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On intentionality of communication in terms of general cognitivity 从一般认知论交际的意向性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-71-77
E. A. Petrova
The article is devoted to the issues of cognitive linguistics, which studies language as a communication tool. The article postulates that cognitive linguistics is an approach to the analysis of natural language, which has as its main goal the study of language as a tool for organizing, processing and transmitting information. The author puts forward a point of view that it is fundamentally important for cognitive linguistics to analyze the conceptual base of linguistic categories, as well as certain mechanisms of information processing. The subject of the analysis in the article is the characteristic of the ratio of linguistic and cognitive modules. The purpose of the article is to analyze the correlation of linguistic and cognitive modules. The methodological basis of the study includes theoretical works on cognitive linguistics and philosophical theory of cognition, for which the priority is the study of language as a cognitive mechanism that contributes to encoding and transforming information. The emphasis is placed on the fact that language serves cognition, which is understood as both scientific and everyday comprehention of the world, realized in the processes of its conceptualization and categorization. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication using the example of mental representations formed in childhood. The results of the analysis underline the ambiguous interpretation of the problem, revealing the mechanism of perception and generation of speech. A conclusion is made that communication can be divided into intentional and non-intentional. Evidence was found that the information transmission can be carried out without intention, i.e., not all information can be intentional.
认知语言学是一门研究语言作为交际工具的学科。本文认为认知语言学是一种分析自然语言的方法,它的主要目标是研究语言作为组织、处理和传递信息的工具。作者认为,分析语言范畴的概念基础和某些信息加工机制对认知语言学至关重要。本文分析的主题是语言模块和认知模块的比例特征。本文的目的是分析语言模块和认知模块的相关性。本研究的方法论基础包括认知语言学和认知哲学理论,重点研究语言作为一种有助于信息编码和转换的认知机制。重点是语言服务于认知的事实,这被理解为对世界的科学和日常理解,在概念化和分类的过程中实现。以儿童时期形成的心理表征为例,重点分析了语言和非语言交际。分析结果强调了对问题的模糊解释,揭示了感知和言语生成的机制。结论是交际可以分为有意交际和非有意交际。证据表明,信息传递可以在没有意图的情况下进行,即并非所有的信息都可以是故意的。
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引用次数: 0
Communicative particles as means of representing actual information in literary discourse in English, Spanish and Russian 交际助词在英语、西班牙语和俄语文学话语中的实际信息表达
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2021-3-26-125-131
Aleksandr E. Kuptsov, Vladimir N. Babayan
This article examines one of the issues of fiction discourse and communicative syntax that has not yet been sufficiently studied, i.e. the role of limiting particles in the communicative and syntactic organization of a sentence in the English, Spanish and Russian literary discourse. These particles are considered with rhetorical means which are of particular importance in literary discourse. Various lexical and syntactic constructions can be used as rhetorical means (for example, word order, lexical repetitions, inversion, etc.), as well as literary figurative forms. It is worth noting that one of the relatively understudied issues of actual syntax remains the question of communicative pragmatic functions of limiting particles, which occupy a special place in the system of linguistic means of expressing the actual division in literary discourse, and their role in the communicative and syntactic organization of a sentence in the English, Spanish and Russian languages. Communicative (actual) division is one the most important aspects of the utterance which marks, according to the particular speech situation and communicative and pragmatic intentions, logical parts of the utterance – theme and rheme, determining the meaning of the utterance as a speech unit.Actual division is seen as an individual speech act, relating to a particular situation and defined by the communicative intent of the speaker, as a phenomenon that is not subject to standardization and generalization. Several methods of actualization are simultaneously involved in forming the communicative (actual) division of a sentence, some of them being the main and others being auxiliary means which can replace, supplement or reinforce each other. Thus, each language has a fairly rich system of communication-oriented means that have received a stable and standardized character, designed specifically for expressing the communicative division of a sentence and providing the speaker (writer) an opportunity to choose the necessary ways of its implementation in accordance with a specific speech situation and the purpose of the utterance.
本文探讨了小说语篇和交际句法中尚未得到充分研究的一个问题,即限定语词在英语、西班牙语和俄语文学语篇中句子的交际和句法组织中的作用。这些小品是用修辞手段来考虑的,这在文学话语中特别重要。各种词汇和句法结构可以作为修辞手段(如词序、词汇重复、倒装等),也可以作为文学比喻形式。值得注意的是,在英语、西班牙语和俄语中,限定词的交际语用功能是实际句法研究相对较少的问题之一。限定词在文学话语中表达实际划分的语言手段系统中占有特殊地位,在句子的交际和句法组织中发挥着重要作用。交际(实际)划分是话语最重要的方面之一,它根据特定的言语情境以及交际和语用意图,标记话语的逻辑部分——主位和述位,决定话语作为言语单位的意义。实际分割被视为一种个体言语行为,与特定情况有关,由说话者的交际意图所定义,是一种不受标准化和一般化约束的现象。句子的交际(实际)划分同时涉及几种实现方法,其中一些是主要的,另一些是辅助的,可以相互代替、补充或加强。因此,每种语言都有相当丰富的交际手段体系,这些手段具有稳定和规范的特征,是专门为表达句子的交际划分而设计的,并为说话者(作者)提供了根据特定的言语情境和话语目的选择必要的实现方式的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Lexical-semantic analysis of Russia's image in the modern French press 近代法国报刊中俄罗斯形象的词汇语义分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2021-4-27-158-164
Svetlana B. Barushkova, Anastasiya R. Komissarova
The purpose of this article is to form the image of modern Russia, created in the French press on the basis of linguistic and cultural content analysis of factual material made by the method of continuous sampling of articles from such modern popular French publications as: «Le Monde», «Paris Match», «L'Express», «Le Figaro», «Le Point», «L'Équipe», «Les Échos», «Le Nouvel Observateur». The selection of linguistic material was carried out from various headings of the above mentioned publications. The study examined the following areas covered in the French press: politics (Politique), economy (Économique), culture (Culture), sport (Sport), Santé (COVID – 19); events (Événement) which, in turn, were divided into smaller thematic groups. The French publications listed above are among the most popular both in the country and abroad. For example, «Le Monde «is one of the most famous and quoted French publications in the world, and «Le Figaro « is the oldest national French newspaper, originally a weekly satirical literary magazine, transformed in the middle of the XIX century into an uncensored sensation newspaper. The main result of the study is a layer of linguistic units classified according to the thematic component that describe the image of Russia in the French press. It should be noted that the evaluation marking varies depending on the scope of coverage. Thus, for example, in politics, economics and news covering the pandemic (COVID – 19), the image of Russia is usually presented from a negative point of view, which is reflected in the choice of linguistic and stylistic means. In the field of sports, the connotation of the units used can be both positive (news coverage from the world of lawn tennis) and negative (doping of Russian athletes). The results of the study are presented in the form of a digital indicator, which clearly demonstrates both the choice of the problems covered and the distribution of the actual material within these topics.
本文的目的是在对事实材料进行语言和文化内容分析的基础上,形成现代俄罗斯在法国新闻界的形象,这些事实材料是通过对法国现代流行出版物的文章进行连续抽样的方法制作的,这些出版物包括:《世界报》、《巴黎竞赛报》、《快报》、《费加罗报》、《观点报》、《Équipe》、《Échos》、《新观察家报》。语言材料的选择是从上述出版物的各种标题中进行的。该研究调查了法国媒体报道的以下领域:政治(Politique)、经济(Économique)、文化(culture)、体育(sport)、圣 (COVID - 19);活动(Événement),这些活动又被分成较小的专题小组。上面所列的法国出版物在国内和国外都是最受欢迎的。例如,《世界报》是世界上最著名和被引用的法国出版物之一,《费加罗报》是法国最古老的全国性报纸,最初是一本讽刺文学周刊,在十九世纪中叶转变为一份未经审查的轰动报纸。这项研究的主要结果是根据描述法国媒体中俄罗斯形象的主题成分分类的语言单位层。需要注意的是,评价标注根据覆盖范围的不同而有所不同。因此,例如在政治、经济和新闻报道大流行(COVID - 19)时,通常从负面的角度呈现俄罗斯的形象,这体现在语言和风格手段的选择上。在体育领域,使用的单位的内涵可以是积极的(草坪网球世界的新闻报道)和消极的(俄罗斯运动员服用兴奋剂)。研究结果以数字指标的形式呈现,清楚地表明所涵盖问题的选择和这些专题中实际材料的分布情况。
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引用次数: 0
ТHE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN THE CREATION OF THE WORLD ARTISTIC TEXT PICTURE Тhe情感在世界艺术文本画面创作中的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-171-175
A. N. Magomedova
Human emotions and the mechanisms for their linguistic support has always been a subject of scientific research. A number of sciences studying the psychological phenomenon are Psychology, Physiology, Sociology, Philosophy, Ethics, Medicine, Biochemistry, Linguistics, Literary criticism. Obviously, the variety of positions and approaches is due to the abundance and the disorder of terminology in the problem of emotions. The ability of a person to experience emotions can be described in many ways – psychological reality, mental state, inner state, an emotional activity. The comparison of positive and negative emotions reveals both common and distinctive properties. However, positive emotions are never long lasting, but the negative emotions very long, prone to summation and more frequently than positive emotions, form a semantic complex that is a collection of images associated with the situation that gave rise to strong emotional experience. While updating one of the elements of this complex leads to the introduction into the consciousness of the other elements and, ultimately, brings to life a whole range of negative emotions, and when repeated calls to complex negative emotions they every time more increasing (growing sadness, anger and fear increase). But positive emotion lives by itself, and, being once called on any matter, the repetition of this circumstance does not occur or occurs in a reduced form. Emotive language is traditionally studied taking into account such categories as evaluation, expressiveness, imagery and its connection with the rating are particularly close. The pairing of emotion and appreciation do not lose their relevance. The article illustrates the analysis emotive vocabulary in the disclosure of the conflict on the example of the extract from the American novel by Theodore Dreiser.
人类情感及其语言支持机制一直是科学研究的主题。研究心理现象的学科有心理学、生理学、社会学、哲学、伦理学、医学、生物化学、语言学、文学批评等。显然,这种立场和方法的多样性是由于情绪问题中术语的丰富性和无序性。一个人体验情感的能力可以用很多方式来描述——心理现实、精神状态、内心状态、情感活动。积极情绪和消极情绪的比较揭示了它们的共性和独特性。然而,积极情绪永远不会持续很长时间,但消极情绪很长,倾向于总结,比积极情绪更频繁,形成一个语义复合体,这是一个与情景相关的图像集合,产生了强烈的情感体验。当更新这个综合体的一个元素导致引入其他元素的意识时,最终,带来了一系列负面情绪的生活,当重复调用复杂的负面情绪时,它们每次都增加(越来越多的悲伤,愤怒和恐惧增加)。但是积极的情绪是独立存在的,一旦在任何事情上被唤起,这种情况的重复就不会发生,或者以一种简化的形式出现。情感语言的研究传统上考虑了评价、表达、意象等范畴,其与评价的关系尤为密切。情感和欣赏的结合并没有失去它们的相关性。本文以美国作家西奥多·德莱塞的小说节选为例,分析了情感词汇在冲突表露中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
THE REPRESENTATION OF TEMPERATURE ATTRIBUTE OF WEATHER OF LEXICAL SEMANTIC VARIATION OF ENGLISH ADJECTIVES 英语形容词词汇语义变化对天气温度属性的表征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-2-21-173-178
Natalia S. Lapkovskaya
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引用次数: 0
BUSINESS VS FRIENDLY LETTER UNDER THE PEN OF RUSSIAN CLASSICISTS (EPISTOLARY BY A. P. SUMAROKOV) 俄国古典主义者笔下的商业与友好信件(a.p.苏马洛科夫的书信集)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-18-27
M. Kuzmina
The article is devoted to the study of one of the milestones in the development of the genre of writing – the epistolary heritage of Russian classicists, in particular, A. P. Sumarokov, who was, as is known, among the largest representatives of classicism. Being engaged not only in literary practice, but also in theory, he himself brought writing outside of literature, described it in the treatise «On the Russian Language», while literary genres – in the treatise «On Poetry». This freed the author-epistolographer from complying with the requirements of classicism, gave freedom unknown to others – literary genres proper. At the same time, it didn’t reduce writing to an everyday or business text, firstly, due to the fact that there was a continuous mutual influence of the genres of writing and a poetic message, epistle, and secondly, due to the fact that the letters of writers a priori had aesthetic value. Thus, taken outside the bounds of literature, writing was organically closely related to it, included in it. At first glance, the peripheral position of the epistolary genre in the era of classicism turned out to be privileged and very promising. One of the varieties of the epistolary genre, the friendly letter, had particular prospects during the 18th century influenced other species. Business letter was no exception, including the business letter of the classicists. Thus, the business letters of A. P. Sumarokov, addressed to both dignitaries and the empress, were strongly influenced by a friendly letter. It seems that he appealed to the traditions of the latter, consciously or not, wishing to overcome the split of his «I», which is very tangible in his business epistolography. The image of the author seems to be twofold in it, in many respects in accordance with the aesthetics of classicism. On the one hand, Sumarokov positions himself as a «public person»: a recognized, talented writer, theater director, citizen, selflessly serving the motherland. On the other hand, as a «natural person»: helpless, lonely, suffering from a lack of money, energy, time, from undeserved grievances, injustice, misunderstanding, etc. According to the logic of classicism, a «social person» must prevail over the «natural», unpatriotic position, selfishness, weaknesses and passions of which are shameful. Perhaps, only the epistolary genre gave the author the possibility of a different intention – gaining the wholeness of his «I» not by suppressing the «natural person» in himself and strengthening the «social», but by «balancing» both hypostases. Sumarokov tries to realize this intention through the actualization of the features of a friendly letter that is authentic for two facets of his «I»: if a «public person» by his activities in the literary and civil field deserves friendly communication «on equal terms» with any high-ranking addressee, then a «natural person» deserves it is communication with your personal qualities. In addition, the fate of the author depends
本文致力于研究写作类型发展的里程碑之一-俄罗斯古典主义者的书信体遗产,特别是A. P. Sumarokov,众所周知,他是古典主义的最大代表之一。他不仅从事文学实践,而且从事理论研究,他自己把写作带到了文学之外,在《论俄语》的专著中描述了这一点,而在《论诗歌》的专著中描述了文学流派。这使作者-书信体作者从遵从古典主义的要求中解放出来,给了别人不知道的自由-文学体裁本身。与此同时,它并没有将写作降低到日常或商业文本,首先,由于写作类型和诗意信息(书信)之间存在持续的相互影响,其次,由于先验作家的信件具有审美价值。因此,在文学的范围之外,写作与文学有机地密切相关,包含在文学之中。乍一看,书信体在古典主义时代的边缘地位是有特权的,前途是光明的。书信体裁的一个变种,友好信件,在18世纪有特别的前景,影响了其他种类。商业书信也不例外,包括古典主义者的商业书信。因此,a . P. Sumarokov写给达官贵人和皇后的商业信件都受到一封友好信件的强烈影响。他似乎有意无意地诉诸后者的传统,希望克服他的“我”的分裂,这在他的商业书信中是非常明显的。作者的形象似乎是双重的,在许多方面符合古典主义美学。一方面,苏马罗科夫将自己定位为“公众人物”:一个公认的、有才华的作家、戏剧导演、公民,无私地为祖国服务。另一方面,作为一个“自然人”:无助,孤独,遭受缺乏金钱,精力,时间,从冤屈,不公正,误解等。根据古典主义的逻辑,一个“社会人”必须战胜“自然的”、不爱国的立场、自私、弱点和激情,这些都是可耻的。也许,只有书信体体裁给作者提供了一种不同意图的可能性——不是通过压制自身的“自然人”和加强“社会”来获得他的“我”的整体性,而是通过“平衡”这两个实体。苏马洛科夫试图通过实现一封友好信件的特征来实现这一意图,这封信在他的“我”的两个方面是真实的:如果一个“公众人物”通过他在文学和民事领域的活动值得与任何高级收件人进行“平等条件”的友好交流,那么一个“自然人”值得与你的个人品质进行交流。此外,作者的命运取决于被赋予权力的收信人:前者可以解决后者的问题,-因此,在商务信函中,Sumarokov实现了友好信函的特征。因此,在他的笔下创造了一种友好的商业混合体,为书信体的进一步发展提供了希望。
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引用次数: 0
INFORMATION BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION S AND THEIR OVERCOMING IN MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 军事组织沟通中的信息障碍及其克服
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-156-163
Valentin N. Stepanov, M. A. Rybakov
The article gives a systemic character of communications in a military organization based on existing regulatory framework and modern scientific, educational, reference literature on communication theory. The main attention is given to communicative activity in military organizations in terms of horizontal and vertical communications. The article gives a detailed analysis of the appearing of information barriers during organizational communication and ways of overcoming them. The authors underline the importance of the activity aimed at reducing the time for performing the tasks which the chief faces at the period of direct aggression threat(appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time without any decline in their performance. The article gives several steps and tasks for every step. That is:1) systematization and consistency in their performance ; 2)work out and probation of systemic model of service on organization works in the period of direct aggression threat (appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time; 3) nomenclature clarification of the normative and operational documents content ; 4) work out and approbation of methodical recommendations.
本文以现有的管理框架和现代传播理论的科学、教育和参考文献为基础,给出了军事组织传播的系统特征。主要关注的是军事组织在横向和纵向传播方面的传播活动。本文详细分析了组织沟通中信息障碍的出现及克服信息障碍的途径。作者强调了旨在减少执行任务的时间的活动的重要性,这些任务是酋长在直接侵略威胁时期(出现危机局势)和战争时期面临的任务,而不会降低他们的表现。本文给出了几个步骤和每个步骤的任务。即:1)绩效的系统性和一致性;2)直接侵略威胁时期(危机形势出现时期)和战时组织工作系统服务模式的制定和试用;3)规范性和操作性文件内容的命名澄清;4)制定并批准有条不紊的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Phraseological units as linguistic exponents of national culture 作为民族文化语言表征的词汇单位
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499_9679_2022_4_31_101_107
Saida K. Sapieva
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引用次数: 0
Americans on the Yaroslavl region (second half of XIX – early XX centuries) 雅罗斯拉夫尔地区的美国人(19世纪下半叶- 20世纪初)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2022-1-28-195-203
Petr G. Agrafonov
The article analyzes materials about the Yaroslavl region, written by the representatives of the United States and pub-lished in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries, including personal travel experiences of the Americans who visit-ed the region. The first printed reports about Yaroslavl published on the American continent appeared in the middle of the 19th century. These publications differ in the degree of the authors’ awareness, their sources and style. What makes the materials collected in the article especially expressive is the sharp contrast in their content – from a reserved infor-mational reference book to a honeymoon diary and eye-witness notes of the pre-revolutionary situation in Yaroslavl in September 1917. The information provided by the Americans is of historical as well as cultural interest, and is analyzed in the interrelationship of the two perspectives. It is worth mentioning that travel notes, regardless of the individual characteristics of the author's text, are a reflection of how elements of different cultures meet, including education, art, politics, customs, everyday life habits, etc. Consequently, along with the historical aspect, the materials described serve as a means of contact between cultures, which provides opportunities to study the mutual perception of different socie-ties. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the data under consideration. In addition, the article examines the socio-cultural nature of the information contained in the foreigners' comments, which contributes to a deeper study of human activity at a certain period in history. Consequently, the multifaceted communicative interac-tion of cultures allows for a more complete and vivid characterization of the social scene at a certain point in history.
本文分析了19世纪下半叶至20世纪初由美国代表撰写并出版的关于雅罗斯拉夫尔地区的材料,包括访问该地区的美国人的个人旅行经历。关于雅罗斯拉夫尔的第一份印刷报告出现在19世纪中期的美洲大陆上。这些出版物在作者的认识程度、来源和风格上各不相同。文章中收集的材料之所以特别有表现力,是因为它们的内容形成了鲜明的对比——从一本保守的信息参考书到一本蜜月日记,再到1917年9月雅罗斯拉夫尔革命前局势的目击者笔记。美国人提供的信息既具有历史意义,又具有文化意义,并从这两个角度进行相互关系分析。值得一提的是,游记不考虑作者文本的个体特征,而是反映了不同文化元素如何相遇,包括教育、艺术、政治、习俗、日常生活习惯等。因此,随着历史方面,所描述的材料作为文化之间接触的手段,这提供了研究不同社会的相互感知的机会。特别注意对所审议的数据进行比较分析。此外,本文还考察了外国人评论中所含信息的社会文化性质,这有助于更深入地研究历史上某一时期的人类活动。因此,文化的多面性交流互动使我们能够更完整、更生动地描绘历史上某一时刻的社会场景。
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引用次数: 0
Explication of deontic modality in international legal documents in the english language 英语国际法律文书道义情态的阐释
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499_9679_2022_4_31_119_126
O. Boginskaya
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin
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