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Emotive potential of the lyrical heroine's voice in M. Tsvetaeva's poetic cycle "Wires" 茨维塔耶娃诗体《线》中抒情女主声音的情感潜能
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499_9679_2022_4_31_16_22
Xuanye Pan
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引用次数: 0
One more idea of V. I. Dal: Dictionary of Russian writers 还有一个关于v.i. Dal的观点:俄罗斯作家词典
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2022-1-28-27-33
V. Melnik
This article reviews for the first time the materials of V. I. Dahl's «Notebook», published quite recently. It turns out that V. I. Dahl made an attempt to compile a dictionary of Russian writers. The approximate time of the work is substanti-ated between 1847–1855. In fact, the book is a draft attempt to write dictionary entries about certain authors. The alphabetical list includes 39 names, usually of less known authors, not previously included in existing dictionaries. The social status of the writers is of the greatest interest, since the authors selected by Dahl are in the field of his pro-fessional and spiritual interests: they are either civil servants, like Dahl himself, or clergymen. At the same time, Dahl's own professional interests played an important role in selecting the names for the «Notebook»: medicine, ethnography, Slavic studies, etc. In this sense, Dahl's Dictionary in its original form is partly autobiographical. The largest group of writers included in the «Notebook» are clergymen: bishops, and sometimes ordinary priests having their works published. Of the 39 names presented in the «Notebook», 17, that is, almost half, are the names of priests. The structure of the dictionary entries and the principles of Dahl's work on them are analyzed: he selected the au-thor, whose biographical article had recently been published, first retold this article in his own words, emphasizing cer-tain points, sometimes adding a certain degree of artistic expression to them; then largely expanded the bibliographical section of the entry, turning to existing reference books by A. Smirdin and D. Olkhin. Apparently, Dahl wanted to con-tinue his compiling work, but he was distracted by other plans.
本文首次回顾了最近出版的达尔的《笔记本》的材料。原来v·i·达尔曾试图编纂一本俄罗斯作家的词典。这项工作的大致时间是在1847年至1855年之间。事实上,这本书是一个草稿,试图写一些关于某些作者的字典条目。按字母顺序排列的名单包括39个名字,通常是不太知名的作者,以前没有收录在现有的词典中。作者的社会地位是最令人感兴趣的,因为达尔选择的作者都在他的专业和精神兴趣领域:他们要么是公务员,像达尔自己,要么是神职人员。与此同时,达尔自己的专业兴趣在为《笔记本》选择名字时发挥了重要作用:医学、人种学、斯拉夫研究等。从这个意义上说,达尔的字典在其原始形式部分是自传。《笔记本》中包含的最大的作家群体是神职人员:主教,有时是出版作品的普通牧师。在“笔记本”中列出的39个名字中,有17个,即几乎一半是牧师的名字。分析了词典条目的结构和达尔对条目的创作原则:他选择了刚刚发表传记文章的作者,首先用他自己的话复述这篇文章,强调某些要点,有时加入一定程度的艺术表达;然后大大扩展了条目的参考书目部分,转向A.斯米尔丁和D.奥尔欣的现有参考书。显然,达尔想继续他的汇编工作,但他被其他计划分散了注意力。
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引用次数: 0
INFORMATION BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION S AND THEIR OVERCOMING IN MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 军事组织沟通中的信息障碍及其克服
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-156-163
Valentin N. Stepanov, M. A. Rybakov
The article gives a systemic character of communications in a military organization based on existing regulatory framework and modern scientific, educational, reference literature on communication theory. The main attention is given to communicative activity in military organizations in terms of horizontal and vertical communications. The article gives a detailed analysis of the appearing of information barriers during organizational communication and ways of overcoming them. The authors underline the importance of the activity aimed at reducing the time for performing the tasks which the chief faces at the period of direct aggression threat(appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time without any decline in their performance. The article gives several steps and tasks for every step. That is:1) systematization and consistency in their performance ; 2)work out and probation of systemic model of service on organization works in the period of direct aggression threat (appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time; 3) nomenclature clarification of the normative and operational documents content ; 4) work out and approbation of methodical recommendations.
本文以现有的管理框架和现代传播理论的科学、教育和参考文献为基础,给出了军事组织传播的系统特征。主要关注的是军事组织在横向和纵向传播方面的传播活动。本文详细分析了组织沟通中信息障碍的出现及克服信息障碍的途径。作者强调了旨在减少执行任务的时间的活动的重要性,这些任务是酋长在直接侵略威胁时期(出现危机局势)和战争时期面临的任务,而不会降低他们的表现。本文给出了几个步骤和每个步骤的任务。即:1)绩效的系统性和一致性;2)直接侵略威胁时期(危机形势出现时期)和战时组织工作系统服务模式的制定和试用;3)规范性和操作性文件内容的命名澄清;4)制定并批准有条不紊的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Maxim Gorky and the Yaroslavl text 马克西姆·高尔基和雅罗斯拉夫文本
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2022-2-29-39-45
N. Ivanov
The work is devoted to determining the place of M. Gorky in the structure of the so-called Yaroslavl text. The material is interpreted in the event-biographical, historical and literary aspects; the results of the study are presented. It is probably the first time that Gorky is incorporated into the structure of a local text, the type to which the Yaroslavl text belongs. This scientific idea is realized through solving a number of tasks: to complement the definitions of the Yaroslavl text, and the author's myth, to determine their biographical, authorological, historical and literary contours; to correlate the space of the Yaroslavl text and the biography and creative pursuits of Gorky. The tasks have been solved through the study of creative connections, cross-references, parallels, personal and family relations. The author of the article presents some original findings and draws a number of conclusions.The biographical data on Gorky, the Volzhin sisters, and the Bogdanovich family - Adam Bogdanovich and his son Maxim, a classic of Belarusian literature - are of particular interest. The most significant results of the work were the following. Gorky is included in the space of the Yaroslavl text. The diary and the document are taken into account as a valuable element in the writer's heritage, and the attitude toward them as a secondary, auxiliary material is overcome. The approaches to the material used determined the novelty of Gorky's legacy and the interpretation of his biographical data. The article gives new assessments of famous works, clarifies the writer's position, and shows its connection with the writer's biography and his work. Some observations are made in the field of aesthetic and poetics of prose and the artistic nature of Gorky's writings. The article is addressed to philologists, literary critics, researchers of the XX century Russian literature and culture.
这项工作致力于确定高尔基在所谓的雅罗斯拉夫文本结构中的地位。材料是在事件传记,历史和文学方面解释;最后给出了研究结果。这可能是高尔基第一次被纳入当地文本的结构中,雅罗斯拉夫尔文本属于这种类型。这一科学理念是通过解决一系列任务来实现的:补充雅罗斯拉夫尔文本的定义,以及作者的神话,确定他们的传记,作者,历史和文学轮廓;将雅罗斯拉夫尔文本的空间与高尔基的生平和创作追求联系起来。这些任务是通过研究创造性联系、交叉参考、相似之处、个人和家庭关系来解决的。这篇文章的作者提出了一些原创的发现,并得出了一些结论。关于高尔基、伏尔金姐妹和波格丹诺维奇家族(亚当·波格丹诺维奇和他的儿子马克西姆)的传记资料是白俄罗斯文学的经典,尤其令人感兴趣。这项工作最重要的成果如下。高尔基被包括在雅罗斯拉夫尔文本的空间中。日记和文件被认为是作家遗产中有价值的元素,而对它们作为次要辅助材料的态度被克服了。所用材料的处理方法决定了高尔基遗产的新颖性和对他传记资料的解释。本文对著名作品进行了新的评价,澄清了作家的地位,并指出了其与作家传记和作品的联系。本文从散文美学和诗学的角度对高尔基作品的艺术性进行了考察。这篇文章是写给研究二十世纪俄罗斯文学和文化的语言学家、文学评论家和研究者的。
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引用次数: 0
Americans on the Yaroslavl region (second half of XIX – early XX centuries) 雅罗斯拉夫尔地区的美国人(19世纪下半叶- 20世纪初)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2022-1-28-195-203
Petr G. Agrafonov
The article analyzes materials about the Yaroslavl region, written by the representatives of the United States and pub-lished in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries, including personal travel experiences of the Americans who visit-ed the region. The first printed reports about Yaroslavl published on the American continent appeared in the middle of the 19th century. These publications differ in the degree of the authors’ awareness, their sources and style. What makes the materials collected in the article especially expressive is the sharp contrast in their content – from a reserved infor-mational reference book to a honeymoon diary and eye-witness notes of the pre-revolutionary situation in Yaroslavl in September 1917. The information provided by the Americans is of historical as well as cultural interest, and is analyzed in the interrelationship of the two perspectives. It is worth mentioning that travel notes, regardless of the individual characteristics of the author's text, are a reflection of how elements of different cultures meet, including education, art, politics, customs, everyday life habits, etc. Consequently, along with the historical aspect, the materials described serve as a means of contact between cultures, which provides opportunities to study the mutual perception of different socie-ties. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the data under consideration. In addition, the article examines the socio-cultural nature of the information contained in the foreigners' comments, which contributes to a deeper study of human activity at a certain period in history. Consequently, the multifaceted communicative interac-tion of cultures allows for a more complete and vivid characterization of the social scene at a certain point in history.
本文分析了19世纪下半叶至20世纪初由美国代表撰写并出版的关于雅罗斯拉夫尔地区的材料,包括访问该地区的美国人的个人旅行经历。关于雅罗斯拉夫尔的第一份印刷报告出现在19世纪中期的美洲大陆上。这些出版物在作者的认识程度、来源和风格上各不相同。文章中收集的材料之所以特别有表现力,是因为它们的内容形成了鲜明的对比——从一本保守的信息参考书到一本蜜月日记,再到1917年9月雅罗斯拉夫尔革命前局势的目击者笔记。美国人提供的信息既具有历史意义,又具有文化意义,并从这两个角度进行相互关系分析。值得一提的是,游记不考虑作者文本的个体特征,而是反映了不同文化元素如何相遇,包括教育、艺术、政治、习俗、日常生活习惯等。因此,随着历史方面,所描述的材料作为文化之间接触的手段,这提供了研究不同社会的相互感知的机会。特别注意对所审议的数据进行比较分析。此外,本文还考察了外国人评论中所含信息的社会文化性质,这有助于更深入地研究历史上某一时期的人类活动。因此,文化的多面性交流互动使我们能够更完整、更生动地描绘历史上某一时刻的社会场景。
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引用次数: 0
SOVIET BEING: RELIGIOUS DETERMINANTS AND IMAGES OF MODERN TIMES 苏联存在:宗教决定因素与现代形象
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-189-194
A. Eremin
The article is devoted to the study of the religious foundations of Soviet life in the context of their interaction with the images of the new Soviet era. The paper substantiates the thesis that the civilizational specificity of Russia, which is based on Orthodox determinants, has become the basis for building the Soviet value-normative system. Turning to the concept of religiosity put forward by E. Durkheim, the author comes to the conclusion that Soviet society was inherently religious, based on archetypal determinants, which created the specificity of Soviet being. The author develops the ideas of P.Ya. Danilevsky to identify and analyze civilizational paradigms, traces their influence on the understanding of power, society, and man. Characterizing the civilizational determinants that existed in the cultural matrix of Soviet being, the author focuses on the peculiarities of the Orthodox world outlook, proving the idea that Soviet ideals and values are a new format of Orthodox imperatives that existed despite religious persecution and antichurch policies. The fundamental Orthodox imperative that determined the historical and cultural dynamics of Russian society, according to the author, was the conciliarity and unity of society, which was placed above the interests of the individual. For Soviet being, this imperative became decisive and was reflected in the ideas of collectivism and solidarity of the Soviet people. The paper concludes that civilizational determinants in new forms were further developed, especially in the period of 30–40s. XX century during the cult of personality I.V. Stalin.
这篇文章致力于研究苏联生活的宗教基础与新苏联时代的图像的相互作用。本文论证了以东正教决定因素为基础的俄罗斯文明特殊性成为构建苏联价值规范体系的基础。在迪尔凯姆提出的宗教性概念的基础上,作者根据原型决定因素得出了苏联社会具有内在宗教性的结论,原型决定因素创造了苏联存在的特殊性。作者对帕亚的思想进行了发展。丹尼列夫斯基对文明范式的识别和分析,追溯了它们对理解权力、社会和人的影响。作者描述了苏联存在的文化矩阵中存在的文明决定因素,着重于东正教世界观的特殊性,证明了苏联的理想和价值观是东正教的一种新形式,尽管存在宗教迫害和反教会政策。根据作者的说法,决定俄罗斯社会历史和文化动态的东正教基本要求是社会的和解和统一,这高于个人的利益。对苏联人来说,这一当务之急具有决定性,并反映在苏联人民的集体主义和团结的思想上。本文认为,新形式的文明决定因素得到了进一步发展,特别是在30 - 40年代。二十世纪斯大林个人崇拜时期。
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引用次数: 0
Chinese national cuisine as a cultural code 中国民族美食作为一种文化密码
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2022-1-28-211-217
L. Xiaotao, Svetlana A. Koloda
The genesis of the Chinese national cuisine is considered from the standpoint of cultural studies. The authors give a brief overview of its evolution over the centuries and present a modern interpretation of traditional gastronomy to identify the specifics of the cultural code. The authors take a methodological approach considering the national cuisine of China through the interpretation of gastronomic culture. China's national cuisine is presented as both an important historical and cultural heritage and as a significant element of China's everyday culture. Gastronomic culture is defined as a mental structure expressed through various phenomena. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the philosophical aspects of Chinese national cuisine and its influence on the formation of the main aspects of the people' s daily life. The specificity of cooking and serving food and the tradition of using chopsticks are highlighted as important to Chinese culture. The authors examine the historical foundations of the Chinese cuisine development and the ways of the imperial cuisine transformation into some modern directions of Chinese culinary culture. Examples are given of the historical nature of imperial cuisine, as well as of the stages of Chinese cuisine evolution over three thousand years. It is noted that due to cultural and historical reasons, Chinese cuisine uses almost everything that nature gives, including exotic ingredients. It is estimated that Chinese cuisine has about 80,000 dishes. Chinese cuisine differs from European and American cuisine, namely because the Chinese eat more vegetables and fewer meat dishes. The article points out that the modern Chinese restaurant business has borrowed some traditions of imperial cuisine evolving over three millennia. In modern China, the traditional dining etiquette during a formal lunch or dinner is observed, the most important part of which is the placement of guests at the table.
本文从文化研究的角度探讨了中国民族美食的起源。作者简要概述了几个世纪以来的演变,并对传统美食进行了现代诠释,以确定文化代码的具体内容。作者通过对美食文化的解读,从方法论的角度考虑中国的民族美食。中国的民族美食既是一项重要的历史文化遗产,也是中国日常文化的重要组成部分。美食文化被定义为一种通过各种现象表现出来的心理结构。特别强调的是分析中国民族美食的哲学方面及其对人们日常生活主要方面形成的影响。烹饪和上菜的特殊性以及使用筷子的传统在中国文化中被强调为重要的。本文探讨了中国饮食文化发展的历史基础,以及宫廷饮食文化向现代中国饮食文化方向转变的途径。举例说明了皇家烹饪的历史性质,以及三千年来中国烹饪演变的各个阶段。值得注意的是,由于文化和历史的原因,中国菜几乎使用了大自然赋予的一切,包括异国情调的食材。据估计,中国菜大约有8万道菜。中国菜与欧美菜的不同之处在于,中国人多吃蔬菜,少吃肉类。文章指出,现代中国餐饮业借鉴了三千年来皇家烹饪的一些传统。在现代中国,在正式的午餐或晚餐中,遵循传统的用餐礼仪,其中最重要的部分是客人在餐桌上的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Explication of deontic modality in international legal documents in the english language 英语国际法律文书道义情态的阐释
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499_9679_2022_4_31_119_126
O. Boginskaya
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引用次数: 0
SEMANTIC SHIFTS IN THE COVIDETERMINOLOGICAL FIELD OF THE FRENCH MEDICAL TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM 法语医学术语系统共决定论领域的语义转移
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-118-122
Galina V. Оvchinnikova
The article first defines the concept of «co-terminological field» and establishes its place and function in the medical terminological system. The factual material based on special medical literature, media texts and lexicographic sources allows us to fill in the gap in the conceptual apparatus in the French medical discourse and clarify the definition of the medical term. Word-formation analysis and word-formation synthesis in combination with component decomposition of the seminal composition formed the basis of the methodology for studying the structure and semantics of Covid terms in modern French. The allocation of the central and peripheral axes of the lexical-semantic field contributes to the codification and semantic variability of Covid terminology. Borrowed words from the English language occupy a special place in the term group under consideration, which are more easily assimilated in the French word-production system as letter abbreviations, but are replaced by French equivalents at the lexical level.
本文首先界定了“共术语场”的概念,确立了其在医学术语体系中的地位和作用。基于特殊医学文献、媒体文本和词典来源的事实材料使我们能够填补法语医学话语中概念装置的空白,并澄清医学术语的定义。构词分析和构词合成结合词性成分分解构成了研究现代法语新冠词结构和语义的方法论基础。词汇语义场中轴和外轴的分配有助于Covid术语的编纂和语义变异性。从英语中借来的词在我们所考虑的术语组中占有特殊的地位,这些词更容易被法语的单词生成系统吸收为字母缩写,但在词汇层面上被法语的对等词所取代。
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引用次数: 1
Phraseological units as linguistic exponents of national culture 作为民族文化语言表征的词汇单位
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2499_9679_2022_4_31_101_107
Saida K. Sapieva
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin
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