests in both laterite and conventional concrete in all the three mix proportions (1:2:4 : 0.5, 1 : 1.5 : 3 : 0.5, 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.5). The Vee bee second for the mix proportions (1:2:4 , 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 ) are 13:18 , 09:44 and 6.0 for the conventional concrete while 14:47 , 12: 41 and 9:30 for Laterized concrete.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2113
Inuwa Jibrin, M. M. Garba, G. M. Argungu, M. L. Mohammed, Usman Anas
An integrated solar cooking and solar drying system was developed using locally available materials. The system performs both functions of cooking and drying simultaneously. Performance evaluation of the system was carried out using tomatoes for drying; while rice, beans and eggs were used to carryout cooking experiment. For the purpose of performance evaluation, total global radiation, ambient temperature, humidity, water temperature were monitored, taken and recorded. Results obtained from the system and that of the non-integrated systems were compared using excel as a statistical tool for analysis to ascertain the performance of the integrated system. The average temperatures recorded in the integrated system during drying were 45.3, 46.0 and 45.9, while that of the non-integrated system were 40.2, 39.9 and 39.7. The average temperatures recorded during cooking of egg, beans and rice using the integrated system were 83.1, 83.4 and 78.2, while that of the non-integrated system were 68.8, 86.3 and 65.0. This indicates higher heat generation and faster drying and cooking rates in the integrated system than the non-integrated system. The system has a total cost estimate of N30,600 with an added advantage of cooking and drying simultaneously. It is portable and can help in improving the ambient air quality. Furthermore, the integrated system will occupy less space and gives higher efficiency compared to the conventional single use systems.
{"title":"CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN INTEGRATED SOLAR COOKING AND DRYING SYSTEM","authors":"Inuwa Jibrin, M. M. Garba, G. M. Argungu, M. L. Mohammed, Usman Anas","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2113","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated solar cooking and solar drying system was developed using locally available materials. The system performs both functions of cooking and drying simultaneously. Performance evaluation of the system was carried out using tomatoes for drying; while rice, beans and eggs were used to carryout cooking experiment. For the purpose of performance evaluation, total global radiation, ambient temperature, humidity, water temperature were monitored, taken and recorded. Results obtained from the system and that of the non-integrated systems were compared using excel as a statistical tool for analysis to ascertain the performance of the integrated system. The average temperatures recorded in the integrated system during drying were 45.3, 46.0 and 45.9, while that of the non-integrated system were 40.2, 39.9 and 39.7. The average temperatures recorded during cooking of egg, beans and rice using the integrated system were 83.1, 83.4 and 78.2, while that of the non-integrated system were 68.8, 86.3 and 65.0. This indicates higher heat generation and faster drying and cooking rates in the integrated system than the non-integrated system. The system has a total cost estimate of N30,600 with an added advantage of cooking and drying simultaneously. It is portable and can help in improving the ambient air quality. Furthermore, the integrated system will occupy less space and gives higher efficiency compared to the conventional single use systems.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2111
E. H. Mshelia, Watirahyel Pindar, K. Tadzabia, A. H. Mohammed, Omolide Ojo
The importance of traditional herbal medicinal system has now gained attention in developed and developing countries. Boswellia dalzielii is a tree grows in the wild usually in the Savannah region of West Africa. These work assessed the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of the stem bark extracts of Boswellia dalzielii. The plant extracts were obtained using soxhlet method with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water as solvents for 10 hours while the phytochemicals and insecticidal activities were determined using standard methods. The phytochemical screening showed significant presence of carbohydrate in the ethanol and water extracts while significant amount of tannin was detected only in the ethanol extract. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate showed absence of carbohydrate, tannins, phlobotannin, cyanogenic glycoside, chlorogenic acid and alkaloid. Significant amount of flavonoid was seen in the water extract, while only the ethanolic extract showed significant amount of cardiac glycoside and alkaloid. The acetone extract showed significant quantity of alkaloid and terpenes and steroids. The antibacterial screening showed that ethanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity. The petroleum ether extract had the least active components with no activity on the test organisms. The insecticidal activity of the plant extracts showed that acetone extract had the highest insecticidal activity on both the test insects. Camponotus consobrinus shows the highest percentage mortality of 75% at a concentration of 500µg and LC50 of 1.64x102µg followed by the Acanthscelides obtectus with the percentage mortality of 53% at a concentration of 250µg and...
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII HUTCHIN FROM KALTUNGO, NIGERIA","authors":"E. H. Mshelia, Watirahyel Pindar, K. Tadzabia, A. H. Mohammed, Omolide Ojo","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2111","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of traditional herbal medicinal system has now gained attention in developed and developing countries. Boswellia dalzielii is a tree grows in the wild usually in the Savannah region of West Africa. These work assessed the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of the stem bark extracts of Boswellia dalzielii. The plant extracts were obtained using soxhlet method with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water as solvents for 10 hours while the phytochemicals and insecticidal activities were determined using standard methods. The phytochemical screening showed significant presence of carbohydrate in the ethanol and water extracts while significant amount of tannin was detected only in the ethanol extract. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate showed absence of carbohydrate, tannins, phlobotannin, cyanogenic glycoside, chlorogenic acid and alkaloid. Significant amount of flavonoid was seen in the water extract, while only the ethanolic extract showed significant amount of cardiac glycoside and alkaloid. The acetone extract showed significant quantity of alkaloid and terpenes and steroids. The antibacterial screening showed that ethanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity. The petroleum ether extract had the least active components with no activity on the test organisms. The insecticidal activity of the plant extracts showed that acetone extract had the highest insecticidal activity on both the test insects. Camponotus consobrinus shows the highest percentage mortality of 75% at a concentration of 500µg and LC50 of 1.64x102µg followed by the Acanthscelides obtectus with the percentage mortality of 53% at a concentration of 250µg and...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"269 28‐34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2109
A. W. Hassan, Abdulrazak Ahmed, Yunusa Halliru, Ahmad Yahya Zakari, Ibrahim Umar Jallo, J. Abdulkadir, Abdulmumin Sulaiman Umar
Floods is one of the most disturbing environmental hazards in Dutsin Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The resulting effect is on property loss, economy and the environment. On this basis, this research was carried out to evaluate flood risk areas in Dutsin-ma local government area of Katsina State. a questionnaire survey gathered information regarding flood in the research area. geospatial approaches were used to obtain Satellite imagery of 2020 from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Google Earth platform. Multi Criteria Evaluation approach was used to develop flood risk-vulnerability map for the Dutsin-Ma. Findings from this study shows that 19% of the respondents believed that relocating people to higher grounds is the best way to mitigate the impact of flood, about 22.8% of the respondents believed that construction and maintenance of new drainages is a good option. Result for vulnerability assessment shows that Makera South, Makera North, Garhi East, Garhi West, Sakarya, Kitibawa, Gandi and Makwanta are identified as very high-risk areas. Other high-risk areas include Gidan Gamawa, Garin Mallam, Koranwaya, Wawaye, Zaki, Dage, Taka, Korafawa, Unguwan Nassarawa, Gago, Mawashi and Karki. The study recommended that Distribution of adequate relief materials and public enlightenment would assist to reduce the impact of in the study area. Result of this study can be beneficial to relevant professional bodies and agencies such as town planners, land use land cover planners, emergency, and contingency planners and the general public for control and management of flood.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF FLOOD ON THE COMMUNITIES IN DUTSIN-MA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. W. Hassan, Abdulrazak Ahmed, Yunusa Halliru, Ahmad Yahya Zakari, Ibrahim Umar Jallo, J. Abdulkadir, Abdulmumin Sulaiman Umar","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2109","url":null,"abstract":"Floods is one of the most disturbing environmental hazards in Dutsin Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The resulting effect is on property loss, economy and the environment. On this basis, this research was carried out to evaluate flood risk areas in Dutsin-ma local government area of Katsina State. a questionnaire survey gathered information regarding flood in the research area. geospatial approaches were used to obtain Satellite imagery of 2020 from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Google Earth platform. Multi Criteria Evaluation approach was used to develop flood risk-vulnerability map for the Dutsin-Ma. Findings from this study shows that 19% of the respondents believed that relocating people to higher grounds is the best way to mitigate the impact of flood, about 22.8% of the respondents believed that construction and maintenance of new drainages is a good option. Result for vulnerability assessment shows that Makera South, Makera North, Garhi East, Garhi West, Sakarya, Kitibawa, Gandi and Makwanta are identified as very high-risk areas. Other high-risk areas include Gidan Gamawa, Garin Mallam, Koranwaya, Wawaye, Zaki, Dage, Taka, Korafawa, Unguwan Nassarawa, Gago, Mawashi and Karki. The study recommended that Distribution of adequate relief materials and public enlightenment would assist to reduce the impact of in the study area. Result of this study can be beneficial to relevant professional bodies and agencies such as town planners, land use land cover planners, emergency, and contingency planners and the general public for control and management of flood.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"101 4‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2073
Emmanuel Abiodun Adewumi, Patricia O. Adewumi, T. Adesakin, J. O. Oyewumi, A. A. Adedeji
{"title":"The EVALUATION OF LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPA RESERVOIR TRIBUTARIES IN RELATION TO PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ITS CATCHMENT AREA, SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA","authors":"Emmanuel Abiodun Adewumi, Patricia O. Adewumi, T. Adesakin, J. O. Oyewumi, A. A. Adedeji","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"32 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2060
Kalen Ephraim Audu, Dahiru Sani, I. Gadzama, Mohammed A. Galadima, T. Sule
Sediments from freshwater bodies of the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria act as reservoirs for mineral and chemical nutrients washed from different sources around the environment. This research aimed at assessing the chemical and macronutrients of the sediments from freshwater bodies and the geomorphology of the area. A global positioning system, Model N9 GARMIN eTrexLegend™, personal navigator® was used to determine the geomorphological features while a polyvinyl chloride tube of 1.0 m long, 25 mm in diameter and 2.0 mm thick was used for sediment collection from a depth of 0-15 cm. The result of the chemical properties of the sediment; pH, organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen were found to be higher in dry season whereas phosphorus was high in the rainy season and there was no variation in the macronutrient across the dry and rainy season. Sand had the highest percentage across both seasons for particle distribution. This study revealed that sediments are rich in macronutrients and can be employed for agricultural purposes.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENTS AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF FRESHWATER BODIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ZONE, NIGERIA","authors":"Kalen Ephraim Audu, Dahiru Sani, I. Gadzama, Mohammed A. Galadima, T. Sule","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2060","url":null,"abstract":"Sediments from freshwater bodies of the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria act as reservoirs for mineral and chemical nutrients washed from different sources around the environment. This research aimed at assessing the chemical and macronutrients of the sediments from freshwater bodies and the geomorphology of the area. A global positioning system, Model N9 GARMIN eTrexLegend™, personal navigator® was used to determine the geomorphological features while a polyvinyl chloride tube of 1.0 m long, 25 mm in diameter and 2.0 mm thick was used for sediment collection from a depth of 0-15 cm. The result of the chemical properties of the sediment; pH, organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen were found to be higher in dry season whereas phosphorus was high in the rainy season and there was no variation in the macronutrient across the dry and rainy season. Sand had the highest percentage across both seasons for particle distribution. This study revealed that sediments are rich in macronutrients and can be employed for agricultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"318 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2055
A. A. Murana, J. Ochepo, A. A. Isah, K. E. Ibedu
Consumption of agricultural products generates large quantities of waste daily, and proper disposal mechanism is of great need. Introduction of waste pozzolanic material in asphaltic mixture creates a chemical reaction between bitumen and mineral filler as a result of its texture, geometry, chemical and mineralogical compositions. Mineral fillers play a significant role in the engineering properties of hot mix asphalt. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of locust bean pod ash (LBPA) as mineral filler on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt. X-Ray fluorescence was used for characterization of LBPA, the results showed that LBPA oxide composition are comparable to that of granite dust which has been used as a conventional filler material. To accomplish this objective response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to examine the impact of LBPA on the conventional Marshall properties (Stability, Flow, VMA, Pa, VFB) of LBPA-modified asphalt mixture. By using Multi-objective process, a fifth regression model was considered with a p-value < 5% for all responses. ANOVA revealed that the LBPA had a significant effect on the Marshal properties investigated. After optimization the optimum values of LBPA and bitumen content are 40% and 50% and respectively. The predicated Marshall properties values for stability, flow, VMA, Pa and VFB are 7.639kN, 3.892mm, 18.311%, 3.63%, 78.549% respectively. The findings of this study showed that LBPA is suitable as a mineral filler in asphaltic mixture.
{"title":"MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF LOCUST BEAN POD ASH CONTENT IN ASPHALT MIXTURE USING SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY","authors":"A. A. Murana, J. Ochepo, A. A. Isah, K. E. Ibedu","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2055","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption of agricultural products generates large quantities of waste daily, and proper disposal mechanism is of great need. Introduction of waste pozzolanic material in asphaltic mixture creates a chemical reaction between bitumen and mineral filler as a result of its texture, geometry, chemical and mineralogical compositions. Mineral fillers play a significant role in the engineering properties of hot mix asphalt. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of locust bean pod ash (LBPA) as mineral filler on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt. X-Ray fluorescence was used for characterization of LBPA, the results showed that LBPA oxide composition are comparable to that of granite dust which has been used as a conventional filler material. To accomplish this objective response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to examine the impact of LBPA on the conventional Marshall properties (Stability, Flow, VMA, Pa, VFB) of LBPA-modified asphalt mixture. By using Multi-objective process, a fifth regression model was considered with a p-value < 5% for all responses. ANOVA revealed that the LBPA had a significant effect on the Marshal properties investigated. After optimization the optimum values of LBPA and bitumen content are 40% and 50% and respectively. The predicated Marshall properties values for stability, flow, VMA, Pa and VFB are 7.639kN, 3.892mm, 18.311%, 3.63%, 78.549% respectively. The findings of this study showed that LBPA is suitable as a mineral filler in asphaltic mixture.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2107
N. Abdullahi, M. Dandago, M. S. Gambo, S. A. Sarki, P. G. Idah
The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in food crops is an issue of public health significance, which is progressively evolving into a worldwide predicament. The continuous discharge of HMs into the environment through a range of anthropogenic practices and natural occurrences has raised concerns regarding food safety and human well-being. HMs exhibit substantial resistance and when they infiltrate the food chain, they establish a sustainable cycle within the food web. Samples of Tomato, Bell pepper and Onion were taken from 10 different locations across the irrigation scheme. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr and Hg were determined in Tomato, Bell pepper, Onion bulb and Onion leaf samples. The mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr in Tomato are 2.437, 0.869, 0.367, 1.325, 0.649, 2.090, 15.255 mg/kg respectively. Average concentrations of these HMs in Bell pepper are 3.713, 1.225, 0.361, 1.619, 0.382, 3.071, 9.279 mg/kg respectively. While in Onion bulb are 4.123, 0.878, 0.282, 2.438, 1.175, 5.848, 28.219 mg/kg respectively. Mean concentrations observed in Onion leaves are 3.697, 1.001, 0.716, 1.145, 1.017, 1.191, 10.993 mg/kg for Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr respectively. The orders for HMs accumulations in vegetables are Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd for Tomato and Bell pepper samples, Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion bulb and Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion leaves. Hg was not detected in all the vegetable samples. The mean concentrations for Zn, Cd and Cr exceeded permissible limits in all the vegetable samples.
{"title":"HEAVY METALS IN TOMATO, BELL PEPPER AND ONION PRODUCED UNDER THE KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT","authors":"N. Abdullahi, M. Dandago, M. S. Gambo, S. A. Sarki, P. G. Idah","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2107","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in food crops is an issue of public health significance, which is progressively evolving into a worldwide predicament. The continuous discharge of HMs into the environment through a range of anthropogenic practices and natural occurrences has raised concerns regarding food safety and human well-being. HMs exhibit substantial resistance and when they infiltrate the food chain, they establish a sustainable cycle within the food web. Samples of Tomato, Bell pepper and Onion were taken from 10 different locations across the irrigation scheme. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr and Hg were determined in Tomato, Bell pepper, Onion bulb and Onion leaf samples. The mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr in Tomato are 2.437, 0.869, 0.367, 1.325, 0.649, 2.090, 15.255 mg/kg respectively. Average concentrations of these HMs in Bell pepper are 3.713, 1.225, 0.361, 1.619, 0.382, 3.071, 9.279 mg/kg respectively. While in Onion bulb are 4.123, 0.878, 0.282, 2.438, 1.175, 5.848, 28.219 mg/kg respectively. Mean concentrations observed in Onion leaves are 3.697, 1.001, 0.716, 1.145, 1.017, 1.191, 10.993 mg/kg for Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr respectively. The orders for HMs accumulations in vegetables are Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd for Tomato and Bell pepper samples, Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion bulb and Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion leaves. Hg was not detected in all the vegetable samples. The mean concentrations for Zn, Cd and Cr exceeded permissible limits in all the vegetable samples.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2057
Emmy Danny Ajik, Aminu Bashir Suleiman, Muhammad Ibrahim
Katsina State Transport Authority is the state's government-owned transportation provider, operating in all local governments. Because of its extensive reach, it faces a difficult problem in measuring customer satisfaction with the services it delivers. The purpose of this research is to improve the experiences of Katsina State Transport Authority users by using sentiment analysis and the TextBlob library to categorize comments as neutral, negative, or positive. The study begins with meticulous data collecting using Google Forms to provide a representative sample that captures an all-encompassing view of user opinions. The study used feature engineering and model fine-tuning to improve the process, tailoring TextBlob's performance to the complexities of transportation-related feedback. The results reveal that 71% of respondents are usually happy with the agency's services, while 9% offered negative comments with ideas for improvement. This study's findings, which included sentiment analysis and topic modeling, present a road map for enhancing services and planning.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2063
Chukwu Mbazor, J. M. Kaura, A. Ocholi, J. Ochepo, K. E. Ibedu
There is no doubt that construction and building industries are the main energy and materials consumers of any country. In sustainable development, both the immediate and imminent needs are adequately taken into consideration. Sequel to the fact that concrete is weak in tension, reinforcement is inevitable to compensate for the deficiency. This paper purposes to comparing the flexural properties of concrete beams reinforced with bamboo strips and steel bars. Bamboo strips were found to be a close replacement to steel for light-weight constructions. This research consists of 100 x 100 x 450mm reinforced concrete beams with varying percentages of steel served as reference. Three beams were cast for each bamboo/Steel reinforcement ratio for each curing age making a total of Ninety-Six beams for flexural properties test. Three cubes were prepaid for every curing age summing up to Twenty-Four cubes for compressive test. The area of Bamboo reinforcement equivalent to steel was calculated via the equivalence of the force that could withstand the bending stresses which was also resisted by corresponding bamboo area. Steel stirrups were used to carter for shear in the beams. Flexural and compressive strengths at 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-days have been taken into consideration for comparison purpose. The graphs from the results were plotted and the suitability of bamboo reinforced beam was discoursed regarding the failure types. Results from the research reveal that bamboo can be used in low-cost constructions.
毫无疑问，建筑业是任何国家的主要能源和材料消耗者。在可持续发展中，应充分考虑当前和紧迫的需求。由于混凝土的拉力较弱，因此不可避免地要进行加固以弥补不足。本文旨在比较用竹条和钢筋加固的混凝土梁的抗弯特性。研究发现，在轻质建筑中，竹条与钢筋的替代性很接近。这项研究以 100 x 100 x 450 毫米的钢筋混凝土梁为参照，钢筋的比例各不相同。在每个养护龄期，每种竹条/钢筋配比浇筑三根梁，总共有 96 根梁用于抗弯性能测试。每个固化龄期预付三个立方体，总共二十四个立方体用于抗压试验。竹筋的面积等同于钢筋的面积是通过相应的竹子面积所能承受的弯曲应力的等效力来计算的。钢箍筋用于承受梁的剪力。为便于比较，还考虑了 7 天、14 天、21 天和 28 天的抗弯强度和抗压强度。研究人员绘制了结果曲线图，并就失效类型讨论了竹加固梁的适用性。研究结果表明，竹子可用于低成本建筑。
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